Hasil untuk "Special types of environment"

Alla Martyniuk, Iryna Zabiiaka, Anastasiia Shevchuk et al.

The potential of innovative learning technologies and digitalization is a key factor in the progressive development of the academic space within the context of educational environment integration. This article aims to study the potential of innovative learning technologies in the context of globalization and the digitalization of education, based on successful European experiences. It also pays special attention to immersive digital media that involve virtual and mixed-reality possibilities. To achieve these goals, a combined approach was applied, including the analysis of existing case studies and the formation of conclusions based on secondary data analysis. This research suggests ways to integrate immersive-learning tools into practice-oriented learning. These types of tools contribute to improving the processes of learning by students, allowing them to visualize complex and abstract definitions, motivate active participation in the learning process, develop creativity and practical skills of problem-based thinking, and provide realistic experiences of solving educational tasks in practice. This article substantiates that these innovations successfully used in developed countries of the European community will allow for the effective development of the national educational system in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. This article establishes the need to upgrade the existing educational development strategy to delineate powers between different management institutions, create a competitive environment in the educational sector, and expand opportunities for financing state-of-the-art projects in this area. The prospects for educational development are focused on the potential of immersive learning technologies, practice-oriented education, and interactive communication tools for competence-based learning.

Yitayih Dessie, Nigussie Amsalu, Belayneh Awoke et al.

Abstract This study was carried out at Endba-Zend Forest in Sekela District, Northwestern Ethiopia, to investigate the plant species composition, structure, and regeneration status of a remnant forest. The vegetative data were collected using a systematic sampling technique. Four transects were put throughout a forest, 250 m apart and directed northwest-southeast. To collect vegetative data for trees and lianas, a 20 m ×20 m (400 m2) main plot was established at 50 m intervals. Five nested subplots were arranged at four corners of the main plot and one at the center to collect data for shrubs, herbaceous plants, and the regeneration state of woody species. The diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and cover abundance values were measured with a tape meter, a calibrated stick, and an ocular estimating device, respectively. The Shannon-Weiner and Sorenson’s similarity index were used to assess the forest’s species diversity. A total of 77 species belonging to 64 genera and 35 families were documented. The most diverse family was Asteraceae, which included 13 species, followed by Solanaceae (7 species). The forest had a total density of 663.95 stems ha-1. The most common species in the forest area was Mytenus obscura, which occupied 88% of the total plots. Schefflera abyssinica was the dominating species, with higher basal area (BA) (9.84 m2 ha-1) and Important Value Index IVI (52.52%). The Shannon diversity index and evenness values for the forest were 2.6 and 0.75, respectively. Three distinct community types were identified: Vachellia abyssinica-Prunus Africana (Community type I), Mytenus obscura-Vernonia myrianta (Community type II), and Rubus steudneri-Dombeya torrida (Community type III). There was found a substantial similarity between community types I and II (Ss = 0.71). The seedling, sapling, and mature tree ratio indicated a fair regeneration status for the forest. Selective tree cutting and overgrazing cause significant disruptions to the forest environment. As a result, it requires special attention (conservation priority) to ensure the sustainable use of vegetation by offering alternative energy sources to the local community.

Jerlin Regin, Maria Rajesh Antony, Raya Said Mohammed Al-Zaabiya, May Darwish Ali Al Balushi, Hamdah Ali Ahmed Al Shehhi, Nooralsnaa Abdallah Mohammed Al-Farsi and Athari Khalifa Handi Al-Saadi

