Hasil untuk "Automation"

John D. Lee, N. Moray

J. M. Lee, C. Kubota, S. Tsao et al.

D. Kaber, M. Endsley

Khusvinder Gill, Shuanghua Yang, Fang Yao et al.

In recent years, the home environment has seen a rapid introduction of network enabled digital technology. This technology offers new and exciting opportunities to increase the connectivity of devices within the home for the purpose of home automation. Moreover, with the rapid expansion of the Internet, there is the added potential for the remote control and monitoring of such network enabled devices. However, the adoption of home automation systems has been slow. This paper identifies the reasons for this slow adoption and evaluates the potential of ZigBee for addressing these problems through the design and implementation of a flexible home automation architecture. A ZigBee based home automation system and Wi-Fi network are integrated through a common home gateway. The home gateway provides network interoperability, a simple and flexible user interface, and remote access to the system. A dedicated virtual home is implemented to cater for the system's security and safety needs. To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system, four devices, a light switch, radiator valve, safety sensor and ZigBee remote control have been developed and evaluated with the home automation system.

R. King, J. Rowland, S. Oliver et al.

Carles Gomez, J. Aspas

Bo Hu, Fanfan Wu, Pengchao Zhang et al.

Detecting small insulator defects in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery remains challenging due to low resolution, complex backgrounds and scale variation, which degrade the performance of existing detectors. This study aims to develop a highly efficient and accurate model for real-time insulator defect inspection on resource-constrained UAV platforms. This paper proposes POLD-YOLO, a novel lightweight object detector based on YOLO11. The key innovations include: (1) A backbone enhanced by a PoolingFormer module and Channel-wise Gated Linear Units (CGLUs) to boost feature extraction efficiency; (2) An Omni-Dimensional Adaptive Downsampling (OD-ADown) module for multi-scale feature extraction with low complexity; (3) A Lightweight Shared Convolutional Detection Head (LSCD-Head) to minimize the number of parameters; (4) A Focaler-MPDIoU loss function to improve bounding box regression. Extensive experiments conducted on a self-built UAV insulator defect dataset show that POLD-YOLO achieves a state-of-the-art mAP@0.5 of 92.4%, outperforming YOLOv5n, YOLOv8n, YOLOv10n, and YOLO11n by 3.6%, 1.6%, 1.4%, and 1.6%, respectively. Notably, it attains this superior accuracy with only 1.55 million parameters and 3.8 GFLOPs. POLD-YOLO establishes a new Pareto front for accuracy-efficiency for onboard defect detection. It demonstrates great potential for automated power line inspection and can be extended to other real-time aerial vision tasks.

MASTAC LAVINIA , FILIP COSMIN , TRANDAFIR RALUCA ANDREEA

The realm of construction is presently experiencing a remarkable metamorphosis, propelled by advancements in technology, economic imperatives, and a growing insistence on sustainability. This study examines the central themes of construction research through a bibliometric approach. The VOSviewer software was used to identify relationships and trends between concepts such as digitalization, innovation, sustainability and cost management. The results indicate an increasing focus on the integration of advanced technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), automation and resource management. The geographical distribution of the research highlights the dominance of countries such as China, the United States and the United Kingdom, alongside emerging contributions from regions such as Malaysia and Hong Kong. Nevertheless, considerable disparities endure, particularly within rising economies. The insufficient allocation of resources towards research and development for small and medium enterprises serves as a significant impediment to the broad embrace of advanced technologies. The study highlights the need for an interdisciplinary approach, where collaboration with fields such as economics, management, ecology and human resources is necessary to maximize the potential of the industry. The study underscores the significance of bespoke public policies and efficacious international collaborations to foster the extensive embrace of innovative technologies and sustainable solutions.

