Hasil untuk "Vocational guidance. Career development"

Ian A. Cosden, Elizabeth Holtz, Joel U. Bretheim

Research Software Engineers (RSEs) have become indispensable to computational research and scholarship. The fast rise of RSEs in higher education and the trend of universities to be slow creating or adopting models for new technology roles means a lack of structured career pathways that recognize technical mastery, scholarly impact, and leadership growth. In response to an immense demand for RSEs at Princeton University, and dedicated funding to grow the RSE group at least two-fold, Princeton was forced to strategize how to cohesively define job descriptions to match the rapid hiring of RSE positions but with enough flexibility to recognize the unique nature of each individual position. This case study describes our design and implementation of a comprehensive RSE career ladder spanning Associate through Principal levels, with parallel team-lead and managerial tracks. We outline the guiding principles, competency framework, Human Resources (HR) alignment, and implementation process, including engagement with external consultants and mapping to a standard job leveling framework utilizing market benchmarks. We share early lessons learned and outcomes including improved hiring efficiency, clearer promotion pathways, and positive reception among staff.

Pablo Armando Sibaja-Mojica

Objective: To systematize the experience of a collective vocational guidance session, supported by the use of ChatGPT, to clear up vocational doubts at the Colegio Científico de Puntarenas, to analyze its uses in the reflection and vocational decision-making of students and to extract learning, good practices and recommendations for future implementations in vocational guidance processes. Methodology: The article is based on Oscar Jara's (2018) experience systematization model, which starts from living the experience, making a systematization plan, and recovering the experienced process to reflect and provide conclusions and recommendations of the lessons learned, from a qualitative perspective. Data were collected from seven students during a 45-minute group guidance session in the first semester of 2024. Results: The ChatGPT artificial intelligence tool was used to support this group career guidance session. This allowed students in their final year of scientific secondary school to explore personal career interests, universities and scholarships, working conditions and professional opportunities, as well as academic and educational information. This information was provided quickly and concisely by the AI, along with the support of a guidance professional mediating the process. Conclusions: ChatGPT facilitates career exploration but requires the support of guidance professionals for a critical and contextualized analysis.

Anette Vaage Slåtto, Sanna Pauliina Toiviainen

In 2021, Norway introduced a new Integration Act in which career guidance is expected to contribute to the ‘accelerated integration’ of newly arrived refugees. While there is extensive research on both Norwegian integration and career guidance policies, the position of career guidance in the current integration policy remains underexplored. In this article, we employ Carol Bacchi’s ‘What is the Problem Represented to Be’ (WPR) approach to analyse nine recent Norwegian policy documents that shape the understanding of the integration ‘problems’ that career guidance is intended to address. We ask: How are the problems that career guidance is intended to solve represented in Norwegian integration policy, and what effects can these understandings have on career guidance for refugees? We explore three problem representations in Norwegian integration policy and discuss alternative perspectives on integration and career guidance, which are overlooked in integration policy problematisations. Sammendrag I 2021 innførte Norge en ny integreringslov der karriereveiledning forventes å bidra til ‘raskere integrering’ av nyankomne flyktninger. Selv om det forskes mye på både norsk integreringspolitikk og karriereveiledningspolitikk, er karriereveiledningens posisjon i den nye integreringspolitikken fortsatt lite utforsket. I denne artikkelen bruker vi Carol Bacchi’s tilnærming ‘What is the Problem Represented to Be’ (WPR) for å analysere ni nyere norske policydokumenter som former forståelsen av integreringsproblemene som karriereveiledning er ment å adressere. Vi spør: ‘Hvordan blir problemene som karriereveiledning er ment å løse, representert i den norske integreringspolitikken, og hvilke effekter kan disse forståelsene ha på karriereveiledning for flyktninger?’. Vi utforsker tre problemrepresentasjoner i norsk integreringspolitikk og diskuterer alternative perspektiver på integrering og karriereveiledning, som blir oversett i integreringspolitiske problematiseringer. Nøkkelord: Flyktninger; norsk integreringspolitikk; policyanalyse (WPR); karriereveiledning; diskurser