The research addressed the effective and sustainable ways to enhance the thermal insulation properties of concrete without compromising its structural integrity. Traditional methods of enhancing thermal insulation in buildings, such as using thick layers of insulation materials, can be costly and may not always be practical in certain settings. Additionally, the disposal of waste materials such as date palm fiber, shopping plastic bags, and thermocol beads presents an environmental challenge. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential use of these waste materials as additives in concrete to improve its thermal insulation properties while also providing a sustainable solution for waste disposal. Date palm fiber is a natural material that is widely available in the Gulf region. Plastic bags are a huge waste from the shops every day, and from the packing materials, this thermocol is a huge waste product. We have to recycle it very efficiently to protect the environment. Three types of special materials, such as thermocol beads (30%), date palm fiber (3%) & shopping plastic bag fiber (3%), were tested in this research. Thermocol beads, when used, reduce their strength and increase the thermal resistance of concrete, while date palm fiber and shopping bag waste fiber, when used, increase the strength of concrete and also increase the thermal resistance of concrete, so it is an excellent reinforcing material and thermal barrier for shopping plastic bags fiber and date palm fiber. Based on this research result, when thermocol beads are used, they prevent heat by 42 percent, while when added with date palm fiber and plastic fiber, they also block heat by an average of 30% percent; thus, all three ingredients are considered excellent thermal insulation material. The reduction in thermal conductivity was attributed to the formation of air voids and the low thermal conductivity of the waste materials. The density of the concrete decreased with the addition of the waste materials. The study suggests that the incorporation of date palm fiber, shopping bag waste fiber, and thermocol beads can be an effective way to enhance the thermal insulation properties of concrete while also providing an environmentally sustainable solution for waste disposal. It will boost green energy technology in the construction industry.

Qiu-yao Dong, Hao-tian Wen, Pan Wang et al.

Heavy metal distribution in mining areas has always been a hot research topic due to the special environment of these areas. This study aims to explore the impact of heavy metal pollution on soils and crops in the study area, ensure the safety of local crops and the health of local residents, and provide a basis for the subsequent environmental restoration and the prevention and control of environmental pollution. Based on the analysis of the heavy metal concentrations in local soils and crops, the study investigated the spatial distribution, pollution degrees, and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the farmland of a mining area in the southeastern Nanyang Basin, Henan province, China explored the sources of heavy metals and assessed the health risks caused by crop intake. The results of this study are as follows. The root soils of crops in the study area suffered heavy metal pollution to varying degrees. The degree of heavy metal pollution in maize fields is higher than that in wheat fields, and both types of fields suffer the most severe Cd pollution. Moreover, the root soils of different crops suffer compound pollution. The root soils in the maize fields suffer severe compound pollution at some sampling positions, whose distribution is similar to that of the mining area. Cd poses the highest potential ecological risks among all heavy metals, and the study area mainly suffers low and moderate comprehensive potential ecological risks. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb, and As in soils of the study area is mainly affected by anthropogenic factors such as local mining activities; the distribution of Cr and Ni is primarily controlled by the local geological background; the distribution of Hg is mainly affected by local vehicle exhaust emissions, and the distribution of Cu is influenced by both human activities and the geological background. Different cereal crops in the study area are polluted with heavy metals dominated by Cd and Ni to varying degrees, especially wheat. As indicated by the health risk assessment results, the intake of maize in the study area does not pose significant human health risks; however, Cu has high risks to human health, and the compound heavy metal pollution caused by the intake of wheat in the study area poses risks to the health of both adults and children. Overall, the soils and crops in the study area suffer a high degree of heavy metal pollution, for which mining activities may be the main reason.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.

Nadiia Hryshchuk

The purpose of the work is to study the importance of the appropriate level of financing of the small business sector, as an integral component of the market economy, which provides solutions to a number of urgent needs of society, the determination of priority financial programs for their financing in conditions of military aggression. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is general scientific and special methods. Scientific knowledge: generalization, analogy, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (for clarifying the conceptual apparatus, theoretical generalizations of research results, conclusions and proposals); an economic-statistical, tabular research method is used. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of farms and cooperatives are substantiated. The understanding of the essence of small business is revealed and the economic and legal aspects of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy are analyzed based on a combination of economic and financial interests, the need to adapt to changes in the business environment, production technologies, as well as in the needs of buyers, because they saturate the market with goods and services, diversify the labor market with new jobs, ensure economic competition – the basis of the functioning of the market mechanism. Results. The understanding of the essence of small business is revealed and the economic and legal aspects of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy are analyzed based on a combination of economic and financial interests, the need to adapt to changes in the business environment, production technologies, as well as in the needs of buyers, because they saturate the market with goods and services, diversify the labor market with new jobs, ensure economic competition – the basis of the functioning of the market mechanism. An analytical assessment of the types of financial security showed that the involvement of various types of financial resources will improve the opportunity to gain competitive positions in the market of various financial products. Practical consequences. According to the results of the research, the priority directions for improvement were determined. An important component and leading direction of the credit policy in agriculture should be the creation of a preferential lending mechanism for agricultural producers. We also need a guarantee from the state in the provision by banks of interest-free and deferred payment targeted loans for the modernization and expansion of the material and technical base of agricultural production, the introduction of new technologies, the creation of enterprises for processing and sale of products in conditions of military aggression.

