Metropolitan areas have become the primary spatial form for China’s new-era urbanization. However, these boundaries have traditionally been delineated based on administrative factors, resulting in a notable discrepancy with the actual functional connections. To tackle this challenge, this study aims to devise and implement an innovative ‘PET’ tri-dimensional coupling model, leveraging the principles of integrated urban subsystems to scientifically delineate functional metropolitan boundaries. The proposed method integrates Population flow (P), Economic density (E), and Transportation accessibility (T) on a fine-grained 1 km raster grid. To enhance accuracy, the crucial population flow component is simulated using a gravity model calibrated with real-world Baidu Migration data. Applying this model to 35 potential metropolitan areas, our findings reveal two key points. First, a comparative analysis with five officially approved plans reveals a significant spatial alignment in core functional zones, which corroborates the model’s accuracy. effectiveness. Secondly, these delineations clearly quantify the notable difference between the ‘functional space’ influenced by socioeconomic factors and the ‘administrative space’ delineated by jurisdictional boundaries. In summary, this research presents a replicable methodology for delineating functional metropolitan areas. It offers vital technical support and policy guidance for optimizing regional planning, enhancing inter-city coordination, and promoting China’s national strategy for regional development.
Zusammenfassung
Alexander von Humboldt beschäftigte sich seit den frühen 1790er Jahren mit der Pfl anzengeographie. In seinen „Ideen zu einer Geographie der Pfl anzen“ (1807) stellte er ein Forschungsfeld vor, das Mensch und Natur, Ästhetik und quantitative Wissenschaften umfasst. Die vorliegende Arbeit schlägt einen neuen Zugang zu diesem komplexen Forschungsprogramm vor. Eine genaue Lektüre der pflanzengeographischen Aufzeichnungen, die er während
seiner Amerikareise anfertigte, gibt Einblick in den situativen und zuweilen zufälligen Charakter von Humboldts Wissenschaft. Humboldt glich seine Erfahrungen in den Tropen mit vorgefassten europäischen Vorstellungen von Naturgeschichte ab. Die Reiseroute selbst und die persönlichen Begegnungen spielten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ausgestaltung von Humboldts pfl anzengeographischen
Überlegungen.
Abstract
Alexander von Humboldt studied plant geography from the early 1790s onwards. In the “Essay on the Geography of Plants” (1807) he presents a field of science that encompasses man and nature, aesthetics and quantitative sciences. This paper suggests a novel approach to this complex research program. A close reading of the notes on plant geography taken during his American voyage gives insight into the situational and at times contingent nature of Humboldt’s science. Humboldt aligned his experience of the Tropics with preconceived European notions of natural history. The travel
route itself and personal encounters played a significant part in reshaping Humboldt’s plantgeographical ideas.
Résumé
Alexander von Humboldt étudia la géographie des plantes dès le début des années 1790. Dans son « Essai sur la géographie des plantes » (1807), il présente un domaine scientifi que qui englobe l’homme et la nature, l’esthétique et les sciences quantitatives. Cet article propose une nouvelle approche de ce programme de recherche complexe. Une lecture approfondie des notes sur la géographie des plantes prises au cours de son voyage en Amérique donne un aperçu de la nature situationnelle et parfois casuelle de la science de Humboldt. Humboldt a aligné son expérience des Tropiques sur les notions européennes d’histoire naturelle préconçues. L’itinéraire du voyage luimême et les rencontres personnelles ont joué un rôle important dans le remodelage des idées phytogéographiques de Humboldt.
<i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrient sensor and stress receptor, which target multiple substrates with spatio-temporal analysis specifically to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions. Our review gives a brief description of <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation and its only two processing enzymes and HBP flux, which will help to better understand its physiological characteristics of sensing nutrition and environmental cues. This nutritional and stress-sensitive properties of <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation allow it to participate in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. This review discusses the mechanism of <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation to alleviate metabolic disorders and the controversy about the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. The level of global <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation is precisely controlled and maintained in the “optimal zone”, and its abnormal changes is a potential factor in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes and diabetic complications. Although the essential role of <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle physiology has been widely studied and recognized, it still is underestimated and overlooked. This review highlights the latest progress and potential mechanisms of <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and structural properties.
Objective While complaints of pain, loss of strength, and numbness radiating to the neck and arm are common in patients due to cervical disc degeneration, vertigo is a rare symptom. The articles previously published on the subject focus on single-level disk degeneration and its correlation with vertigo. However, in the case of multilevel cervical discopathy, its effect on the severity of vertigo and its response to surgical treatment has not been clarified. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to shed light on the topic.
