Hasil untuk "Engineering economy"

Qingsheng Gao, Wenbiao Zhang, Zhangping Shi et al.

As the key of hydrogen economy, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) depend on the availability of cost‐efficient electrocatalysts. Over the past years, there is a rapid rise in noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts. Among them, transition metal carbides (TMCs) are highlighted due to their structural and electronic merits, e.g., high conductivity, metallic band states, tunable surface/bulk architectures, etc. Herein, representative efforts and progress made on TMCs are comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the noble‐metal‐like electronic configuration and the relevant structural/electronic modulation. Briefly, specific nanostructures and carbon‐based hybrids are introduced to increase active‐site abundance and to promote mass transportation, and heteroatom doping and heterointerface engineering are encouraged to optimize the chemical configurations of active sites toward intrinsically boosted HER kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the future development of TMC electrocatalysts is offered. The overall aim is to shed some light on the exploration of emerging materials in energy chemistry.

Markus M. Bugge, Teis Hansen, Antje Klitkou

The notion of the bioeconomy has gained importance in both research and policy debates over the last decade, and is frequently argued to be a key part of the solution to multiple grand challenges. Despite this, there seems to be little consensus concerning what bioeconomy actually implies. Consequently, this paper seeks to enhance our understanding of what the notion of bioeconomy means by exploring the origins, uptake, and contents of the term “bioeconomy” in the academic literature. Firstly, we perform a bibliometric analysis that highlights that the bioeconomy research community is still rather fragmented and distributed across many different fields of science, even if natural and engineering sciences take up the most central role. Secondly, we carry out a literature review that identifies three visions of the bioeconomy. The bio-technology vision emphasises the importance of bio-technology research and application and commercialisation of bio-technology in different sectors of the economy. The bio-resource vision focuses on processing and upgrading of biological raw materials, as well as on the establishment of new value chains. Finally, the bio-ecology vision highlights sustainability and ecological processes that optimise the use of energy and nutrients, promote biodiversity, and avoid monocultures and soil degradation.

Yan-sui Liu, Jintao Li, Yuanyuan Yang

R. Florida

Zhixiang Zhang, Zheng Jiang, W. Shangguan

Sunil Kumar, Stephen R. Smith, G. Fowler et al.

India faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Current systems in India cannot cope with the volumes of waste generated by an increasing urban population, and this impacts on the environment and public health. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. This paper reports on an international seminar on ‘Sustainable solid waste management for cities: opportunities in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries’ organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute and the Royal Society. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. The potential for energy generation from landfill via methane extraction or thermal treatment is a major opportunity, but a key barrier is the shortage of qualified engineers and environmental professionals with the experience to deliver improved waste management systems in India.

Y. Li, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Khalil Kariman et al.

The global population is increasing, with a predicted demand for 1250 million tonnes of animal-derived protein by 2050, which will be difficult to meet. Single-cell protein (SCP) offers a sustainable solution. This review covers SCP production mechanisms, microbial and substrate choices, and advancements in metabolic engineering and CRISPR-Cas. It emphasizes second-generation substrates and fermentation for a circular economy. Despite challenges like high nucleic acid content, SCP promises to solve the global nutrition problem.

Amelia R. Bergeson, Ashli J Silvera, H. Alper

Plastic waste is an environmental challenge, but also presents a biotechnological opportunity as a unique carbon substrate. With modern biotechnological tools, it is possible to enable both recycling and upcycling. To realize a plastics bioeconomy, significant intrinsic barriers must be overcome using a combination of enzyme, strain, and process engineering. This article highlights advances, challenges, and opportunities for a variety of common plastics. The way we generate and treat plastic waste is a key consideration in the transition from a take-make-waste model to a truly circular economy. Here, authors discuss their views on how biotechnology could contribute to solving the plastic problem, and the barriers we need to overcome to make such approaches a reality.

Xuewei Jiao, Yaning Ma, Zihan Zhao et al.

Epoxy resins‐based engineering plastics are indispensable in the global economy, but they have created a serious waste crisis caused by their chemical cross‐linked networks. To solve this problem, current strategies often require the assistance of catalysts or solvents at the expense of thermal and mechanical performance. In this work, a high‐performance epoxy resin featuring dynamic ester and disulfide bonds (TDS) is reported, which exhibits higher thermal and mechanical properties than common engineering plastics, i.e., tensile strength and modulus of 66.6 MPa and 2.63 GPa, flexural strength and modulus of 103.2 MPa and 3.52 GPa, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of 133 °C. Moreover, the reversible transformation between aromatic disulfide bonds and thiyl radicals endows TDS epoxy resin with autonomous visualization of damage and healing. In addition, the harmonious interplay between disulfide and ester bonds‐promoted by tertiary amine accelerated the topological network rearrangements, enabling TDS to easily reshape and weld. Specifically, TDS can be completely degraded in pure water at 200 °C without any catalyst, and the degraded products can be directly re‐polymerized to achieve green closed‐loop recycling. This work proposes a simple and economical strategy for the development of epoxy resin‐based cutting‐edge engineering plastics that are both functional and sustainable.