Elena Borzova, Maria Shemanaeva

Homework, being an indispensable part of learning, needs special planning and modification in line with the latest educational development. In this view, we assume that mobile devices can provide ample opportunities for students to interact and collaborate with their group-mates to enhance learning outcomes in university foreign language education. Interactive mobile homework assignments combined with individual ones can noticeably improve these outcomes from different perspectives. They engage students in communicative foreign language usage, encouraging both receptive and productive speech acts, student-to-student cooperation in learning through communication, peer-teaching, and pooling resources which promote the amplification of the learning environment through content and language sharing. On the other hand, interactive mobile homework assignments also have certain risks that may decrease the quality of learning, such as possible error exchange, a superficial approach, a switch to use of native language, and chatting, etc. Nevertheless, interactive mobile homework assignments keep students on the task for a longer period of time because they require each student’s pre-task preparation, longer oral exchanges during the “while phase” and post-task individual summary, therefore providing more practice. The study described in the article highlights the characteristics of the interactive mobile homework tasks, suggests a list of homework task types, both individual and interactive, and compares the results of their practical application in university foreign language education. The authors attempt to identify a trend in their contribution to the learning outcomes achieved by the students while completing their homework, either interactively or individually.

Prishchepa Aleksandr, Burovkina Lyudmila

The design of industrial zones and facilities, closed and open, in the agro-industrial sector must be comprehensive, systemic, and meet the requirements of modern robotics and electronics. An essential aspect of this complex is landscape design as a factor in the harmonization of industrial facilities and the implementation of ergonomics. Landscape design not only performs an aesthetic function of production, but also provides a high level of comfortable environment, based on life-saving technologies, taking into account employees and workers with disabilities. Modeling space, taking into account the nominal functioning of vehicles, special equipment, levels and slopes, as well as the use of types of road surfaces are aspects of the organization of the environment. The most successful solution to this educational problem will allow bringing the system of artistic training of students to a new educational level, since will allow remotely conducting classes by leading highly qualified specialists from various regions and countries.