In accordance with the Copenhagen Criteria EU membership requires the candidate country
to achieve a certain level in minority protection, but up until now there has been no definite
answer as to what actually constitutes this rule in practice. For the first time, Serbia was
expected to adopt a specific framework document, the so-called Action Plan for the Exercise
of the Rights of National Minorities in order to open negotiations on Chapter 23 of its EU
integration negotiations. Whether or not this precondition, determined by the EU means
that successful accession is conditioned by respect for national minority rights in candidate
member states in the future. In the case of Macedonia constant pre-accession monitoring
has been carried out and reported in the country’s progress reports. Although Serbia and
Macedonia occupy different stages in the EU integration process, both contain in their national
minority policy sensitive issues that are very similar in their nature. The paper provides a
short overview of the (non)-existing EU standards in national minority protection in general,
and analyses the most relevant aspects of this issue from the perspective of Serbia and
Macedonia.
Estudio la respuesta política que los gobiernos de Fernando VII dieron, entre 1814 y 1817, a la decisión de las grandes potencias vencedoras de Napoleón de no compartir las decisiones importantes con las potencias que pasaron a considerar “menores”, entre las que destaca una España que había colaborado en la derrota de Napoleón y que, formalmente, conservaba todavía un amplio imperio ultramarino.
The article deal with the version of participation in the events of the French revolution of secret organizations, proposed by Catholic priest and publicist Augustin Barruel. According to the emigrant abbot, who became a witness and participant in the revolutionary processes, those events were organized by the conspirators represented by philosophers-enlighteners, masons and illuminati, who joined after 1789 in the Club of the Jacobins. A. Barruel shared his views in a multivolume work, which was published in London at the very end of the 18th century. The book aroused great interest and was translated into many languages, including Russian. From that moment, a “black legend” was approved in the assessment of the European Masonic movement. This legend explained all the revolutionary events by a destructive “Masonic conspiracy”. The author focuses the research on characterizing the real causes that had become the catalyst for the French revolution. In the context of criticism of Barruel’s views, the assessments are also given to the evolution of the Masonic movement in France of the 18th century. The author touches upon a very important problem of transformation of national Masonic organizations. This problem is considered in the context of the formation of the structures of the Great East of France. The article notes the close relationship of this structure with the elite and the Royal court. The undertaken analysis is based on the special literature and the original sources, such as The Constitutions by James Anderson – the first printed constitution of the premier Grand Lodge of England; Memoires by Augustin Barruel.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, International relations
Tünde Csapóné Riskó, Ádám Péntek, Troy Wiwczaroski
Gluten is a protein found in many grain products. Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder characterized by sensitivity to gluten. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, his/her immune system perceives the gluten to be a harmful substance and reacts negatively. The only treatment for individuals with celiac disease is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. It is one of the most frequent and well defined of all lifelong diseases. In Hungary, 1-2 % of the population is said to be affected, but only every 10th has been diagnosed. Bread is a basic and frequently consumed food made principally from wheat. Gluten is the main structure-forming protein in flour, and is responsible for the elastic characteristics of dough, and contributes to the crumb structure and appearance of many baked products. Gluten removal results in major problems for bakers. Currently many gluten-free products available on the market are of low quality, exhibiting poor mouth feel and flavour. People wishing to eat bread in the gluten-free diet basically have two options: buying or baking the bread for themselves. There are several gluten-free bread brands are available on the Hungarian market. The price, ingredients, texture, colour, softness of the available breads are different. There is a rather good choice in gluten-free flour mixtures on the Hungarian market, as well. The composition of these mixtures are also different. The aim of our empirical research was to investigate the gluten-free bread consumption habits of people following gluten-free diet. The research was carried out using Google forms in January 2017. Size of the sample is 196. The online form was shared in four closed gluten free Facebook groups in Hungary since they are really active in sharing information concerning gluten-free lifestyle and diet. Summarizing, in this study we wish to examine how evolve the world pork meat production, trade and consumption, and to demonstrate the main consuming countries, highlighting the role of China, as it is the most populated country in the world with its 1.4 billion inhabitants.
JEL Code: M31
Zusammenfassung
Der Bezug auf Kolumbus ist ein Gemeinplatz der Humboldtbiographik. Humboldt selbst betont ihn besonders in seinem Examen critique, wo er eine autobiographische Dimension gewinnt. Der Beitrag geht aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive dem Material und den Formen der Inszenierung nach, mit denen ein Leben über ein anderes dargestellt wird.
