Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Alejandro Ciuba, Zheng YY Li, Aakash Gautam

For immigrants, language preservation is crucial to maintain their identity, but the process of immigration can put a strain on a community's ability to do so. We interviewed eight Nepali immigrants to understand barriers to language preservation across sociopolitical contexts in Nepal and immigrant life in the United States. Participants described strong motivation but limited institutional support, time and resource constraints, and English-dominant environments that widen parent-child language gaps. They envisioned technology that supports interactive, family centered learning. In response, we are developing an audio-first, point-and-click language learning game based on the theory of comprehensible input, designed for parent-child co-playing. An early evaluation with four design experts reveals promising gameplay, and the need to simplify symbol-heavy UI. We conclude with implications for designing language technologies that support preservation through relations while acknowledging the limits of design.

Guillermo Prieto-Viertel, Carsten Källner, Elma Dervic et al.

Political discourse attributes the pressure on European welfare systems to foreign nationals. Yet projections of service demand rarely disaggregate service demand by citizenship status. We develop a structural demographic model and project healthcare, education, and housing demand in Austria through 2050, disaggregated by citizenship status and regions across migration scenarios. We find that migration, ageing, and fertility shape each sector differently. In healthcare, the ageing of Austrian nationals contributes 4.7 times more to demand growth than immigration, with the most acute pressures in rural, low-migration regions. In housing, migration accounts for the entire net growth in demand, concentrated in metropolitan hubs. In education, aggregate demand contracts regardless of migration assumptions, whereas future needs are driven more by the births of foreigners in Austria than by new arrivals. Foreign nationals consume services in proportion to their demographic weight, with deviations explained by age structure rather than over-utilisation. These results show that the drivers of service demand are sector-specific: migration restrictions could ease housing pressure, but would not address ageing-driven healthcare demand and may accelerate contraction in the education system.

Johannes Glack

By examining the IRO’s rehabilitation program for DPs with disabilities, this article addresses the question of how rehabilitation was organised and understood by international institutions after the Second World War. The exclusion of DPs with disabilities from resettlement led to the creation of “hard core” DPs, for whom the International Refugee Organization (IRO) established a system of rehabilitation centers. Following a year of planning in 1948, 20 centers were operational between 1949 and 1950 in West Germany, Austria, Italy and Switzerland to facilitate the rehabilitation of DPs with disabilities, thereby enabling their successful resettlement.

Rostyslav Koroliuk, Vyacheslav Nykytyuk, Vitaliy Tymoshchuk et al.

In this study, we have experimentally modelled the movement of a bee colony in a hive during the winter season and developed a monitoring system that allows tracking the movement of the bee colony and honey consumption. The monitoring system consists of four load cells connected to the RP2040 controller based on the Raspberry Pi Pico board, from which data is transmitted via the MQTT protocol to the Raspberry Pi 5 microcomputer via a Wi-Fi network. The processed data from the Raspberry Pi 5 is recorded in a MySQL database. The algorithm for finding the location of the bee colony in the hive works correctly, the trajectory of movement based on the data from the sensors repeats the physical movement in the experiment, which is an imitation of the movement of the bee colony in real conditions. The proposed monitoring system provides continuous observation of the bee colony without adversely affecting its natural activities and can be integrated with various wireless data networks. This is a promising tool for improving the efficiency of beekeeping and maintaining the health of bee colonies.

Vahid Ghafouri, Robert McNeil, Teodor Yankov et al.

We present a large-scale computational analysis of migration-related discourse in UK parliamentary debates spanning over 75 years and compare it with US congressional discourse. Using open-weight LLMs, we annotate each statement with high-level stances toward migrants and track the net tone toward migrants across time and political parties. For the UK, we extend this with a semi-automated framework for extracting fine-grained narrative frames to capture nuances of migration discourse. Our findings show that, while US discourse has grown increasingly polarised, UK parliamentary attitudes remain relatively aligned across parties, with a persistent ideological gap between Labour and the Conservatives, reaching its most negative level in 2025. The analysis of narrative frames in the UK parliamentary statements reveals a shift toward securitised narratives such as border control and illegal immigration, while longer-term integration-oriented frames such as social integration have declined. Moreover, discussions of national law about immigration have been replaced over time by international law and human rights, revealing nuances in discourse trends. Taken together broadly, our findings demonstrate how LLMs can support scalable, fine-grained discourse analysis in political and historical contexts.

