Hasil untuk "Economics as a science"

M. Friedman, John Muth, R. Lucas et al.

E. I. Dyudikova

The emergence of a new type of society in the wake of the information and digital revolution – Society 5.0. – is accompanied by social polarization, contributing to the occurrence and spread of technocratic metaphors with their humanitarian interpretation, generally complicating the formation of new realities and hindering their perception. This began to manifest itself during a period of rapid transformations in monetary circulation, when the cryptocurrency turned into a full-fledged innovative narrative, prompting the authorities to take retaliatory measures to curb the backstage sector of alternative finance. At the same time, there is no holistic, definite and understandable vision of the vector of digital transformation of the payment and settlement space, there is no concretization of the concept, theoretical approaches are not detailed, there is no prototype of the tested solution, no White Paper has been published, a high level of secrecy of piloting results is recorded, etc. Under these conditions, phrases applied to the sphere of money circulation and containing the word «digital» in their formulations most often look like a technocratic metaphor to attract public attention. However, the formal enumeration of breakthrough technologies and the local selective nature of their use as a criterion for digital transformation do not reveal either the essence of the technologies themselves or the «breakthroughs» into society 5.0. The historical perspective of the causal relationship between the cryptocurrency industry and the digital currencies of central banks, as well as an interactive approach to improving the settlement and payment space, taking into account the change in customer-oriented concepts to human-centricity, allow us to identify existing technocratic metaphors regarding the legislative interpretation of the digital ruble and establish the dichotomy of the virtual settlement and payment space (separation into digital and electronic).

Оксана Копилюк, Ігор Фостяк

У статті представлено аналіз термінології та авторське визначення терміну "небанківська фінансова установа". На основі дослідження вітчизняної нормативно-правової бази та підходів інституцій ЄС до регулювання ринку небанківських фінансових установ запропоновано систематизацію методів їх регулювання з боку НБУ. Відзначено, що характерними ознаками небанківських фінансових установ є: належність до фінансового ринку як надавача послуг, функціонування на підставі ліцензування, надання фінансових послуг, які не належать до банківських, впровадження ризикорієнтованого підходу та систем моніторингу, вагомий вплив на зростання системних ризиків через тісний зв'язок банківського та небанківського секторів, вплив на розвиток економіки країни через наявний інвестиційний потенціал, гнучкість у впровадженні технологічних інновацій, диверсифікованість форм, методів та інструментів державного регулювання та нагляду.

Максим Годлевський, Надія Морозова

Стаття присвячена розробці адаптованої моделі формування банківського бренду на основі концепції «Колесо бренду» з урахуванням викликів цифрової економіки. Проаналізовано моделі формування бренду в контексті банківської сфери, визначено ключові фактори сприйняття бренду клієнтами, зокрема зміни очікувань молодших поколінь, які прагнуть не лише функціональних вигод, як швидкість та вигідні умови, але й емоційного зв’язку, заснованого на довірі, інноваційності та соціальній відповідальності. Досліджено світовий досвід адаптації Колеса Бренду для цифрових екосистем та еволюцію моделі для банківського сектору. Запропоновано Адаптоване Колесо Банківського Бренду (АКББ), яке інтегрує традиційні елементи, як надійність, довіра, з сучасними вимогами, як персоналізація, кібербезпека, інноваційність та регуляторні вимоги. Обґрунтовано практичні рекомендації щодо інтеграції цифрових каналів, посилення кіберзахисту та фокусу на соціальній відповідальності для підвищення конкурентоспроможності.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

The first dedicated $Z$-boson mass measurement at the LHC with $Z \to μ^+μ^-$ decays is reported. The dataset uses proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $13$ TeV, recorded in 2016 by the LHCb experiment, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $1.7$ fb$^{-1}$. A template fit to the $μ^+μ^-$ mass distribution yields the following result for the $Z$-boson mass, \begin{equation*} m_{Z} = 91185.7 \pm 8.3 \pm 3.9 \rm{MeV}, \end{equation*} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This result is consistent with previous measurements and predictions from global electroweak fits.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