Javad madani

Tourism is one of the flexible and dynamic industries that has different dimensions and types. Green tourism is one of the most important types that many countries pay special attention to today. One of the dimensions that can be fruitful in the direction of green tourism is the field of environmental policy-making. This scientific and executive field, which aligns with environmental protection measures and activities, can create favourable consequences for communities. This study's main purpose is to formulate the environmental policy-making desired pattern in the context of green tourism, which uses a mixed-method to investigate the issue. The approach used in this method is a partially mixed sequential dominant status design approach that is done in three phases: qualitative-qualitative-quantitative. In this research, three methods of "focus group-grounded theory-survey" have been used to formulate and confirm the model, respectively. The main tool used in the qualitative phase is the interview. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was extracted relevant information and data from 13 experts in the qualitative phase and 8. According to the research findings, about 17 main indicators were identified, which were considered the pattern's main components. According to the results of the quantitative section, among the studied indicators, the index "Communications and interactions of responsible institutions" has the highest score among the indicators, which shows the importance of this category in the resulting pattern. From the present study results, we can point to the important role of "communications and interactive of responsible institutions", which requires the development of more precise environmental policies to support green tourism to achieve other goals, sustainable tourism development.Introduction In recent times, tourism and travel have been considered flexible, dynamic and growing industries. Many studies show that the tourism industry contributes significantly to the economic growth and development of tourism-led economies. On the other hand, many thinkers believe that tourism achieves economic growth and development at the cost of pollution and environmental degradation. Numerous factors have led to a more precise policy for the tourism industry with the aim of sustainable tourism development. Therefore, the development of a desirable pattern that is considered at both conceptual levels of "environmental policies" and "green tourism" can consider a wide range of measures to improve and develop green tourism. While supporting and creating green tourism, this pattern will make it possible to create various pollution control projects and schemes with the help of environmental policies. For this purpose, it is necessary to design a desirable pattern to get out of the issues to be effective in this regard. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to develop a pattern of environmental policy-making in the context of green tourism.Materials and MethodsThe general design of the methodology in this research is applied according to the purpose, its mixed method. For further explanation, the research design is a partially mixed sequential dominant status design that is done in three phases qualitative-qualitative-quantitative. In this design, first qualitative and then quantitative data are collected and analyzed. Priority is usually given to the qualitative phase, and quantitative data reinforces the qualitative data. In this research, three "focus group-grounded theory-survey" methods have been used. In the qualitative part, the thematic axes were first extracted using the focus group method. Then, in the next step, using tools such as semi-structured interviews, the relevant codes were obtained, and the codes were transformed into a pattern by the grounded theory method. Then the resulting pattern was examined by experts, and to assess its components, its validity was announced.In summary, the thematic axes extracted from the focus group method were used as a criterion for orientation. The focus of the interviews was based on the grounded theory method. Then, through the steps of the grounded theory method, the desired pattern was extracted and calculated. After formulating the pattern, in the third phase - the quantitative phase of the research - the components and categories of the pattern are examined by experts; for evaluating its components, its validity is announced.Discussion and ResultsIn the first phase, i.e. the focus group method that was done online, items such as Macro "socio-cultural, political, economic and environmental" environment; institutional arrangements of relationships and interactions; inter-organizational coordination structures; interest groups and influential in formulating and implementing tourism policies; New and Innovative Solutions in Creating Green Tourism; Symmetry of Green Tourism and Environmental Executive Projects; Interactive Policy Making in Green Tourism "were extracted as thematic axes. In the second phase - in the grounded theory method of the foundation - the approach of Strauss and Corbin was used that the propositions were counted in three types of coding "open, axial and selective".ConclusionsGreen tourism operators face various factors in maintaining green tourism assets in the future. To manage these factors, planners, policy-makers and tourism managers must prescribe and adopt sustainable green policies and strategies, improve the quality and quantity of relevant policies, and consider the principles and practices of sustainable development to improve green tourism. These results require the development of more precise policies for the tourism industry, which should be given special attention to sustainable tourism development and support for green tourism. In the following, the relevant suggestions are presented

Н. Круглова, O. Диховичний, Д. Лисенко

The article conducts research on the construction of analytical methods of computer tests in higher mathematics. These computer tests contain test items of various types, including problems with "embedded answers" which include several related subitems. Also, on the basis this method quality analysis of the control work was conducted. The technic is based on  the methods of Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT), which have proven their effectiveness in statistical analysis of tests. The focus of the work is on the use of Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) models, which allows to analyze simultaneously the whole vector of students' competencies and to scrutinize them more carefully. The study also uses one-dimensional IRT models, the results of which are compared with the use of MIRT. Among the one-dimensional models, the well-known Muraki and Birnbaum models were selected, and among the multidimensional models, the choices were the twodimensional 2-PL and GPCM. The multidimensional models involved in the study are compensatory. The application of non-compensatory models was not considered. The comparison of compliance with the data of different models was carried out on the basis of special information criteria. One-dimensional models were discovered to be somewhat more effective. The R programming environment was chosen as the main toolkit, which provides a powerful set of software for the test statistical analysis. The mirt package is selected as the main software package. Tests results from a modular test in analytical geometry have been chosen as data for research. The test was written by 105 students from IT stream, specialty 121, at FIOT NTUU "Igor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute". The test was placed on the MOODLE platform and was conducted remotely. The analysis of test results on the basis of selected models demonstrated the consistency between the results of both one-dimensional and multidimensional models. However, multidimensional models also allow to expound the analysis of various additional competences, in this case - knowledge of vector algebra and knowledge of lines, planes, and surfaces in space. The analysis showed that the test was, in general, composed correctly; also the analysis allowed to systematize the items by complexity; and for questions such as "embedded answers " to detail the complexity of the subitems. Evaluating the overall results of the application of one-dimensional and multidimensional models of IRT, it should be noted their effectiveness in the analysis of both tests in higher mathematics and in the control of knowledge in other disciplines. Ref. 19, pic. 5, tabl. 6