Karina Arias-Calluari, Theotime Colin, Tanya Latty et al.

Honey bees face an increasing number of stressors that disrupt the natural behaviour of colonies and, in extreme cases, can lead to their collapse. Quantifying the status and resilience of colonies is essential to measure the impact of stressors and to identify colonies at risk. In this manuscript, we present and apply new methodologies to efficiently diagnose the status of a honey bee colony from widely available time series of hive and environmental temperature. Healthy hives have a remarkable ability to control temperature near the brood area. Our method exploits this fact and quantifies the status of a hive by measuring how resilient they are to extreme environmental temperatures, which act as natural stressors. Analysing 22 hives during different times of the year, including 3 hives that collapsed, we find the statistical signatures of stress that reveal whether honeybees are doing well or are at risk of failure. Based on these analyses, we propose a simple scale of hive status (stable, warning, and collapse) that can be determined based on a few temperature measurements. Our approach offers a lower-cost and practical bee-monitoring solution, providing a non-invasive way to track hive conditions and trigger interventions to save the hives from collapse.

Liliana Harding, Ciprian Panzaru

This study explores how refugees' destination preferences evolve during transit, with a focus on Central and Eastern Europe, particularly Romania. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyse data from the International Organization for Migration's (IOM) Flow Monitoring Surveys and complement it with qualitative insights from focus group discussions with refugees. The quantitative analysis reveals that refugees' preferences for destination countries often change during transit, influenced by factors such as safety concerns, asylum conditions, education, and the presence of relatives at the destination. Our results support the application of bounded rationality and human capital theory, showing that while economic opportunities are important, safety becomes the dominant concern during transit. The qualitative analysis adds depth to these findings, highlighting the role of political instability, social networks, and economic hardships as initial migration drivers. Additionally, the study reveals how refugees reassess their destination choices based on their experiences in transit countries, with Romania emerging as a viable settlement destination due to its relative stability and access to asylum procedures. This research contributes to migration studies by challenging the traditional view of transit countries and offering new insights into the fluid nature of refugee decision-making.

Azam Imomov

The paper discusses the continuous-time Markov Branching Process allowing Immigration. We are considering a critical case for which the second moment of offspring law and the first moment of immigration law are possibly infinite. Assuming that the nonlinear parts of the appropriate generating functions are regularly varying in the sense of Karamata, we prove theorems on convergence of transition functions of the process to invariant measures. We deduce the speed rate of these convergence providing that slowly varying factors are with the remainder.

Z. R. M. Abdullah Kaiser

Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to natural calamities such as flooding, cyclones, droughts, and severe riverbank erosion as a deltaic country. Riverbank erosion brings about terrible consequences such as loss of land, human displacement, social isolation, and physical and mental well-being problems. The study used a mixed-method research approach and a multi-method data collection procedure to analyse the impact of riverbank erosion on livelihood and health. Households of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) due to riverbank erosion in Bangladesh's Lakshmipur district were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and an unstructured interview schedule to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Thematic content analysis, and descriptive statistics were applied to identify how riverbank erosion is inextricably linked to the IDPs' socio-economic conditions and well-being vulnerability. The findings show that riverbank erosion is responsible for the IDPs' livelihood uncertainty and substantial health concerns. Uncertainty about livelihood gives rise to socio-economic instability, poverty, diseases, and medical expenses. On top of that, the displaced people faced several difficulties, including no land ownership, living in substandard housing, no access to power, use of unhygienic toilets, social isolation, and anxiety. The research also finds inadequate government or non-governmental master plans for IDPs to overcome miserable conditions. The study results will help policymakers in Bangladesh and elsewhere to better understand the needs of vulnerable riverine communities and to design and implement policies and programmes to improve those communities' capacity to withstand shocks and recover quickly.