This article presents doubly differential measurements of the asymmetries in production rates between mesons containing a charm quark and those containing an anticharm quark in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV using data recorded by the LHCb experiment. The asymmetries of $D^0$, $D^+$ and $D_s^+$ mesons are measured for two-dimensional intervals in transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, within the range $2.5<p_T<25.0$ GeV$/c$ and $2.0<η<4.5$. No significant production asymmetries are observed. Comparisons to the Pythia 8 and Herwig 7 event generators are also presented, and their agreement with the data is evaluated. These measurements constitute the first measurements of production asymmetries at this centre-of-mass energy of colliding beams, and the first measurements with the LHCb Run 3 detector.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

A study is presented of $B^+ \to K^0_{\rm S} K^- π^+ K^-$ and $B^+ \to K^0_{\rm S} K^+ π^- K^+$ decays based on the analysis of proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9 fb^{-1}$. The $K^0_{\rm S} K π$ invariant-mass distributions of both $B^+$ decay modes show, in the $m(K^0_{\rm S} K π)<1.85$ GeV mass region, large activity which is resolved using an amplitude analysis. A simple model, were $J^{PC}$ amplitudes are described by multiple Breit--Wigner functions with appropriate angular distributions provides a good description of the experimental data. In this approach a complex mixture of $J^{PC}=0^{-+}, 1^{++}$ and $1^{+-}$ amplitudes is observed that is dominated by $η(1405)$, $η(1470)$, $η(1760)$, $f_1(1285)$, $f_1(1420)$ and $h_1(1405)$ resonances. The $K^0_{\rm S} K π$ Dalitz plots are dominated by asymmetric crossing $K^* \bar{K}$ bands which are different for the two $B^+$ decay modes. This is due to a different interference pattern between the $1^{++}$ and $1^{+-}$ amplitudes in the two channels. Branching fractions are measured for each resonant contribution.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

A search for the decay $B^+_c\rightarrow χ_{c1}(3872)π^+$ is reported using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018 at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 $TeV$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9fb^{-1}$. No significant signal is observed. Using the decay $B^+_c\rightarrow ψ(2S)π^+$ as a normalisation channel, an upper limit for the ratio of branching fractions $$ \mathcal{R}^{χ_{c1}(3872)}_{ψ(2S)} = \frac{\mathcal{B}_{B^+_c\rightarrow χ_{c1}(3872)π^+}} {\mathcal{B}_{B^+_c\rightarrow ψ(2S)π^+}} \times \frac{\mathcal{B}_{χ_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow J/ψπ^+π^-}} {\mathcal{B}_{ψ(2S)\rightarrow J/ψπ^+π^-}} < 0.05\,(0.06)\,, $$ is set at the 90\,(95)\% confidence level.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

The decays of the $χ_{b1}(1P)$, $χ_{b2}(1P)$, $χ_{b1}(2P)$ and $χ_{b2}(2P)$ mesons into the $Υ(1S)μ^+μ^-$ final state are observed with a high significance using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9fb$^{-1}$. The newly observed decays together with the $Υ(2S)\rightarrow Υ(1S)π^+π^-$ and $Υ(3S)\rightarrow Υ(2S)π^+π^-$ decay modes are used for precision measurements of the mass and mass splittings for the hidden-beauty states.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

An angular analysis of the $B_s^0 \rightarrow φe^+e^-$ decay is performed using the proton-proton collision dataset collected between 2011 and 2018 by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and $13\,{\rm TeV}$. The analysis is performed in the very low dielectron invariant mass-squared region between $0.0009$ and $0.2615\,{\rm GeV}^2\!/c^4$. The longitudinal polarisation fraction of the $φ$ meson is measured to be less than $11.5\%$ at $90\%$ confidence level. The $A_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathcal{R}e C\!P}$ observable, which is related to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, is measured to be $0.116 \pm 0.155 \pm 0.006$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The transverse asymmetries, $A_{\mathrm{T}}^{(2)}$ and $A_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathcal{I}m C\!P}$, which are sensitive to the virtual photon polarisation, are found to be $-0.045 \pm 0.235 \pm 0.014$ and $0.002 \pm 0.247 \pm 0.016$, respectively. The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions.

