Hasil untuk "Economic theory. Demography"

Namneet Sandhu, Bing Li, Danielle A Southern et al.

Introduction Coding has become burdensome to healthcare systems due to patient complexity and resource requirements. In Alberta, Intelligent Medical Objects (IMO), an interface terminology mapping product, is integrated within the new province-wide Clinical Information System, named Connect Care (CC), to support documentation by clinicians and map clinical terminologies to ICD-10. This study evaluates comparability of terminologies mapped ICD-10 codes to the ICD-10 codes in DAD. Approach We conducted a retrospective analysis by linking acute care hospital DAD with CC between April 2021 and December 2023. The primary outcome was the level of agreement between ‘hospital problem list’ of CC and DAD for ICD-10-CA codes at a 3-digit level. The number of diagnoses and rate of unspecified codes were also compared. The outcome measures were stratified by physician specialty, hospital type and location, and length-of-stay (LOS). Results A total of 498,834 unique hospital records were linked. The average level of agreement between CC and DAD at 3-digit level of ICD-10-CA code was 43.4%. The average number of diagnoses captured in CC (3.91) was slightly lower than DAD (4.06), and the average rate of unspecified codes was higher in CC (26.4%) compared to DAD (23.0%). The level of agreement varied by specialty and length-of-stay with specialties with more complex patients and longer lengths-of-stay having the lowest agreement (43% for generalists and internal medicine and 33% for LOS >3 months). Conclusion Level of agreement between CC and DAD for ICD-10 data was identified as low, indicating significant disparities between terminology mappings and the coding process.

Marco Antonio Burgos Flórez, Luis Hernando Portillo Riascos, Edinson Ortiz Benavides

El propósito central del estudio es analizar los factores determinantes de la demanda de microcrédito formal e informal en las plazas de mercado de la ciudad de Pasto, año 2021. La investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, con un alcance, inicialmente, descriptivo y, luego, correlacional. Se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra representativa de 344 comerciantes de las cuatro plazas de mercado de la ciudad. Los resultados muestran que el 33% los comerciantes accedieron a microcrédito formal, el 33% a microcrédito informal y el 15% combinaron ambos microcréditos. Las variables determinantes en la demanda de microcrédito formal fueron ingresos, antigüedad, sexo, confianza en las instituciones financieras formales y el acceso a préstamos informales. En el modelo de demanda de préstamo informal se identificaron como factores explicativos, además del ingreso, la antigüedad y el sexo, el tener vivienda propia y acceder a microcrédito formal. Dentro de las conclusiones más relevantes que se obtuvieron a partir de esta investigación se destaca que el microcrédito formal y el informal son productos rivales, pero no excluyentes. Asimismo, las características y el destino que se le da a los recursos difieren entre microcréditos; el ingreso es una variable importante en el acceso al microcrédito formal y reduce la probabilidad del acceso al informal, al igual que la antigüedad del negocio y tener vivienda propia. Por otro lado, la propensión de las mujeres de adquirir financiamiento informal es mayor que la de los hombres.

Sorin Burlacu, Ana Maria Calin, Elena Crizantema Vâlcu et al.

This research paper aims to investigate the role of public administration in promoting sustainable development through a case study of global nutrition interventions and population growth. The study employs a case study approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by these issues, and to explore how public administration can effectively address them. The purpose of the research is to generate new insights and hypotheses that can inform theory and practice, as well as to provide practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. The methodology of the study involves an in-depth investigation of four different countries, each selected based on their distinct characteristics and challenges related to global nutrition interventions and population growth. Secondary sources of data are used to develop the case study, including reports, policy documents, and academic literature. The research objectives are to identify the key drivers and barriers to promoting sustainable development in each country, to evaluate the effectiveness of current public administration strategies, and to propose practical recommendations for enhancing policy and practice. The main findings of the study demonstrate the critical importance of effective public administration in promoting sustainable development, particularly in the context of global nutrition interventions and population growth. The case study highlights the need for coordinated and integrated policy approaches that engage a range of stakeholders, including government, civil society, and private sector actors. The study also highlights the importance of context-specific approaches that consider the unique characteristics and challenges of each country. The degree of novelty and originality of this research lies in its holistic and contextualized approach to exploring the role of public administration in promoting sustainable development. By using a case study approach, this research generates new insights and recommendations that can inform policy and practice in a practical and actionable way. The practical implications of this research are significant, as it provides a roadmap for policymakers and practitioners to effectively address the complex and multifaceted challenges posed by global nutrition interventions and population growth.