Puppetry has been utilised as an effective mechanism to facilitate conversation and communicate complex topics across a variety of disciplines. To provoke discussions, our project aimed to utilise puppets as an effective and entertaining ‘bridge’ to increase the confidence of young people, enabling them to question and explore scientific endeavours, and to increase the confidence of engineers to communicate their work with young people. This proof-of-concept was anchored in the research of the Centre for Enzyme Innovation at the University of Portsmouth, UK, which focuses on developing low-carbon biotechnological solutions for recycling problem plastic waste in a circular economy. The science was effectively interpreted and discussed through co-designed puppetry workshops between engineers from the University of Portsmouth and young people from the community through engagement with community partners Artswork, The Makers Guild, the company Making Theatre Gaining Skills in Bognor Regis and secondary school students at the Admiral Lord Nelson School in Portsmouth. Through this approach, we demonstrated that 86 per cent of the young people gained a deeper understanding about what engineers do, and 79 per cent about how engineering improves our lives. The majority of engineers felt more confident and motivated in utilising arts-based techniques in their engagement practice following the project. Through this work, we demonstrated that puppetry can be used to bridge the gap between scientists/engineers and underserved communities, although this can be limited by the power dynamics that currently exist in society.

Ika Yuni Purnama, DJ. Dimas Phetorant, Gelar Gelora Mestika et al.

Designpreneurs (a combination of design and entrepreneurs) have gained attention as an innovation paradigm that integrates design creativity with business value, playing a significant role in driving innovation and sustainable value creation. As the national creative economy and the IKN smart design agenda develop, it is important to evaluate research trends related to this concept. This study aims to map designpreneurship literature through bibliometric analysis, identifying publication trends, dominant themes, and key actors in this field. Data were taken from the Dimensions database (2000–2025), covering 45 articles, analyzed using VOSviewer to reveal collaboration patterns (country, institution, author) and keywords. The publication trend has increased sharply since 2016, reaching 10 articles in 2024. Indonesia has emerged as a major hub with strong collaborations with Malaysia, Japan, and China. The Bandung Institute of Technology was identified as the most productive institution. The journals Design, Economics and Innovation, Review of Managerial Science, and Journal of the Knowledge Economy are at the forefront of publications. Dominant research themes include the integration of design thinking, business innovation, and sustainability, indicating a focus on sustainable design innovation. This study presents a comprehensive mapping of designpreneurship literature, strengthening the concept of design and entrepreneurship synergy in creative innovation. These findings are relevant to the design strategy of ministerial position houses in the IKN based on local wisdom and sustainability.

Andrea Ciula, Gianluca Rubino, Pierluigi Fanelli

Gyroid-based mechanical metamaterials have garnered increasing attention for their unique mechanical properties, particularly in applications involving complex stress environments. This study focuses on the mechanical characterization of the gyroid cell, a member of the Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) family, through both experimental and numerical analyses. Three different gyroid morphologies were generated by varying a single parameter in the parametric equation of the gyroid surface. Specimens were fabricated by 3D printing based on Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology, and compression tests were conducted to measure the equivalent Young’s modulus. Numerical models developed using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis were validated through the experimental findings. The results indicate a good correlation between the experimental and numerical data, particularly in the linear elastic region, confirming the suitability of FEM simulations in predicting the mechanical response of these cellular structures. The study serves as a foundational step towards a broader multi-physical characterization of TPMS-based metamaterials and paves the way for the future development of tailored metamaterials for specific applications, including sacrificial limiters in plasma-facing components of Tokamaks.

Nikiforos T. Laopodis, Eleftheria Kostika

This Special Issue (<i>Trends and New Developments in FinTech</i>) discusses fintech trends such as the aspects of the regulation of digital activities, the implementation of technologies on reducing carbon emissions, ESG investments by FinTech, the trend towards asset tokenization and related banking activities in relation to FinTech, and the development of central bank digital currencies assisted by FinTech [...]

Ewa Skorupińska, Miloš Hitka, Maciej Sydor

Furniture production is a specific industrial sector with a high human labor demand, a wide range of materials processed, and short production runs caused by high customization of end products. The difficulty of measuring the aesthetic requirements of customers is also specific to furniture. This review of academic papers identifies and explains effective quality management strategies in furniture production. The reviewed literature highlights a range of quality management methodologies, including concurrent engineering (CE), total quality management (TQM), lean manufacturing, lean six sigma, and kaizen. These strategies encompass a variety of pro-quality tools, such as 5S, statistical process control (SPC), quality function deployment (QFD), and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). The strengths of these quality management strategies lie in their ability to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, increase product diversity, and improve product quality. However, the weaknesses concern implementation challenges and the need for culture change within organizations. Successful quality management in furniture production requires tailoring strategies to the specific context of the furniture production industry. Additionally, the importance of sustainability in the furniture industry is emphasized, which entails incorporating circular economy principles and resource-efficient practices. The most important finding from the literature analysis is that early detection and correction of poor quality yields the most beneficial outcomes for the manufacturer. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the rigor of quality testing and analysis during the early stages of product development. Consequently, a deep understanding of consumer perspectives on required furniture quality is crucial. The review identified two research gaps: (1) the impact of unnecessary product over-quality on the efficiency of furniture production and (2) the influence of replacing CAD drawings with a model-based definition (MBD) format on quality management in furniture production.