Tan Gan, Hongcheng Li

An employer contracts with a worker to incentivize efforts whose productivity depends on ability; the worker then enters a market that pays him contingent on ability evaluation. With non-additive monitoring technology, the interdependence between market expectations and worker efforts can lead to multiple equilibria (contrasting Holmstrom (1982/1999); Gibbons and Murphy (1992)). We identify a sufficient and necessary criterion for the employer to face such strategic uncertainty--one linked to skill-effort complementarity, a pervasive feature of labor markets. To fully implement work, the employer optimally creates private wage discrimination to iteratively eliminate pessimistic market expectations and low worker efforts. Our result suggests that present contractual privacy, employers' coordination motives generate within-group pay inequality. The comparative statics further explain several stylized facts about residual wage dispersion.

Felix Koulischer, Florian Handke, Johannes Deleu et al.

While Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) has become standard for improving sample fidelity in conditional diffusion models, it can harm diversity and induce memorization by applying constant guidance regardless of whether a particular sample needs correction. We propose FeedBack Guidance (FBG), which uses a state-dependent coefficient to self-regulate guidance amounts based on need. Our approach is derived from first principles by assuming the learned conditional distribution is linearly corrupted by the unconditional distribution, contrasting with CFG's implicit multiplicative assumption. Our scheme relies on feedback of its own predictions about the conditional signal informativeness to adapt guidance dynamically during inference, challenging the view of guidance as a fixed hyperparameter. The approach is benchmarked on ImageNet512x512, where it significantly outperforms Classifier-Free Guidance and is competitive to Limited Interval Guidance (LIG) while benefitting from a strong mathematical framework. On Text-To-Image generation, we demonstrate that, as anticipated, our approach automatically applies higher guidance scales for complex prompts than for simpler ones and that it can be easily combined with existing guidance schemes such as CFG or LIG.

Reva Dhillon, Agni Ravi Deepa, Hrishav Das et al.

Efficient path-following is crucial in most of the applications of autonomous vehicles (UxV). Among various guidance strategies presented in literature, the look-ahead distance ($L_1$)-based nonlinear guidance has received significant attention due to its ease in implementation and ability to maintain a low cross-track error while following simpler reference paths and generating bounded lateral acceleration commands. However, the constant value of $L_1$ becomes problematic when the UxV is far away from the reference path and also produces higher cross-track error while following complex reference paths having high variation in radius of curvature. To address these challenges, the notion of look-ahead distance is leveraged in a novel way to develop a two-phase guidance strategy. Initially, when the UxV is far from the reference path, an optimized $L_1$ selection strategy is developed to guide the UxV towards the vicinity of the start point of the reference path, while maintaining minimal lateral acceleration command. Once the vehicle reaches a close neighborhood of the reference path, a novel notion of corrector point is incorporated in the constant $L_1$-based guidance scheme to generate the guidance command that effectively reduces the root mean square of the cross-track error and lateral acceleration requirement thereafter. Simulation results validate satisfactory performance of this proposed corrector point and look-ahead point pair-based guidance strategy, along with the developed mid-course guidance scheme. Also, its superiority over the conventional constant $L_1$ guidance scheme is established by simulation studies over different initial condition scenarios.

Anthony Brown, Federica Bianco, Varun Bhalerao et al.

Policy Brief on "Latest Developments and Opportunities in Sky Survey", distilled from the corresponding panel that was part of the discussions during S20 Policy Webinar on Astroinformatics for Sustainable Development held on 6-7 July 2023. Sky surveys have been a crucial tool in advancing our understanding of the Universe. The last few decades have seen an explosion in the number and scope of sky surveys, both ground-based and space-based. This growth has led to a wealth of data that has enabled us to make significant advances in many areas of astronomy, and help understand the physics of the universe. They have helped us discover new astronomical objects, the origin of the elements, dark matter and dark energy, the accelerated expansion of the universe, and gravitational waves. They have helped us study the distribution of neutral and ionized matter in the Universe and test our theories about the origin and evolution of galaxies, stars, and planets. We explore recent advances and potential avenues in sky surveys, and examine how these developments may impact the field of international astronomical research. The policy webinar took place during the G20 presidency in India (2023). A summary based on the seven panels can be found here: arxiv:2401.04623.

