Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Cao Thi Sen, Nguyen Thi Lua, Le Trong Nhan et al.

This study aims to examine the impact of service quality and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on customer loyalty in the hotel industry, with a specific focus on a 4-star hotel in Can Tho City, Vietnam. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research model was developed based on three main constructs: overall service quality (measured through reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles), brand reputation, and CSR. Data were collected from 392 valid responses through structured questionnaires. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that all three factors - service quality, brand reputation, and CSR - have a significant positive impact on customer loyalty. Among them, service quality exerts the strongest influence, followed by brand reputation and CSR. The findings confirm that enhancing service quality remains the most critical determinant of customer loyalty in the hospitality industry. Meanwhile, strengthening brand reputation and CSR activities also play a meaningful complementary role. This study provides practical insights for hotel managers seeking to improve customer retention strategies. Specifically, hotels should prioritise improving service quality dimensions, maintain consistent brand identity, and engage in socially responsible activities to enhance customer trust and loyalty.

Jolanta Kwiatkowska-Malina, Wiktor Kijania

The United Nations (UN) predicts that 60% of the world's population will live in cities by 2030; thus, urbanisation is our immediate global future. The growing dominance of cities must be of key importance in the context of sustainable development (SD). This work presents the application of selected environmental and socio-economic factors for determining the direction of SD of the city of Kielce (South-East Poland). City benchmarking, followed by a survey among residents and SWOT/TOWS analysis, was applied. Strategic and operational goals were indicated as well as directions of activities necessary to improve the cities in the economic, social, functional, spatial and natural spheres, and to conduct an appropriate development policy in accordance with contemporary paradigms. As a result, an aggressive strategy was selected that determines how effectively to influence the improvement of the quality of life of residents and growth of Kielce as well as how to ensure the optimal development under resilience and sustainability challenges.

Kamil Gacek

The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex interdependencies between economic activities and waste generation within the Polish economy, focusing on identifying the key sectors and observing their changes in sectoral categorisation between 2010 and 2018 (the most current data available). By using Input-Output (IO) tables and analysing five pairs of backward and forward linkages, the research aims to identify the key sectors in the context of waste generation, the changes in sectoral-linkage classifications over the specified period, and the implications of these dynamics for policy-making and strategic planning in the realm of sustainable development. The findings reveal significant insights into the patterns of waste generation across different sectors, highlighting the Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, and Energy sectors as the primary contributors. The study also takes into consideration the size of sectors, which allows for the comparison of areas of the economy with different functions and scales. By including this parameter, it was possible to identify the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing sector, and two sectors from the Manufacturing group as key sectors. Moreover, the study identifies shifts in the waste generation profile of sectors, offering a nuanced understanding of the economy's structural changes in relation to waste generation. By filling an empirical knowledge gap with detailed analysis, this research not only advances the understanding of waste management strategies within Poland but also provides a valuable database for policymakers to develop targeted and effective interventions.

Wioletta Wrzaszcz, Konrad Prandecki

As a result of the European Green Deal Strategy (EGD), each EU Member State was obliged to specify own effort and aims for agriculture in formal document, i.e. national Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023-2027. The basic reference in the creation of national documents was the specificity of the country’s agriculture, as well as the possibility to undertake ambitious measures to contribute to the goals described at the European level. The aim of this paper is to analyze the EU’s Member States commitments regarding environmental and climate agricultural objectives in the broader perspective of the European Green Deal ambitions. The approach applied in the study was based on research of literature and legal documents, the European and national statement comparisons, public statistics and European Commission data analysis, which enabled the authors to conduct current and comparative analyses. The research proved the EU’s countries’ diversified engagement in environment and climate protection. Presented results indicated that the countries’ involvement in the context of EGD objectives was recognised as insufficient.

Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska, Paulina Malinowska, Ilona M. Otto

The aim of the article is to assess the level of implementation of the sustainable development principles of the L'Oréal Paris cosmetic products in marketing communication in Europe. L’Oréal relies on two complementary dimensions: transforming the company towards an increasingly sustainable business model and contributing to solving social and environmental challenges. First, a detailed financial-economic situation of L'Oréal Paris was performed. This was followed by a content analysis of the communications available on the Polish, French and German brand websites and the company's Facebook, Instagram and YouTube profiles in order to assess seven stages of a cosmetic product's life cycle. The article consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and graphical presentation of data. The practical part uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The article outlines future research direction towards continuous and clear communication between L'Oréal Paris and consumers on the level of implementation of sustainable development.