Rong-Li Liu, Yan-Xia Ren, Yingrui Wang

Let $X^I_n$ be the coalescence time of two particles picked at random from the $n$th generation of a critical Galton-Watson process with immigration, and let $A^I_n$ be the coalescence time of the whole population in the $n$th generation. In this paper, we study the limiting behaviors of $X^I_n$ and $A^I_n$ as $n\to\infty$.

Vyoma Raman, Catherine Vera, CJ Manna

In this study, we introduce a novel two-pronged scoring system to measure individual and systemic bias in immigration courts under the U.S. Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR). We analyze nearly 6 million immigration court proceedings and 228 case features to build on prior research showing that U.S. asylum decisions vary dramatically based on factors that are extraneous to the merits of a case. We close a critical gap in the literature of variability metrics that can span space and time. Using predictive modeling, we explain 58.54% of the total decision variability using two metrics: partisanship and inter-judge cohort consistency. Thus, whether the EOIR grants asylum to an applicant or not depends in majority on the combined effects of the political climate and the individual variability of the presiding judge - not the individual merits of the case. Using time series analysis, we also demonstrate that partisanship increased in the early 1990s but plateaued following the turn of the century. These conclusions are striking to the extent that they diverge from the U.S. immigration system's commitments to independence and due process. Our contributions expose systemic inequities in the U.S. asylum decision-making process, and we recommend improved and standardized variability metrics to better diagnose and monitor these issues.

De Luca, Gaia

In many respects, classics may be considered as a language, that was aptly used to legitimate the imperialist exploitation of white people over the so called “Third World countries”. My paper is aimed at understanding whether and to which extent the Greco-Roman Antiquity as such can become a tool for telling a submerged history and for bringing forth its non hegemonic subjects. I will take into consideration a collective experience conducted by a theatre company in the south of Italy during the summer of 2018. Through a workshop involving immigrant people in the city of Palermo, Ali Farah, a Somali-Italian writer, staged an experimental rewriting of Sophocles’ Antigone, which starts from the telling of personal stories of migration through the Mediterranean sea. Grounding my analysis in the comparison between Antigone’s defiance of the power and the crossing of borders, I will underline the revolutionary message that the rewriting of this myth in contemporary Fortress Europe delivers.

Claire Zalc

How should relations between migration and persecution in the 20th century be understood? This article presents three ways of approaching these two intrinsically intertwined histories that are usually treated separately, one being caught up in turning points of transnational politics while the other has a microhistorical focus. Firstly, to account for the construction of a distinction between “migrants” and “refugees”, secondly, to study the mechanisms of persecution in relation to nationality policies, and thirdly, to reconstruct the migratory paths of groups of individuals subjected to persecution, and to do all of this within a perspective of global microhistory.

Sunit Shantanu Digamber Fulari

There is great potential if we understand how nature functions, particularly the animals taking down from the ant to the larger animals. In this paper we will make an attempt to learn about ants colonization processing by studying their behaviour. Earlier there was particle swarm optimization which helped to solve many scientific problems. Ants communication with each other, their peculiar behaviour of working, colonization, their movements from one place to another, there is large potential in understanding their entire life to design a better 5G antenna.

Renata Guedes Mourão Macedo, Gabriel Delatin de Toledo, Vivian Batista da Silva

O artigo apresenta o projeto Gênero e Sexualidade da Escola de Aplicação da FEUSP, criado no início dos anos 1990 com o título Orientação Sexual Adolescente. A partir de entrevistas realizadas com dois professores envolvidos no projeto, bem como da análise de documentos escolares, o artigo discute os desafios, transformações e avanços dessa discussão na escola nesses quase 30 anos de debate com adolescentes e jovens sobre temas como identidade de gênero, sexualidade, gravidez na adolescência e saúde. Por meio da memória de dois professores da escola, reconstituímos algumas transformações e desafios enfrentados pelo projeto desde sua criação, nos anos 1990, até 2020, já em contexto de pandemia de COVID-19.