Raja Waseem Anwar, Tariq Abdullah, Flavio Pastore

Smart healthcare environments are growing at a rapid pace due to the services and benefits offered to healthcare practitioners and to patients. At the same time, smart healthcare environments are becoming increasingly complex environments where a plethora of devices are linked with each other, to deliver services to patients, and they require special security measures to protect the privacy and integrity of user data. Moreover, these environments are exposed to various kinds of security risks, threats, and attacks. Firewalls are considered as the first line of defense for securing smart healthcare networks and addressing the challenges mentioned above. Firewalls are applied at different levels in networks, and range from conventional server-based to cloud-based firewalls. However, the selection and implementation of a proper firewall to get the maximum benefit is a challenging task. Therefore, understanding firewall types, the services offered, and analyzing underlying vulnerabilities are important design considerations that need addressing before implementing a firewall in a smart healthcare environment. The paper provides a comprehensive review and best practices of firewall types, with offered benefits and drawbacks, which may help to define a comprehensive set of policies for smart healthcare devices and environments.

Yoshihide Tominaga, Ted Stathopoulos

Bianca A. Meyer, Shirin Doroudgar

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a result of conditions that imbalance protein homeostasis or proteostasis at the ER, for example ischemia, and is a common event in various human pathologies, including the diseased heart. Cardiac integrity and function depend on the active secretion of mature proteins from a variety of cell types in the heart, a process that requires an intact ER environment for efficient protein folding and trafficking to the secretory pathway. As a consequence of ER stress, most protein secretion by the ER secretory pathway is decreased. Strikingly, there is a select group of proteins that are secreted in greater quantities during ER stress. ER stress resulting from the dysregulation of ER Ca²⁺ levels, for instance, stimulates the secretion of Ca²⁺-binding ER chaperones, especially GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin, and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), which play a multitude of roles outside the cell, strongly depending on the cell type and tissue. Here we review current insights in ER stress-induced secretion of proteins, particularly from the heart, and highlight the extracellular functions of these proteins, ranging from the augmentation of cardiac cell viability to the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic, oncogenic, and immune-stimulatory cell signaling, cell invasion, extracellular proteostasis, and more. Many of the roles of ER stress-induced protein secretion remain to be explored in the heart. This article is part of a special issue entitled “The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases.”

Zohreh Oveisi Keikha, Hosseinali Kavosh, Abolfazl Heidari et al.

Housing types depend on the relationship between human needs and the environment. They are variable and complex due to humans’ different lifestyles and environmental conditions. What distinguishes them is not the constituent parts; rather, it is the logic of the spatial arrangement of the components, which varies based on the time, place and way of residence and represents the cultural, economic and climatic characteristics of the residence method. Identifying and preserving the heritage of vernacular architecture in general and of rural architecture in particular help us to preserve national historical assets and apply the long-established principles remaining from the past eras to new physical forms via discovering the mysteries, signs and symbols hidden in these assets. This can also help to preserve the identity and authenticity of vernacular architecture in rural settlements. On the one hand, the study of rural architecture can improve spatial designing based on the characteristics of different regions. On the other hand, it can solve some of the problems related to the fabric of urban and rural settlements and lead to formation of favorable villages. Vernacular housing types, especially in rural areas, are strongly influenced by their surrounding environment. Therefore, discussing the housing typology of each region requires an understanding of the context, location and rural fabric of that region. Typology is one of the most basic scientific steps toward this goal. Proper identification and categorization of the different types of architecture can help better understand, preserve and protect various spaces and find modern and effective designing methods. Developed via field measurements, observations and library research, this article is the result of the study of local housing samples from 20 selected villages in Sistan (located on a low flatland in the southeastern parts of Iran and north of Sistan and Baluchistan Province whose fabric is rich and valuable) using the descriptive-analytical research methodology. This study sought to classify and introduce the physical characteristics of vernacular housing in Sistan in terms of the formation of open and closed spaces. The results showed that Sistan, situated east of Iran with more than 900 villages and a 5,000-year history of permanent settlement from the era of Shahr-e Sukhteh, has special climatic conditions, and its social and livelihood structure has led to formation of unique housing architecture types. The common houses of Sistan’s people used to be very simple and rudimentary in the past but the types of these residential abodes have grown more complex and varied throughout time. These types include basal, linear, L-shaped, U-shaped, central courtyard and kiosk. Analyses performed in this research indicated that segregation of the living space and the livestock space is one of the most influential factors for determining the type of rural abodes in Sistan Region. Based on this criterion, the housing types with the highest frequency, i.e. linear, L-shaped and U-shaped, can be grouped into two subcategories: equipped with Dakanche and equipped with Mahtabi. In addition, this research indicated that the central courtyard and kiosk housing types are exclusive to the local chiefs and khans and are known as Sardari houses. Given that recent constructions in the rural areas of Sistan are being modeled after urban housing, promotion of these house types can help revitalize vernacular rural housing in Sistan.