Katarzyna Chrobocińska, Katarzyna Łukiewska

The aim of the article was to assess the state and trends in the development of organic agriculture in selected European Union countries. The study presented and compared organic farming in 10 EU countries with the largest area of organic crops. The research shows that the largest area of organic crops was found in large agricultural countries of the EU, including i.e. France, Spain, and Italy, where there were the most organic farms. The only country that in 2020 exceeded the level of 25% of the share of ecological areas in the total area of the country recommended by the European Green Deal was Austria. The niche nature of organic production was related to, among others, relatively low production profitability and low demand for organic food. In such a situation, it is worth recommending activities supporting organic farming, including ecological payments and other pro-ecological solutions. 

Piotr Bołtryk, Karolina Ogrodnik

The priority goal of this article is performing a multi-criteria analysis of the development method for a selected area, along with the characteristics of the main stages of formal and legal procedures related to changing the purpose of such an area. The theoretical part reviews the literature on the multi-criteria decision support in the field of area development planning. In addition, an analysis of the selected legal regulations is made. Then, based on the example of an area located in the suburban zone of Białystok, a multi-criteria analysis is developed using selected MCDM/MCDA methods: Fuzzy AHP and PROMETHEE. The approach proposed in this paper is addressed both to entities responsible for area development planning, as well as to individual investors.

Dariusz Rajchel, Anna Rajchel

Air pollution is a global problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Climate warming, increasingly difficult access to drinking water resources, and desertification of areas have all resulted in population migrations in search of better areas to live and work. High mortality rates due to smog and crop, soil, and water pollution are just some of the problems facing the whole civilised world. In 2019, in response to these and other climate challenges, the EU adopted the Green Deal, a strategy whereby the EU member states have committed to an energy transition. Climate neutrality, according to the document, should be achieved by 2050. From 2018 to 2029, the government program “Clean Air” will be implemented in Poland with the aim of reducing environmentally damaging emissions from heating single-family houses with harmful fuel in old and polluting stoves. The article presents the program's assumptions in relation to the priorities of the European Green Deal and statistical data concerning the replacement of boilers under the “Clean Air” program by province, the use of various heat sources in Poland, as well as the demand for each heat source based on the number of applications submitted. The paper highlights two aspects related to the functioning of the “Clean Air” program, the first of which is economic in character and pertains to heat source replacement costs, whilst the second concerns the management of renewable energy sources. Statistical data referred to in this article were finalised as of December 2022.

Richard de Grijs

During the first few centuries CE, the centre of the known world gradually shifted from Alexandria to Constantinople. Combined with a societal shift from pagan beliefs to Christian doctrines, Antiquity gave way to the Byzantine era. While Western Europe entered an extended period of intellectual decline, Constantinople developed into a rich cultural crossroads between East and West. Yet, Byzantine scholarship in astronomy and geography continued to rely heavily on their ancient Greek heritage, and particularly on Ptolemy's Geography. Unfortunately, Ptolemy's choices for his geographic coordinate system resulted in inherent and significant distortions of and inaccuracies in maps centred on the Byzantine Empire. This comprehensive review of Byzantine geographic achievements -- supported by a review of astronomical developments pertaining to position determination on Earth -- aims to demonstrate why and how, when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453 and the Ottoman Empire commenced, Byzantine astronomers had become the central axis in an extensive network of Christians, Muslims and Jews. Their influence remained significant well into the Ottoman era, particularly in the context of geographical applications.

Mohammad Yousuf Mehmood, Syed Junaid Haqqani, Faraz Zaidi et al.

Cities are widely considered the lifeblood of a nations economy housing the bulk of industries, commercial and trade activities, and employment opportunities. Within this economic context, multinational corporations play an important role in this economic development of cities in particular, and subsequently the countries and regions they belong to, in general. As multinational companies are spread throughout the world by virtue of ownership-subsidiary relationship, these ties create complex inter-dependent networks of cities that shape and define socio-economic status, as well as macro-regional influences impacting the world economy. In this paper, we study these networks of cities formed as a result of ties between multinational firms. We analyze these networks using intra-regional, inter-regional and hybrid ties (conglomerate integration) as spatial motifs defined by geographic delineation of world's economic regions. We attempt to understand how global cities position themselves in spatial and economic geographies and how their ties promote regional integration along with global expansion for sustainable growth and economic development. We study these networks over four time periods from 2010 to 2019 and discover interesting trends and patterns. The most significant result is the domination of inter-regional motifs representing cross regional ties among cities rather than national and regional integration.

Harrison Nicholls, Tim Lichtenberg, Dan J. Bower et al.