Yusuf Avşar, Ozan Özdemir

Islamic (participation) banks in Turkey are required to apply international accounting standards in their accounting and reporting practices, while their counterparts in Bahrain apply the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards. The main objective of this paper is to reveal the relation between Islamic and international accounting standards, discussed in previous studies, by comparing the compliance to AAOIFI accounting standards by Islamic banks in both Turkey and Bahrain. The source of information in this study is secondary data provided in the annual reports of the Islamic banks in Turkey and Bahrain for the year 2017. In order to measure compliance, an unweighted disclosure index was used. The outcomes of this study show that, since AAOIFI accounting standards are compulsory in Bahrain, the level of compliance with AAOIFI standards in relation to general presentation and disclosure in the financial statements of Islamic banks in Turkey is lower than the compliance achieved by their counterparts in Bahrain. Due to the average compliance level achieved by Islamic banks (using the unweighted disclosure index) in Turkey (54.6%), and since all banks in Turkey apply international financial reporting standards and international accounting standards, it is found that there is a relation between AAOIFI and International Accounting Standards Board standards even though they are different. Surprisingly, in the case of Bahrain’s Islamic banks, the standard deviation of the total compliance score is 8.66, which indicates an important difference among the Islamic banks in Bahrain in this regard. It is also found that the current practices of participation banks in Turkey do not adequately meet the financial statements and disclosure standards in accordance with the AAOIFI.

Rowena Griffiths, Laura Herbert, Ashley Akbari et al.

Introduction Critical Care is a specialty in medicine providing a service for severely ill and high-risk patients who, due to the nature of their condition, may require long periods recovering after discharge. Consequently, focus on the routine data collection carried out in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) leads to reporting that is confined to the critical care episode and is typically insensitive to variation in individual patient pathways through critical care to recovery. A resource which facilitates efficient research into interactions with healthcare services surrounding critical admissions, capturing the complete patient's healthcare trajectory from primary care to non-acute hospital care prior to ICU, would provide an important longer-term perspective for critical care research. Objective To describe and apply a reproducible methodology that demonstrates how both routine administrative and clinically rich critical care data sources can be integrated with primary and secondary healthcare data to create a single dataset that captures a broader view of patient care. Method To demonstrate the INTEGRATE methodology, it was applied to routine administrative and clinical healthcare data sources in the Secure Anonymised Data Linking (SAIL) Databank to create a dataset of patients' complete healthcare trajectory prior to critical care admission. SAIL is a national, data safe haven of anonymised linkable datasets about the population of Wales. Results When applying the INTEGRATE methodology in SAIL, between 2010 and 2019 we observed 91,582 critical admissions for 76,019 patients. Of these, 90,632 (99%) had an associated non-acute hospital admission, 48,979 (53%) had an emergency admission, and 64,832 (71%) a primary care interaction in the week prior to the critical care admission. Conclusion This methodology, at population scale, integrates two critical care data sources into a single dataset together with data sources on healthcare prior to critical admission, thus providing a key research asset to study critical care pathways.

Nélida Redondo, Agustín Benencia

Se presentan resultados de una investigación amplia sobre las trayectorias finales de la vida y los servicios sociosanitarios en domicilio en el Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires*. La investigación longitudinal prospectiva produjo datos primarios sobre la composición y el gasto en salud de los hogares de mayores con morbilidades crónicas avanzadas que recibieron asistencia en domicilio durante el período agosto 2014-diciembre 2015. El fallecimiento o la sobrevivencia mostraron asociación estadística con el tipo de hogar en el que las personas residían, así como con los gastos familiares. El aumento del grado de dependencia también se asoció estadísticamente con los gastos. La investigación proporciona información sobre los cuidadores familiares, destacándose que a medida que aumenta la edad de éstos aumenta la participación masculina en el cuidado y ofrece evidencia empírica para orientar las políticas de cuidados de larga duración en América latina, incluyendo en ellos los cuidados paliativos.