Gaguk Suprianto

  Di Indonesia, tumbuhan rimpang dikenal sebagai sumber bahan pengobatan tradisional. Bahan-bahan tersebut dapat dijadikan minuman herbal dalam bentuk serbuk. Salah satu pengolahan produk tersebut berupa pengeringan yang merupakan proses penting dalam industri herbal dan memiliki implikasi langsung terhadap kualitas akhir produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengeringan rimpang, menjaga konsistensi kualitas produk dan optimasi proses produksi. Sehingga industri akan memperoleh manfaat mulai dari peningkatan kualitas rimpang, waktu pengeringan yang lebih singkat, peningkatan kapasitas produksi dan pengurangan biaya produksi. Teknologi Internet of Things dapat dimanfaatkan untuk proses pengeringan rimpang sebagai sistem otomatisasi, kendali dan pemantauan yang dapat dilakukan secara jarak jauh melalui aplikasi mobile. Lebih dari itu, dengan IoT data sensor yang diperoleh terkelola di database untuk keperluan analisa. Hasil uji lapangan untuk pengujian error diperoleh rata-rata persentase error 1,5% dan pengujian akurasi diperoleh rata-rata persentase akurasi sebesar 98,49%. Merujuk pada hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sensor thermocouple dapat diandalkan. Untuk pengukuran kadar air kunyit dengan berat awal 30 Kg memerlukan waktu selama 7 jam untuk mencapai kadar air 9-10%. Hal ini karena batas atas suhu yang diatur sebesar 50ºC untuk menjaga kandungan nutrisi pada rimpang. Pemanfaatan Internet of Things terbukti dapat digunakan untuk membantu proses pengeringan rimpang baik dari pemantauan dan pengendalian perangkat melalui aplikasi mobile. Diharapkan penelitian ini menjadi suatu rujukan untuk industri herbal yang ingin meningkatkan kualitas produk dengan biaya yang produksi yang minimum.   Abstract In Indonesia, rhizome plants are known as a source of traditional medicinal ingredients. These ingredients can be made into herbal drinks in powder form. One of the product processes is drying, which is an important process in the herbal industry and has direct implications for the final quality of the product. This research aims to increase the efficiency of rhizome drying, maintain consistent product quality and optimize the production process. So the industry will gain benefits starting from improving rhizome quality, shorter drying time, increasing production capacity and reducing production costs. Internet of Things technology can be used for the rhizome drying process as an automation, control and monitoring system that can be done remotely via a mobile application. Moreover, with IoT the sensor data obtained is managed in a database for analysis purposes. Field test results for error testing obtained an average error percentage of 1.5% and accuracy testing obtained an average accuracy percentage of 98.49%. Referring to these results shows that the thermocouple sensor is reliable. To measure the water content of turmeric with an initial weight of 30 kg, it takes 7 hours to reach a water content of 9-10%. This is because the upper temperature limit is set at 50ºC to maintain the nutritional content of the rhizomes. It has been proven that the use of the Internet of Things can be used to assist the rhizome drying process by monitoring and controlling devices via mobile applications. It is hoped that this research will become a reference for the herbal industry that wants to improve product quality with minimum production costs.

Yangwu Shen, Feifan Shen, Heping Jin et al.

Abstract Natural disasters would destroy power grids and lead to blackouts. To enhance resilience of distribution systems, the sequential load restoration strategy can be adopted to restore outage portions using a sequence of control actions, such as switch on/off, load pickup, distributed energy resource dispatch etc. However, the traditional strategy may be unable to restore the distribution system in extreme weather events due to random sequential contingencies during the restoration process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributionally robust sequential load restoration strategy to determine restoration actions. Firstly, a novel multi‐time period and multi‐zone contingency occurrence uncertainty set is constructed to model spatial and temporal nature of sequential line contingencies caused by natural disasters. Then, a distributionally robust load restoration model considering uncertain line contingency probability distribution is formulated to maximize the expected restored load amount with respect to the worst‐case line contingency probability distribution. Case studies were carried out on the modified IEEE 123‐node system. Simulation results show that the proposed distributionally robust sequential load restoration strategy can produce a more resilient load restoration strategy against random sequential contingencies. Moreover, as compared with the conventional robust restoration strategy, the proposed strategy yields a less conservative restoration solution.

Yaoyi He, Mingzhi Jiao

Carbon monoxide can cause severe harm to humans even at low concentrations. Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) carbon monoxide gas sensors have excellent sensing performance regarding sensitivity, selectivity, response speed, and stability, making them very desirable candidates for carbon monoxide monitoring. However, MOS gas sensors generally work at temperatures higher than room temperature, and need a heating source that causes high power consumption. High power consumption is a great problem for long-term portable monitoring devices for point-of-care or wireless sensor nodes for IoT application. Room-temperature MOS carbon monoxide gas sensors can function well without a heater, making them rather suitable for IoT or portable applications. This review first introduces the primary working mechanism of MOS carbon monoxide sensors and then gives a detailed introduction to and analysis of room-temperature MOS carbon monoxide sensing materials, such as ZnO, SnO₂, and TiO₂. Lastly, several mechanisms for room-temperature carbon monoxide sensors based on MOSs are discussed. The review will be interesting to engineers and researchers working on MOS gas sensors.