Jiaxuan Lu

Bojan Ivanović

Stabilnost na male poremećaje, koja se još naziva statička stabilnost ili modalna analiza, se bavi stabilnošću sistema u slučaju malih poremećaja kao što su promene u potrošnji ili proizvodnji na satnom i dnevnom nivou. Prednost ove vrste analize je njeg globalni karakter jer daje sve sopstvene vrednosti matrice stanja sistema, odnosno polove, u okviru jednog sistemskog proračuna. Postojanje samo jednog pola sistema sa pozitivnim realnim delom ukazuje na nestabilan sistem. Mera relativnog učešća određene promenljive stanja, vezane za određeni generator, i određenog pola sistema dobija se računanjem faktora učešća. Sortiranjem faktora učešća za sve polove sistema u opadajući redosled i uspostavljanje korelacije sa tačno određenom promenljivom stanja nekog generatora dobija se povratna sprega do generatora koji su dominantni uzročnici postojanja polova sistema sa pozitivnim realnim delom. U radu se prikazuje izračunavanje sopstvenih vrednosti sistema i uspostavljanje korisničke povratne sprege do generatora uzročnika pojave nestabilnog pola. Uspostavljanje ove povratne sprege i eliminacija nestabilnog pola sistema promenom parametara generatora je demonstrirana na primeru realnog distributivnog sistema ogranka Leskovac sa preko 2500 čvorova i priključenih više od 40 sinhronih generatora.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

The $B^+ \rightarrow J/ψη^{\prime} K^+$ decay is observed for the first time using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9fb$^{-1}$. The branching fraction of this decay is measured relative to the known branching fraction of the $B^+ \rightarrow ψ(2S) K^+$ decays and found to be $$ \frac{\mathcal{B}( B^+ \rightarrow J/ψη^{\prime}K^+)}{\mathcal{B}( B^+ \rightarrow ψ(2S)K^+)} = \left(4.91\pm 0.47\pm0.29\pm0.07\right)\times10^{-2}, $$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is related to external branching fractions. A first look at the $J/ψη^{\prime}$ mass distribution is performed and no signal of intermediate resonances is observed.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

The mass difference between the $Ω^-_b$ and $Ξ^-_b$ baryons is measured using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9 \, \text{fb}^{-1}$, and is found to be \begin{equation} m(Ω^-_b)- m(Ξ^-_b) = 248.54 \pm 0.51 \text{(stat)} \pm 0.38 \text{(syst)} \, \text{MeV}/c^2. \end{equation} The mass of the $Ω^-_b$ baryon is measured to be \begin{equation} m(Ω^-_b)= 6045.9 \pm 0.5 \text{(stat)} \pm 0.6 \text{(syst)} \, \text{MeV}/c^2. \end{equation} This is the most precise determination of the $Ω^-_b$ mass to date. In addition, the production rate of $Ω^-_b$ baryons relative to that of $Ξ^-_b$ baryons is measured for the first time in $pp$ collisions, using an LHCb dataset collected at a center-of-mass energy of $13 \, \text{TeV}$ and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6\,\text{fb}^{-1}$. Reconstructing beauty baryons in the kinematic region $2 < η< 6$ and $p_T < 20\,\text{GeV}/c$ with their decays to a $J/ψ$ meson and a hyperon, the ratio \begin{equation} \frac{f_{Ω^-_b}}{f_{Ξ^-_b}}\times\frac{\mathcal{B}(Ω^-_b \to J/ψΩ^-)}{\mathcal{B}(Ξ^-_b \to J/ψΞ^-)} = 0.120 \pm 0.008 \text{(stat)} \pm 0.008 \text{(syst)}, \end{equation} is obtained, where $f_{Ω^-_b}$ and $f_{Ξ^-_b}$ are the fragmentation fractions of $b$ quarks into $Ω^-_b$ and $Ξ^-_b$ baryons, respectively, and $\mathcal{B}$ represents the branching fractions of their respective decays.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb et al.