V.S. Dmytrovska, I.V. Kokhan

Стаття присвячена дослідженню з’ясування структури та виявлення тенденцій формування доходів місцевих бюджетів в умовах пандемії коронавірусу (COVID-19). Розглянуто особливості наповнення дохідної частини місцевих бюджетів, основними джерелами надходжень до яких у процесі проведення бюджетної децентралізації є: податок на доходи фізичних осіб, акцизний податок, плата за землю, єдиний податок та податок на нерухоме майно, відмінне від земельної ділянки. Охарактеризовано ряд бюджетних новацій чинного законодавства спрямованих на протидію пандемії та їх вплив на дохідну частину бюджетів об’єднаних територіальних громад. Проаналізовано надходження бюджетів об’єднаних територіальних громад протягом 9 місяців 2019-2020 рр. та здійснено оцінку впливу пандемії COVID-19 на обсяг доходів місцевих бюджетів. Детальний аналіз формування власних доходів місцевих бюджетів показав, що в розрізі місцевих бюджетів у 2019-2020 рр. найвищим є темп зростання податку з доходів фізичних осіб та місцевих податків та зборів у місцевих бюджетах об’єднаних територіальних громад. Такі результати свідчать про участь та зацікавленість органів місцевої влади у акумулюванні більшої частини доходів бюджетів об’єднаних територіальних громад, здійснення заходів щодо пошуку резервів їх надходжень в умовах пандемії коронавірусу COVID-19 та ефективності фіскальної ролі податків і зборів. Авторами обґрунтовано напрями подолання негативних наслідків пандемії COVID-19 на дохідну частину місцевих бюджетів за допомогою фіскального механізму та врегулювання міжбюджетних відносин. Методологічною основою даного дослідження є такі методи, як емпіричне дослідження (моніторинг, вимірювання порівняння); теоретичне дослідження (дедуктивний та аксіоматичний метод, ідеалізація); загальні методи, що використовуються на емпіричному та теоретичному рівні досліджень (аналіз, анологія, абстракція, конкретизація, синтез, індукція, дедукція).

Prokhorova Victoria V. , Mushnykova Svitlana A.

The aim of the article is the theoretical justification of the relationship of safety development culture – communication culture as the basis for intellectualization of the management process. It is determined that the main source of any culture including the culture of enterprise management is human activity, which acquires meaning in close relations with society, its habits, foundations, traditions. Moreover, social behavior of a human is not in his/her nature, but is formed by individual society, depending on many spatial and temporal features including those of enterprise activity. The basic elements of culture comprise material and spiritual values that characterize the organization of activities and management of an enterprise including the interaction of its members. It is determined and proved that the communication culture at each particular enterprise is the basis for forming the culture of management of its development safety, built on fundamental principles, namely: spirituality, education and upbringing, with the safety culture and development culture being the constituent elements of the culture of development safety management. Based on this, the term “culture of enterprise development safety” is defined as a set of relevant characteristics, rules, norms, and characteristics of enterprise activity, taking into account the psychological behavior and professional skills of individuals responsible for making managerial decisions, in accordance with their priority and significance. Based on the results of the study, there proposed communication dimensions to rely upon in the management process, namely: adaptation; coordinated management of value or rules; rhetoric; constructivism; social categories and circumstances; or conflict. The choice of the dimension of the communication culture and orientation towards it will provide an opportunity to determine qualitative aspects of the selected culture of management of enterprise development safety and increase the level of intellectualization in managerial decision-making.