Interactions between magma oceans and overlying atmospheres on young rocky planets leads to an evolving feedback of outgassing, greenhouse forcing, and mantle melt fraction. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the solidification of oxidized Earth-similar planets, but the diversity in mean density and irradiation observed in the low-mass exoplanet census motivate exploration of strongly varying geochemical scenarios. We aim to explore how variable redox properties alter the duration of magma ocean solidification, the equilibrium thermodynamic state, melt fraction of the mantle, and atmospheric composition. We develop a 1D coupled interior-atmosphere model that can simulate the time-evolution of lava planets. This is applied across a grid of fixed redox states, orbital separations, hydrogen endowments, and C/H ratios around a Sun-like star. The composition of these atmospheres is highly variable before and during solidification. The evolutionary path of an Earth-like planet at 1 AU ranges between permanent magma ocean states and solidification within 1 Myr. Recently solidified planets typically host H2O- or H2-dominated atmospheres in the absence of escape. Orbital separation is the primary factor determining magma ocean evolution, followed by the total hydrogen endowment, mantle oxygen fugacity, and finally the planet's C/H ratio. Collisional absorption by H2 induces a greenhouse effect which can prevent or stall magma ocean solidification. Through this effect, as well as the outgassing of other volatiles, geochemical properties exert significant control over the fate of magma oceans on rocky planets.

Agnieszka Becla, Jerzy Tutaj

This paper presents the partial results of research examining Lower Silesia’s municipal communication policies regarding environmental issues. This type of research is very rare in Poland. The research was carried out between 2016 and 2022. The research problem concerned the functioning of municipal information policy and the place in it of environmental issues. The formulated hypothesis, according to which the scope and forms of presentation of environmental issues are insufficient at the level of the commune and the local community, was validated and proved right. Indeed, it affected more than two-thirds of the municipalities surveyed. It was also possible to identify some of the most common mistakes in taking and implementing environmental measures in municipal information policies. The research conducted was not financed from external sources but was based on the use of the authors' own resources. None of the surveyed municipalities was interested in financing such research or even in using the results obtained.

John O. Dabiri

The world's oceans are in constant motion, transporting the sun's heat from the equator to the poles, bringing marine life fresh supplies of oxygen and nutrients, and sequestering nearly half of our carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution. Within this dynamic aquatic milieu exists another type of motion: the perpetual teeming of trillions of swimming animals. Are these organisms simply along for the ride, carried by the prevailing ocean currents and occasionally using their powers of locomotion to explore their surroundings; or could their propulsion result in dynamical feedbacks that influence the physical and biogeochemical structure of the ocean itself?

J. L. Hernández-Pastora

In the standard Einstein's theory the exterior gravitational field of any static and axially symmetric stellar object can be described by means of a single function from which we obtain a metric into a four-dimensional space-time. In this work we present a generalization of those so called Weyl solutions to a space-time-matter metric in a five-dimensional manifold within a non-compactified Kaluza-Klein theory of gravity. The arising field equations reduce to those of vacuum Einstein's gravity when the metric function associated to the fifth dimension is considered to be constant. The calculation of the geodesics allows to identify the existence or not of different behaviours of test particles, in orbits on a constant plane, between the two metrics. In addition, static solutions on the hypersurface orthogonal to the added dimension but with time dependence in the five-dimensional metric are also obtained. The consequences on the variation of the rest mass, if the fifth dimension is identified with it, are studied.

Benjamin A. Storer, Michele Buzzicotti, Hemant Khatri et al.

Since the advent of satellite altimetry, our perception of the oceanic circulation has brought into focus the pervasiveness of mesoscale eddies that have typical scales of tens to hundreds of kilometers [5], are the ocean's analogue of weather systems, and are often thought of as the peak of the ocean's kinetic energy (KE) wavenumber spectrum [7, 19, 23]. Yet, our understanding of the ocean's spatial scales has been derived mostly from Fourier analysis in small representative regions (e.g. [16, 14, 4]), typically a few hundred kilometers in size, that cannot capture the vast dynamic range at planetary scales. Here, we present the first truly global wavenumber spectrum of the oceanic circulation from satellite data and high-resolution re-analysis data, using a coarse-graining method to analyze scales much larger than what had been possible before. Spectra spanning over three orders of magnitude in length-scale reveal the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) as the spectral peak of the global extra-tropical ocean, at $\approx 10 \times 10^3~$km. We also find a previously unobserved power-law scaling over scales larger than $10^3~$km. A smaller spectral peak exists at $\approx 300~$km associated with the mesoscales, which, due to their wider spread in wavenumber space, account for more than $50\%$ of the resolved surface KE globally. Length-scales that are twice as large (up to \(10^3\)~km) exhibit a characteristic lag time of \(\approx40~\)days in their seasonal cycle, such that in both hemispheres KE at $100~$km peaks in late spring while KE at $10^3~$km peaks in late summer. The spectrum presented here affords us a new window for understanding the multiscale general oceanic circulation within Earth's climate system, including the largest planetary scales.