Shirly Sudhakaran, R Maheswari, V Kanchana Devi

RFID (radio frequency identification) is a progressively adopted technology in today’s automated world. Wireless technologies have enabled contactless payments, tracking, identifying, and many more features in a system that can be introduced to build a smart environment. This work overviews the usage of the IoT (Internet of Things) platform for tracking passengers and enabling online payments through wireless sensors and RFID technology in Chennai Suburban Railways. The tracking system consists of an RFID reader that can locate and track passive as well as mobile objects attached with passive RFID tags. The proposed system incorporates the installation of RFID readers at every entrance and exit of the railway station, and every passenger carries their own RFID tags. This not only enables online payments for passengers but also helps the government in tracking the crowd for demand monitoring. The new methodology creates a digital workspace and enforces lawful safety regulations both for the administration and the consumers. A prototype of the proposed system is implemented in real-time to understand the workings of the system. Data collection is done through RFID tags that act as transit cards and an analysis for consumer demand is done using the DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise) algorithm with a Randomized KD-tree for the analysis of spatial and temporal patterns. A new algorithm, the iDBSCAN (improved Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise) algorithm is proposed for faster performance on the datasets.

Mohamed Haikel Chehab, Chokri Ben Salah, Ruben Zieba Falama et al.

Nowadays, microgrids (MGs) are receiving a lot of attention. In an economical MG, the battery energy storage system (BESS) plays an important role. One of the biggest challenges in MGs is the optimal choice of the BESS that can lead to better performance of the MG, which will be more flexible, efficient, and effective than traditional power systems. In this paper, we present the modeling and simulation of different energy storage systems including Li-ion, lead-acid, nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-metal hybrid (Ni-Mh), and supercapacitor (SC), for renewable energy applications, and more specifically for MGs. The results of simulation show that Li-ion batteries have a better response time than lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, and Ni-Mh batteries and thus are more suitable for combination with supercapacitors. Li-ion batteries are the best option for fast-charging applications in MGs. The discharge phase ends with SOC ≤ ±94%, SOC ≤ ±95%, SOC = 95%, SOC < 95%, and SOC < 60%, respectively, for Li-ion, lead-acid, Ni-Cd, Ni-Mh, and supercapacitor. Moreover, the use of the battery management system (BMS) can significantly improve the performance of BESS, leading to higher levels of SOC and longer life span. The obtained results have shown that with an optimization algorithm for energy storage systems, more specifically for the battery-charging mode, the response time of BESSs can be further improved. The effect of ambient temperature has also been investigated on the functional capacities of the batteries. The obtained results demonstrated that extreme temperatures (80°C to −80°C) have a significant impact on battery performance and capacity, especially for Li-ion batteries, with a drop in capacity of up to 50% at −40°C. This highlights the importance of considering the ambient temperature in the design and operation of MGs. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the optimal selection of BESS and the impact of ambient temperature on their performance, which can help in the development of more efficient and reliable MGs.

Juuso Österman, Philipp Schicho, Aleksi Vuorinen

Abstract Both nonzero temperature and chemical potentials break the Lorentz symmetry present in vacuum quantum field theory by singling out the rest frame of the heat bath. This leads to complications in the application of thermal perturbation theory, including the appearance of novel infrared divergences in loop integrals and an apparent absence of four-dimensional integration-by-parts (IBP) identities, vital for high-order computations. Here, we propose a new strategy that enables the use of IBP techniques in the evaluation of Feynman integrals, in particular vacuum or bubble diagrams, in the limit of vanishing temperature T but nonzero chemical potentials μ. The central elements of the new setup include a contour representation for the temporal momentum integral, the use of a small but nonzero T as an IR regulator, and the systematic application of both temporal and spatial differential operators in the generation of linear relations among the loop integrals of interest. The relations we derive contain novel inhomogeneous terms featuring differentiated Fermi-Dirac distribution functions, which severely complicate calculations at nonzero temperature, but are shown to reduce to solvable lower-dimensional objects as T tends to zero. Pedagogical example computations are kept at the one- and two-loop levels, but the application of the new method to higher-order calculations is discussed in some detail.

Zejiang Song, Zhijie Li, Weishen Zhan et al.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is widely used as a detection method in scientific research fields. However, the method for creating SERS substrates often requires expensive equipment and involves a complex process. Additionally, preserving and effectively utilizing SERS substrates in the long term poses a challenging problem. In order to address these issues, we propose a new method for creating SERS substrates on various types of paper using a combination of a ballpoint pen and 3D printing. This method ensures a high enhancement factor and maximizes the utilization of the substrate. We achieved an enhancement factor of up to 8.2 × 10⁸ for detecting R6G molecules, with a relative standard deviation of 11.13% for the Raman peak at 612 cm⁻¹ of R6G, demonstrating excellent SERS sensitivity and spectral reproducibility. Furthermore, we successfully detected thiram at a concentration as low as 10⁻⁸, which is lower than both the Chinese national standard and European standard.