A model-independent study of CP violation in $B^0 \to DK^{*0}$ decays is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=7, \, 8$ and $13$TeV. The CKM angle $γ$ is determined by examining the distributions of signal decays in phase-space bins of the self-conjugate $D \to K_S^0 h^+ h^-$ decays, where $h = π, K$. Observables related to CP violation are measured and the angle $γ$ is determined to be $γ=(49^{+ 22}_{-19})^\circ$. Measurements of the amplitude ratio and strong-phase difference between the favoured and suppressed $B^0$ decays are also presented.

Joseph. Jupille, James A. Caporaso

The human condition teems with institutions – intertemporal social arrangements that shape human relations in support of particular values – and the social scientific work developed over the last five decades aimed at understanding them is similarly vast and diverse. This book synthesizes scholarship from across the social sciences, with special focus on political science, sociology, economics, and organizational studies. Drawing out institutions' essentially social and temporal qualities and their varying relationships to efficiency and power, the authors identify more underlying similarity in understandings of institutional origins, maintenance, and change than emerges from overviews from within any given disciplinary tradition. Most importantly, Theories of Institutions identifies dozens of avenues for cross-fertilization, the pursuit of which can help keep this broad and inherently diverse field of study vibrant for future generations of scholars.

Maarten Bosker

Tatyana Dmitrievna Sinyavets

Subject. Remote work as a form of work management has become a fact of life for education, consulting and IT companies, banks, government agencies, trading companies, and other areas. The issue of managing employees’ values by shaping, maintaining, and developing organisational culture in Russian companies has become acute. The fact that managers from all levels appeared to be unprepared for the realities of remote work aggravated the problem of work motivation and reduced the loyalty of the personnel to the employer. Objectives. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of remote work management on the components of organisational culture. The study is important and timely since it identifies the most problematic components of organisational culture which require further maintenance and development. Methodology. The research methodology is based on rational cognition (concept, judgement, inference) and procedures of logical inference and conceptual framework for value management. To achieve the set goal the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, and comparison. The results of the study were systematised using the structure of organisational culture components proposed by F. Harris and R. Moeran. The attitude of employees to various aspects of organisational culture was studied by conducting an online survey among university educators in Omsk and IT specialists from a Russian commercial bank. Conclusions: The results of the study showed a negative impact of remote work on half of the components of organisational culture, 30% of the components were neutral to the impact of remote employment and 10% experienced a positive impact. The obtained results should be taken into consideration by managers from all management levels since organisational culture is an effective tool for strategic management that allows maintaining employee loyalty to the corporate brand.

Олена Денисюк, Світлана Саннікова

Стаття присвячена вивченню використання інструментів LEAN-менеджменту підприємствами в умовах кризи. Саме LEAN-менеджмент дає можливість досягти головних завдань підприємства в умовах кризи по збереженню продуктивності колективу та для максимально якісного використання наявних ресурсів. В статті коротко представлено історію становлення даної філософії, основні принципи, інструменти та концептуальну модель впровадження LEAN-менеджменту на підприємстві. Особливо зосереджено увагу на взаємодії персоналу та менеджменту підприємства щодо досягнення цілей ощадного управління. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання саме LEAN-менеджменту в умовах криз на противагу антикризовому управлінню, оскільки філософія LEAN є більш соціально відповідальною. Також запропоновані першочергові кроки менеджменту підприємства по впровадженню LEAN-управління в умовах кризи.

E. A. Evdokimova, A. Yu. Fomin, M. S. Yumatov

Currently, the external conditions for the functioning of industrial enterprises are formed in such a way that the achievement of their goals is seen impossible without the implementation of innovative activities. Due to the high cost of innovations, as well as the need to conduct these processes on an ongoing basis, industrial enterprises lack their own funds to finance innovation activities. The state is interested in the innovative development of industrial enterprises. This is one of the reasons why it participates in the formation of their funding sources. The article substantiates the need for state support, as well as analyzes the options for its provision by type of financing sources. For each type of sources, options for providing large-scale support, implying a large coverage area, as well as point-directed support, are also highlighted.