Pablo Dorta-González, Alexis Jorge López-Puig, María Isabel Dorta-González et al.

The integration of generative artificial intelligence technology into research environments has become increasingly common in recent years, representing a significant shift in the way researchers approach their work. This paper seeks to explore the factors underlying the frequency of use of generative AI amongst researchers in their professional environments. As survey data may be influenced by a bias towards scientists interested in AI, potentially skewing the results towards the perspectives of these researchers, this study uses a regression model to isolate the impact of specific factors such as gender, career stage, type of workplace, and perceived barriers to using AI technology on the frequency of use of generative AI. It also controls for other relevant variables such as direct involvement in AI research or development, collaboration with AI companies, geographic location, and scientific discipline. Our results show that researchers who face barriers to AI adoption experience an 11% increase in tool use, while those who cite insufficient training resources experience an 8% decrease. Female researchers experience a 7% decrease in AI tool usage compared to men, while advanced career researchers experience a significant 19% decrease. Researchers associated with government advisory groups are 45% more likely to use AI tools frequently than those in government roles. Researchers in for-profit companies show an increase of 19%, while those in medical research institutions and hospitals show an increase of 16% and 15%, respectively. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving the use of generative AI tools amongst researchers, with valuable implications for both academia and industry.

Mariyam Mahboob, Mohammed Rayyan Uddin Ahmed, Zoiba Zia et al.

The advent of Artificial intelligence has promising advantages that can be utilized to transform the landscape of software project development. The Software process framework consists of activities that constantly require routine human interaction, leading to the possibility of errors and uncertainties. AI can assist software development managers, software testers, and other team members by leveraging LLMs, GenAI models, and AI agents to perform routine tasks, risk analysis and prediction, strategy recommendations, and support decision making. AI has the potential to increase efficiency and reduce the risks encountered by the project management team while increasing the project success rates. Additionally, it can also break down complex notions and development processes for stakeholders to make informed decisions. In this paper, we propose an approach in which AI tools and technologies can be utilized to bestow maximum assistance for agile software projects, which have become increasingly favored in the industry in recent years.

Han Wang, Zheng Chen

The optimal cooperative guidance in the nonlinear setting for intercepting a target by multiple pursuers is studied in the paper. As certain relative angles can improve observability, the guidance command is required to cooperatively control the pursuers to intercept the target with specific relative angles. By using the neural networks, an approach for real-time generation of the nonlinear cooperative optimal guidance command is developed. Specifically, the optimal control problem with constraints on relative intercepting angles is formulated. Then, Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to derive the necessary conditions for optimality, which are further employed to parameterize the nonlinear optimal guidance law. As a result, the dataset for the mapping from state to nonlinear optimal guidance command can be generated by a simple propagation. A simple feedforward neural network is trained by the dataset to generate the nonlinear optimal guidance command. Finally, numerical examples are presented, showing that a nonlinear optimal guidance command with specific relative angles can be generated within a faction of a millisecond.