Daniel Levy, Avichai Snir

Recent studies in psychology and neuroscience offer systematic evidence that fictional works exert a surprisingly strong influence on readers and have the power to shape their opinions and worldviews. Building on these findings, we study what we term Potterian economics, the economic ideas, insights, and structure, found in Harry Potter books, to assess how the books might affect economic literacy. A conservative estimate suggests that more than 7.3 percent of the world population has read the Harry Potter books, and millions more have seen their movie adaptations. These extraordinary figures underscore the importance of the messages the books convey. We explore the Potterian economic model and compare it to professional economic models to assess the consistency of the Potterian economic principles with the existing economic models. We find that some of the principles of Potterian economics are consistent with economists models. Many other principles, however, are distorted and contain numerous inaccuracies, contradicting professional economists views and insights. We conclude that Potterian economics can teach us about the formation and dissemination of folk economics, the intuitive notions of naive individuals who see market transactions as a zero-sum game, who care about distribution but fail to understand incentives and efficiency, and who think of prices as allocating wealth but not resources or their efficient use.

Krzysztof Borkowski, Elżbieta Chowaniec, Marek Durmała et al.

The aim of the article is to analyse the qualitative and quantitative research conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the field of tourist traffic in the Tatra National Park. The data presented in the article focuses on the situation of limitations to spatial mobility. To show the impact of changes in terms of implementation and meeting the needs of tourist trips, the period leading up to the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic was thoroughly studied, with a period marked by severe mobility restrictions. The obtained data made it possible to present the relationship between the restrictions and satisfying mentioned needs, which is visible in the example of the number of tourists visiting the Tatra National Park in the sections of 2020, which were characterised by a different scope of restrictions on social mobility.

Martín Rodrigo y Alharilla

La firma de sendos tratados con Gran Bretaña (en 1817 y en 1835) y la ulterior aprobación, en 1845, de la Ley Penal, que castigaba con penas de cárcel a quienes se dedicaban a la trata negrera, no sirvieron, de hecho, para acabar con dicho trafico sino, tan solo, para convertirlo en ilegal y mantenerlo con la participación de agentes de todo tipo, y también de amplísimos contingentes de marineros de procedencias y nacionalidades diversas, muchos de los cuales eran españoles. A partir del relato pormenorizado de algunos ejemplos bien documentados, este trabajo pretende ofrecer un cierto acercamiento al papel que jugaron dichos marineros (sobre todo los españoles) en la trata negrera entre 1845 y 1866.

Stanisław Wrzosek, Magdalena Kisała

: Environmental protection was placed by the legislator as one of the public tasks performed by local government. Due to the fact that the local government performs decentralized tasks, which are mainly intended to meet the needs of local communities in a given territory, tasks related to the fi eld of environmental protection also serve the needs of residents of communes, poviats and voivodships in terms of the use of the environment. Therefore, the type and nature of these tasks will be adapted to the role and specialization of individual local government units. Local government units perform tasks stipulated in the existing legislation. They are also obliged to use instruments related to planning and strategic documents that take account of statutory environmental protection assumptions. In order to achieve higher effectiveness in the scope of environmental protection, local government units may take actions that facilitate the use of techniques and methods for environmental management and use quality management tools.

Martin Turbet, Francois Forget

The long-standing debate on the existence of ancient oceans on Mars has been recently revived by evidence for tsunami resurfacing events that date from the Late Hesperian geological era. It has been argued that these tsunami events originated from the impact of large meteorites on a deglaciated or nearly deglaciated ocean present in the northern hemisphere of Mars. Here we show that the presence of such a late ocean faces a paradox. If cold, the ocean should have been entirely frozen shortly after its formation, thus preventing the formation of tsunami events. If warm, the ice-free ocean should have produced fluvial erosion of Hesperian Mars terrains much more extensively than previously reported. To solve this apparent paradox, we suggest a list of possible tests and scenarios that could help to reconcile constraints from climate models with tsunami hypothesis. These scenarios could be tested in future dedicated studies.