Marleen Simone Schutter, Marleen Simone Schutter, Hampus Eriksson et al.

Competing interests in aquatic food systems pose challenges for small-scale food producers trying to secure their place in the blue economy. These challenges include development aspirations, pressure from conservation interests, climate and environmental change, and blue growth agendas. Research-for-development can contribute to improving outcomes for small-scale actors in aquatic food systems in the face of uneven development, but the legitimacy and effectiveness of research have been found difficult to operationalize. An “engineering mindset” that prioritizes technical innovations, academic definitions of research excellence, unequal research collaborations, and funding constraints currently inhibit conducting strategic and transformative research. Taking ownership, equity, shared analysis, and feedback as key principles for research-in-development can assist in moving from transfer of technology to recognizing and working within the specific political and institutional contexts of aquatic food systems.

Miftahuddin Miftahuddin, Ziqratul Husna, Eddy Gunawan et al.

Farmer's Exchange Rate (FER) is one indicator to see the level of farmers' welfare. From 2014 to 2020, Aceh Province's FER was below 100 which indicates that farmers have not yet reached the level of welfare. This happens because of various factors including the price received by farmers (IR) is smaller than the price paid by farmers (IP). To find out the factors that influence the FER, it is necessary to do an analysis by forming a model. In this study, modeling of the FER data will be carried out, and see the factors that influence the index number with the longitudinal data regression approach. There are three estimation models, i.e. Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model. Model selection of the best model is by using the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests. Furthermore, test the significance of the parameters using the simultaneous and partial tests and also see the value of the coefficient of determination (R2). The results obtained indicate that the appropriate model for the IR and IP data is the Random Effect Model where the R2for the IR and IP models are 67.06% and 85.42 respectively.

E. Andreiadis, P. Jacques, Phong D. Tran et al.

Jungang Du

Based on the fluctuation characteristics of residents’ disposable income and CPI (Consumer Price Index) in different periods, this article introduces a nonlinear threshold cointegration theory, establishes a TVECM (Threshold Vector Error Correction Model) of the residents’ disposable income and CPI. We propose an algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimation under the condition of cointegration vector and threshold value which are unknown and then propose a SupLM test for the presence of a threshold. The asymptotic distribution of the SupLM statistic is analyzed, and it appears to depend on the moment functionals, so tabulated critical values are unavailable. We discuss how the residual bootstrap can be used to calculate asymptotic critical values and p values, investigate the size and power of the SupLM test using Monte Carlo simulation, and find that the test works quite well. In the empirical section, we apply our methods to test and estimate the TVECM of residents’ disposable income and CPI. According to the experimental results, the causal relationship between residents’ disposable income and CPI under different mechanisms is tested and compared with the test results under the linear cointegration hypothesis. The empirical results show that the disposable income of residents and CPI belong to a two-mechanism nonlinear threshold cointegration system. When the deviation from the equilibrium state exceeds the threshold value, the system may adjust to the equilibrium state, and the adjustment speed of CPI shall be faster than that of the residents’ disposable income.

Untung Rahardja, Qurotul Aini, Po Abas Sunarya et al.

Artificial intelligence techniques to forecasts based on the Community Multiscale Air Quality (PM2.5) operational model can be known using TensorFlow. TensorFlow was used in this study to assess the scores of the Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) input variables on the 6-hour forecast for July-October 2022. The relevance scores for the one- and two-day forecasts are represented by the sum of the relevance scores across the target prediction timeframe 2–5 and 4–7 previous time steps. The initial selection of input variables was based on their correlation coefficient with the measured PM2.5 concentration. Still, the order of contribution of the input variables measured by TensorFlow was different from the order of their correlation coefficients, which indicated an inconsistency between the linear and nonlinear variables of the method. It was found that the retraining of the RNN model using a subset of variables with a high relevance score resulted in a predictive ability similar to the initial set of input variables.

Saadman Sakib Rahman, Sumi Siddiqua, Chinchu Cherian

Textiles and apparel are amongst our primary necessities. The increasing environmental problems associated with the voluminous textile waste discarded in landfills have urged the textile and fashion industries to adopt and implement environmentally sustainable waste management and disposal strategies. The critical need for textile waste diversion from landfills instigated many researchers to seek novel and sustainable solutions for the circular textile economy by its value-addition and beneficial applications. In this review paper, a total of 49 studies were considered to formulate the application-based characterization of textile waste fibers comprehensively, to determine its appropriateness as a composite material in sustainable construction and geotechnical practices. This paper presents a plethora of innovative strategies for the cascaded use of textile fibrous waste by transforming it into non-hazardous secondary raw materials for potential environment-friendly and cleaner applications in the fields of building materials and geotechnical engineering. The findings of this study will help formulate experimentation techniques and methods to develop novel composite materials based on blended textile waste fibers and various other industrial by-products for specific applications.