علی مرادی

هدف از این پژوهش رابطه بین هوش اجتماعی، فرهنگی و هیجانی با میزان رضایت از وضعیت شغلی در شهر کرمانشاه است. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بوده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شهروندان شاغل در شهر کرمانشاه هستند که در سال 1397 آمار این افراد برابر 334248 نفر می‌باشند. با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS Sample Power نمونه‌گیری انجام گرفت حجم نمونه 240 نفر که با روش تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات این پژوهش از دو پرسشنامه (پرسشنامه استاندارد انواع هوش‌ها) و (پرسشنامه‌ی رضایت شغلی) استفاده گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه با روش همزمان، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای تعیین روایی پرسشنامه‌ها از نظرات متخصصان و همچنین روایی سازه و برای تعیین پایایی آن‌ها از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. در این پژوهش، داده‌های آماری در محیط نرم‌افزاری SPSS پردازش گردیده است. نتایج همبستگی پیرسون این پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد که بین هوش اجتماعی(241/0 = r) و هوش هیجانی(141/0 = r) با رضایت شغلی رابطه مستقیم و معنادار، اما هوش فرهنگی با رضایت شغلی ارتباط معناداری وجود نداشت. نتایج رگرسیون چندگانه نشان می‌دهد که هوش اجتماعی با (223/1= B) و منزلت اقتصادی اجتماعی با (798/0 = B) توانستند 32/0 درصد از تغییرات متغیر رضایت شغلی را تبیین نمایند. استنباط می‌شود با افزایش نمره هوش هیجانی و هوش اجتماعی افراد، می‌توان شاهد افزایش رضایت شغلی برای افراد بود.

مرضیه صادقی, مجید فتاحی, مریم تقوایی‌یزدی

در جهانی که کسب و کارها به سمت روابط شخصی و اعتمادسازی پیش می‌روند، برند شخصی هر چه بیشتر به یک اولویت بدل شده است. بنابراین هدف از پژوهش ارائه مدل برند‌سازی شخصی در توسعه کارآفرینی کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط است. روش پژوهش آمیخته (کیفی و کمّی) است. در مرحله اول تحقیق (بخش کیفی) از روش نظریه‌سازی داده بنیاد و در مرحله دوم (بخش کمی) از پیمایش پرسشنامه‌ای استفاده شد. جامعه آماری در ‌بخش کیفی شامل تمام صاحب‌نظران و خبرگان دانشگاهی حیطۀ مدیریت برند، مدیریت بازرگانی و کارآفرینی و کارآفرینان از دو حیطۀ علمی، اجرایی در کشور (حجم نمونه 30 نفر) و در ‌بخش کمی مدیران و کارآفرینان کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط و دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی مدیریت بازرگانی‌ بودند (حجم نمونه 384 نفر). اطلاعات مستخرج از مصاحبه‌ها به شیوه کدگذاری چندمرحله‌ای تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها در چارچوب الگوی پارادایمی تدوین شد. اینها شامل شرایط علی، شرایط میانجی، شرایط زمینه‌ای ، راهبردها و پیامدها بود. نتایج بخش کمی پژوهش نشان داد که ضریب مسیر برای تمامی مؤلفه‌های پژوهش و مسیرهای تعریف شده بین متغیرها و سازه‌های مدل، مثبت و معنی‌دار است و مدل برازش مناسبی دارد.

Muhammad Hasim, Nur Fadhilah Umar, Amiruddin Amiruddin et al.

Established student career identity is proven to influence individual career commitment. However, several research results show that some career identities still need to be established and have high commitment. This study aims to examine the effect of individual career commitment on career identity diffusion in vocational students. This study is a quantitative correlational research design that examines the effect of X1: social standards, X2; financial benefit, X3: functional benefit to variable Y; Career Identity Diffusion which is analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The population in this study were vocational students at Universitas Negeri Makassar. A sample of 210 students participates in the study. The instruments in this study consisted of 2, namely the Career Identity Development Inventory (CIDI) and the Career Development Questionnaire, which have been tested for validity and reliability through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis test. This study's findings indicate that financial and functional benefits are the main considerations for students who have a career diffusion identity to remain in their majors. This finding contributes to the fact that students tend to choose majors because of the high salary they will get in the future and the desire to fulfill their parents' expectations as successful people. The findings of this research are expected to be a consideration in implementing career guidance in schools, especially for teachers at vocational high schools and Counseling Guidance Teachers, so that effective career guidance since middle school will help students develop a more positive career identity.