Ольга Генриховна Исупова

В статье содержится попытка оценки возможностей вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) влиять на рождения, выполненная с учетом последних доступных мировых, европейских и российских статистических данных. ВРТ рассматриваются в историческом и этическом контекстах, от которых во многом зависит распространенность их использования и готовность населения решать с их помощью свои репродуктивные проблемы. Анализ существующей статистики, возможно, неполной и недостаточной, позволяет с осторожностью предположить, что в мировом масштабе многие показатели эффективности ВРТ вышли на некое «плато», рост приостановился, произошла стабилизация. В некоторых странах показатели доступности этих технологий населению также стабилизировались, там, где они приблизились к максимальным, доля ВРТ-детей в рождаемости превышает 4%. «Старые» репродуктивные технологии – ЭКО, ИКСИ, суррогатное материнство и донорство гамет – уже заняли в области репродуктивных опций свою «нишу», потенциал расширения которой невелик. Это связано, в частности, с борьбой с многоплодием и практикой переноса меньшего числа эмбрионов в одном цикле, которая несколько снижает процент наступления беременностей, но зато улучшает состояние здоровья появляющихся детей. Увеличение демографического значения ВРТ может произойти, если: они станут доступны экономически и географически большему количеству людей; при их использовании женщинами относительно молодого репродуктивного возраста (до 34 или хотя бы до 40 лет) будет снижаться роль предрассудков и религиозных запретов; получат развитие новые технологии, например, позволяющие женщинам старшего возраста с помощью ЭКО иметь генетически своих детей (замораживание яйцеклеток, ткани яичника, донорство цитоплазмы).

Sridevi Yerrabati, Denise Donna Hawkes

MUSCALU EMANOIL

Regardless of the nature of the organization, public communication has become one of the key strategic elements . In this context the emergence and development of customer relationship management can decisively influence organizational performance by maintaining closer relationships with consumers, with different audiences. The study reveals that the specificity of the public domain claims by their essence a special focus on their core image of the institution, on the confidence of services destined for the citizen, in this context the management of his satisfaction has created a new managerial approach – the management of the relation with the citizen .

Oscar Hernán Muñoz

El artículo presenta un análisis de las dos Conferencias de Población realizadas en Bucarest y El Cairo, en las cuales se han debatido aspectos fundamentales, relacionados con el tamaño de la población mundial, la construcción de sociedad y familia y el respeto de los derechos humanos, entre otros. Estas conferencias marcan un hito importante en el estudio de los problemas de la población, en la medida que han abierto el debate sobre cómo se pueden abordar problemas tan sensibles como el control de la natalidad, el desarrollo sostenible y el tratamiento a las migraciones internacionales. Finalmente, se presentan algunas líneas de reflexión sobre los aspectos en los cuales deberían concentrarse los esfuerzos de una próxima cumbre de población.

Jean-Raphaël Chaponnière

Liudmila ANTOHI

Competitiveness is the capacity of countries to create an enabling environment for indigenous business development; using low-cost strategies, differentiation, substitution, leading to increased productivity; creating opportunities to penetrate foreign markets and added value through their form; citizens by providing jobs with high pay, increasing the purchasing power; contributing to economic growth and to establish a balanced social environment. Enhancing competitiveness of national economy is one of five strategic priorities of the Republic of Moldova, stated in the draft National Development Plan. The wine industry is one of the most important branches of national economy in Moldova. But for Moldova's wine production to be competitive on the world market, wine industry itself should become a branch of modern, efficient, with high economic efficiency, which will not be achieved without investment and without attracting high quality production.

Lucyna Lewandowska

The article discusses SMEs' situation with reference to the process of creating an innovative economy. The presented discussion covers both non-material and financial barriers impeding the development of innovations. The examined range of new solutions designed to finance innovation includes types of capital support such as leasing, franchising, venture capital, Business Angels, NewConnect.

Luis Alberto Arias Fernández

Transcurría el año de 1990 y ya se aproximaba la culminación del mandato del presidente Virgilio Barco. En todos los sectores económicos reinaba una expectativa general alnte los eventuales resultados del proceso de apertura o internacionalización de la economía que, como parte de un nuevo modelo, se había propuesto sacar adelante el gobierno. Se veía, como se recordará, de un excesivo proteccionismo con el cual, supuestamente, se estimulaba la ineficiencia de los procesos productivos de las empresas y por ende, su incapacidad de competir adecuadamente con productos similares del exterior en un plano de igualdad. Esa protección se apreciaba a través de una buena cantidad de subsidios y disposiciones representadas por privilegios tributarios, altos gravámenes arancelarios, restricciones a las importaciones, precios de sustentación, etc.

Maja Lamza-Maronić