Thiago Gehre Galvão, Bruna de Paula Miranda Pereira, Mauricio Kenyatta Barros da Costa

The history of international relations of Brazil and Venezuela is fundamental for South American security and stability. The Venezuelan-Brazilian migratory crisis (2015-2021) created a certain level of uncertainty but also generated confidence-building measures capable of mobilizing public opinion, integrating governmental public policies, inducing multilevel and multiactor coordination, and networking international organizations with civil society organizations. By critically assessing Brazilian-Venezuelan border relations we could draw some insights on how to think on security and humanitarian functioning in 21st Century global politics. An in-depth perspective based on historical bilateral relations makes it possible to realize that today's Venezuelan-Brazilian migratory crisis connects itself to multiple tensions of the past that echoes through the present and paves the way to re-imagine the future of South America’s international relations. The historical background produces, at the same time, nodes of tension and the platform of the strategic partnership between Brazil and Venezuela. In the second part, we move on to critically thinking on ideas, discourses, and actions taken in face of. The Venezuelan-Brazilian border relations under a migratory crisis make the case for an improved context of defense, security, and humanitarian politics grounded on confidence-building measures, envisioning the future of a strategic partnership.

Renan Vidal Mina, Oswaldo Mário Serra Truzzi

Resumo À medida que a pandemia do coronavírus impacta as condições sanitárias e socioeconômicas dos imigrantes pelo mundo afora, este artigo propõe um breve retorno ao passado brasileiro, recuperando as experiências de imigrados italianos em Campinas em fins do século XIX, igualmente atingidos por sucessivos surtos de febre amarela. Objetiva-se analisar os auxílios dos peninsulares no combate à peste através de um “hospital” adaptado na sede do Circolo Italiani Uniti (1881). Por meio de uma sistematização analítica das memórias registradas em atas pelos integrantes do sodalício e do seu cruzamento com outras fontes da época, desenvolve-se aqui um estudo de história local, em que os documentos são examinados sociologicamente, contextualizando o que está dito e os fatos.

Jacqueline Nakaiza

Characterized as modern-day slavery, human trafficking has attracted the attention of scholars, legislators and law enforcers in many countries. A major gap in efforts to curb the problem, however, relates to the fact that attention is being paid primarily to legislation; prosecution and punishment of traffickers; and rehabilitation of the survivors of trafficking. Efforts to support people who are still trapped in trafficking situations are generally nonexistent. This paper reports the findings of a study that attempted to respond to the need to support these people by generating information on the routes by which victims of trafficking in Uganda escape bondage. Using interview, data were collected from twenty-six survivors of trafficking on the ways through which they escaped and the factors that supported their escape. The findings were that the victims of trafficking had escaped by: 1) acquiring the (financial) resources they needed to escape the bondage of forced labor; or 2) getting referred to organizations where they obtained the support that they needed to exit bondage. Yet—it was also found—information on support for the victims of trafficking is generally unavailable and victims accessed it after they had been bonded in trafficking situations for a while. It is concluded that the limited availability of this information is a major factor in sustaining the bondage of the victims of trafficking because it ensures that victims are unable to seek/ obtain help even if it is available. Hence, the government, faith-based and civil society organizations providing support for victims of trafficking are urged to expand the reach of information on the support services that they offer.

Riccardo Ben Alì Zinati, Charlie Duclut, Saeed Mahdisoltani et al.

The interplay between cellular growth and cell-cell signaling is essential for the aggregation and proliferation of bacterial colonies, as well as for the self-organization of cell tissues. To investigate this interplay, we focus here on the collective properties of dividing chemotactic cell colonies by studying their long-time and large-scale dynamics through a renormalization group (RG) approach. The RG analysis reveals that a relevant but unconventional chemotactic interaction -- corresponding to a polarity-induced mechanism -- is generated by fluctuations at macroscopic scales, even when an underlying mechanism is absent at the microscopic level. This emerges from the interplay of the well-known Keller--Segel (KS) chemotactic nonlinearity and cell birth and death processes. At one-loop order, we find no stable fixed point of the RG flow equations. We discuss a connection between the dynamics investigated here and the celebrated Kardar--Parisi--Zhang (KPZ) equation with long-range correlated noise, which points at the existence of a strong-coupling, nonperturbative fixed point.

Henry Bakis