Nolvys Caridad Torres Guevara, Adilen Carpio Camacho

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis de la gestión de la orientación profesional (OP), tema que no consta de forma explícita en la literatura. A partir del estudio es posible hacer inferencias que apuntan a que la gestión de la orientación posea una tendencia macro que involucra el marco regulatorio legal, la organización estructural y funcional, los soportes financieros, los recursos humanos y materiales destinados con estos fines, y los destinatarios. Se devela cómo no se muestran por igual en todos los contextos; la legislación ofrece especificaciones señalando los tipos de servicios que deben ser prestados y sus destinatarios. Los recursos humanos, y la organización estructural y funcional corrobora la heterogeneidad de estos servicios en cuanto a denominación, estructura, organización y recursos personales. Los soportes financieros provenientes de las universidades y también de los gobiernos potencian el desarrollo de las actividades de OP. La tendencia micro aboga por ayudar al individuo a construir la carrera profesional, dotar a las personas de estrategias para responder a acontecimientos previstos o imprevistos en su vida. La articulación de estos elementos garantiza la continuidad entre educación, formación y empleo./This article offers an analysis of vocational guidance (VG) management, a topic not explicitly covered by literature. From the study, it is possible to make inferences that suggest that guidance management has a macro trend involving the legal regulatory framework, the structural and functional organization, the financial support, the human and material resources allocated for these purposes, and the recipients. It reveals how they do not appear equally in all contexts; the legislation offers specifications indicating the types of services to be provided and their recipients. The human resources and the structural and functional organization corroborate the heterogeneity of these services in terms of denomination, structure, organization and personal resources. Financial support from universities and also from governments enhances the development of VG activities. The micro trend advocates helping the individual to build a professional career, providing people with strategies to respond to foreseen or unforeseen events in their life. The articulation of these elements guarantees continuity between education, training and employment.

Zdravko Marinov, Rainer Stiefelhagen, Jens Kleesiek

Interactive segmentation reduces the annotation time of medical images and allows annotators to iteratively refine labels with corrective interactions, such as clicks. While existing interactive models transform clicks into user guidance signals, which are combined with images to form (image, guidance) pairs, the question of how to best represent the guidance has not been fully explored. To address this, we conduct a comparative study of existing guidance signals by training interactive models with different signals and parameter settings to identify crucial parameters for the model's design. Based on our findings, we design a guidance signal that retains the benefits of other signals while addressing their limitations. We propose an adaptive Gaussian heatmaps guidance signal that utilizes the geodesic distance transform to dynamically adapt the radius of each heatmap when encoding clicks. We conduct our study on the MSD Spleen and the AutoPET datasets to explore the segmentation of both anatomy (spleen) and pathology (tumor lesions). Our results show that choosing the guidance signal is crucial for interactive segmentation as we improve the performance by 14% Dice with our adaptive heatmaps on the challenging AutoPET dataset when compared to non-interactive models. This brings interactive models one step closer to deployment on clinical workflows. We will make our code publically available.

Anne T. Otwine, Leonsio Matagi, John M. Kiweewa et al.

Background: In Uganda, students face difficulty during career transition between different levels of education and employment despite government policies about implementation of career guidance and counselling services. Little has been documented about students’ levels of awareness, utilisation and extent of implementation of career guidance and counselling services within secondary schools in Uganda. Objective: This study aims at documenting students’ level of awareness and utilisation career guidance and counselling services, and how these services were being implemented in secondary schools in Uganda. Method: Cross-sectional survey was conducted using mixed methods in secondary schools in South Western Uganda. A total of 161 students in final year of secondary education (senior six) and 35 teachers across four schools met inclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study. Standardised questionnaires as primary tools of data collection were used. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS (Version 23) and content analysis for qualitative data. Results: Majority of students (98.8%) revealed high awareness about existence of career guidance and counselling services, while 87.0% reported utilising the services. Implementation of career guidance and counselling in schools was demonstrated by type of programmes, information sources, models, timing and information structure by class level. However, challenges to implementation were sited, namely student, teachers, administrators, parents and policy factors. Conclusion and recommendation: Career guidance and counselling services were available and used in secondary schools. However, implementation was affected by functional and structural challenges that affected the quality of career counselling information and required alignment to national development goals. Contribution: The efficacy of career guidance and counselling in secondary schools in Uganda was documented in this article.