Résumé
La référence à Colomb est un lieu commun de la biographie humboldtienne. Humboldt lui-même le souligne particulièrement dans son Examen critique, en y ajoutant une dimension autobiographique. La contribution analyse, dans une perspective philologique, le matériel et les formes de mise en scène avec lesquelles une vie est représentée au travers d'une autre.
Summary
The reference to Columbus is a commonplace in Humboldt-biography. Humboldt himself is using it in his Examen critique which subjoins a auto-biographical dimension. This articel examines from a philological point of view the materials and literary strategies by which one life comes to represent another.
Raquel de la Arada, Jordi Garcia Farrero, Conrad Vilanou Torrano
En este artículo se analizan las relaciones entre la literatura y los ideales formativos de André Maurois (1885-1967). Se revisan sus años de formación a la sombra del filósofo Alain, su profesor en el Liceo de Ruan. Se destaca la presencia de elementos militares en su universo pedagógico hasta el punto de que la obra educativa de la Tercera República francesa (1870-1940) se entiende a la luz de la combinación entre la inteligencia y las armas, esto es, entre el liceo y el cuartel. Maurois viajó por los Estados Unidos y, preocupado por el ambiente de crisis de la década de los años veinte y treinta, se inspiró en el mariscal Hubert Lyautey, a fin de determinar las características del arte de mandar que, junto al arte de pensar, de amar, de trabajar y de envejecer, configuran los distintos aspectos del Arte de vivir (1939) que se inscribe en la mejor de las tradiciones pedagógicas francesas (Montaigne, Rousseau, Alain), que destaca la importancia del oficio de vivir. En última instancia, y desde una posición burguesa amante del orden, Maurois pretende que el ser humano lleve una vida feliz, en sintonía con los valores republicanos heredados de la Revolución de 1789. En suma, Maurois fue un intelectual que combinó tradición y modernidad en un mundo cambiante que, después de la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), dejó atrás las aparentes seguridades de la Belle Époque, sin perder de vista el horizonte de la felicidad humana al margen de cualquier consideración metafísica. Su obra tuvo una gran repercusión en España antes y después de la Guerra Civil, circunstancia que este trabajo intenta poner de manifiesto, con lo cual contribuyó decididamente a cambiar la moral pública de nuestro país.
El texto recorre la historia del movimiento estudiantil y la movilización juvenil, desde la Revolución Francesa de 1789 hasta las más recientes expresiones de contestación en contra del neoliberalismo y el capitalismo global. Enfatizando los momentos emblemáticos de la protesta juvenil y estudiantil como: “El Cordobazo” de 1918, Mayo del 68 en París, el Movimiento por los Derechos Civiles en USA y una apretada memoria del movimiento estudiantil en Colombia.
Naine Terena de Jesus, Katia Morosov Alonso, Cristiano Maciel
Este artigo apresenta um breve levantamento sobre a presença indígena na internet, em especial na rede social Facebook, a fim de verificar como se dá a autorrepresentação e a construção das narrativas indígenas nesse ambiente, onde optou-se por delimitar o escopo de pesquisa à observação dos perfis de instituições indígenas de Mato Grosso que tragam a representatividade de comunidades/aldeias.
Latin America. Spanish America, Social sciences (General)
The requirements in terms of information availability, risk precaution and control in the food industry continue to increase. In this context the interest of companies in the Total Quality Management (TQM) approach is also increasing. This development attracts notice to Business Excellence and connected systems. Similarly, various quality management tools and techniques are available. In this regard a research project analyzed to what extent the companies in the food industry apply different activities of the TQM scheme. The research calculates the importance that the companies attach to different requirements of TQM and how they implement them. Additionally, statistical analysis provides evidence that there is a positive correlation between the implementation of the activities of TQM and the medium- to longterm success of a company. In this article the methodology and major findings of this research project are presented.
The complement fixation test (CFT) is a method used for the detection of antibodies against pathogens of infectious diseases, it has been proved to be a useful diagnostic method in the detection of acute disease in many medical laboratories.The test performed manually is time consuming and needs very skilled personnel.This study evaluates the automated Chorus CFT system with 87 serum samples in comparison with manual method using Virion-Serion reagents, against a panel of antigens, such as Adenovirus, Influenza A and B virus, Respiratory Syncythial Virus, Parainfluenza Mix, Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, and Echinococcus. The Chorus system includes standardized reagents and a monotest device to perform the single assay. In comparison to the manual CFT method, the correlation is 91.6% (7/83).The results obtained show that the automated Chorus system can be applied for detecting complement fixation antibodies against different infectious disease agents.