José Pablo Calero-Torres

La sociedad actual ha realizado múltiples cambios durante esta década al romper barreras ideológicas y algunos estereotipos. Uno de estos es la incursión de mujeres en carreras no tradicionales para su sexo como es el caso de las ingenierías. Por esta razón, surge el interés de realizar esta investigación para determinar la influencia de los factores vocacionales en la elección profesional de estudiantes mujeres de primer nivel de la carrera de Ingeniería en Topografía y Catastro de la Universidad Nacional; y asimismo, para reconocer el motivo de su elección. La investigación se realizó mediante un paradigma naturalista y un enfoque cualitativo por las características que poseen. De esta manera se evidencia, entre los hallazgos, que el factor que menos influencia posee en la elección vocacional es el socioeconómico: la familia. Aunque es un elemento importante por la dinámica interna, no ejerce la presión necesaria para intervenir en la decisión de las estudiantes, ya que aún existen estereotipos en la sociedad hacia las mujeres. Con este trabajo se pretende crear conciencia en las personas lectoras sobre la capacidad del cambio; y evidenciar la incorporación de las mujeres en espacios con predominancia de hombres en el ámbito académico y ámbito laboral como un fenómeno actual.

homeyra abdolmohammadi, Simin Hosseinian, Seyedeh Monavar yazdi

Aim: The present study was modeling of the relationship between thriving at work and career path adaptability and mediating role of psychological capital in teachers. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all female teachers working in the primary school of Tehran Education Organization. 405 individuals were selected using random cluster sampling method. Thriving at work questionnaire (Porath, 2011), Career adaptability questionnaire (Savickas, 2012) and psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, 2007) were used to collect data. Person correlation coefficient test by structural equation modeling using SPSS 23 and LISREL software was used to analyze the data. Result: The results showed that the direct path coefficient between career path adaptability and psychological capital with thriving at work (=β 0/411, P<0/01) positive and Indirect path between psychological capital in the relationship between career path adaptability and thriving at work (=β 0/427, P<0/01) positive and at the level of 0/01 it was significant. Conclusion: According to the research findings, career path adaptability can predict thriving at work and psychological capital plays an important mediating role in thriving. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the current factors of career path adaptation and psychological capital.

Georg Heiler, Tuan Pham, Jan Korbel et al.

We use a comprehensive longitudinal dataset on criminal acts over five years in a European country to study specialization in criminal careers. We cluster crime categories by their relative co-occurrence within criminal careers, deriving a natural, data-based taxonomy of criminal specialization. Defining specialists as active criminals who stay within one category of offending behavior, we study their socio-demographic attributes, geographic range, and positions in their collaboration networks, relative to their generalist counterparts. In comparison to generalists, specialists tend to be older, more likely to be female, operate within a smaller geographic range, and collaborate in smaller, more tightly-knit local networks. We observe that specialists are more intensely embedded in criminal networks and find evidence that specialization indeed reflects division of labor and organization.

ECFA Early-Career Researcher Panel, :, Andrei Alexandru Geanta et al.

The European Committee for Future Accelerators (ECFA) Early Career Researcher's (ECR) panel, which represents the interests of the ECR community to ECFA, officially began its activities in January 2021. In the first two years, the panel has defined its own internal structure, responded to ECFA requests for feedback, and launched its own initiatives to better understand and support the diverse interests of early career researchers. This report summarises the panel composition and structure, as well as the different activities the panel has been involved with during the first two years of its existence.