La Ode Nursalam, A Arisona, R Ramli et al.

A microgravity investigation on bedrock topography was conducted at Maluri park reference level in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study aim to mapping the near-surface structure and soil and land cover distribution for geography and geophysics surveys.  Two types of cross-section modeling of the residual anomaly generated the MaluriBouguer Anomaly model for site-1 and site-2 at Maluri Park. The 2D microgravity models produced the contour map, displaying the characterization due to density contrast in rock types while mapping the subsurface geological structure at different depths. Moreover, a synthetic model was initiated with the assumption of lateral distance on the left and right sides taken at 50 m and a depth of 60 m. The results of modeling confirmed that the soil and rock type composition on both models site tests are topsoil (1.1 to 1.92 g/cm3), soil (1.8 g/cm3), clay (1.63 g/cm3), gravel (1.7 g/cm3), sand (2.0 g/cm3), shale (2.4 g/cm3), sandstone (2.76 g/cm3), and limestone (2.9 g/cm3). The 2D gravity modeling using two model site tests obtained a correspondence with the observed microgravity data. Keywords: Bouguer anomaly, limestone, microgravity, soil structure, topography. References Amaluddin, L. O., Rahmat, R., Surdin, S., Ramadhan, M. I., Hidayat, D. N., Purwana, I. G., & Fayanto, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of Outdoor Learning in Improving Spatial Intelligence. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(3), 667–680. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.613987 Arisona,A., Mohd N., Amin E.K., &Abdullahi, A.(2018).Assessment of microgravity anomalies of soil structure for geotechnical 2d models.Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology (JGEET)3(3), 151-154. Georgsson, L.S. (2009). Geophysical Methotds Used in Geothermal Exploration. Presented at Exploration for Geothermal Resources, 1-22 November 2009, 1-16. Grandjean, G. (2009). From Geophysical Parameters to Soil Characteristics.Florida: Report N°BRGM/FP7-DIGISOIL Project Deliverable 2.1, Final ReportDepartment of Civil and Coastal EngineeringUniversity of Florida. Hiltunen, D.R., Hudyma,N.,Tran,K.T.,&Sarno,A.I. (2012).Geophysical Testing of Rock and Its Relationthipsto Physical Properties.Florida:Final ReportDepartment ofCivil and Coastal EngineeringUniversity ofFlorida. Kirsch,R. (2006).GroundwaterGeophysics, ATool for Hydrogeology.New York: Springer. Kamal,H.,Taha,M.,&Al-Sanad,S. (2010). Geoenvironmental Engineering and Geotechnics, GeoShanghai 2010 International Conference. (accessed 02.03.17) Lilie, R.J. (1999).Whole Earth Geophysics: An Introductory Textbook for Geologists and Geophysicists. New Jersey:Prentice-HallInc. Pringle, J.K., Styles, P., Howell, C.P.,Branston, M.W., Furner, R., &Toon,S.M. (2012). Long-term time-lapse microgravity and geotechnical monitoring of relict salt mines, marston, cheshire, uk. Geophysic77(6), 165-171. Samsudin, H.T.(2003).A microgravity survey over deep limestone bedrock.Bulletin of Geological Society of Malaysia4(6), 201-208. Tan, S.M. (2005). Karsticfeatures of kualalumpur limestone. Bulletin of the Institution of EnginnerMalaysia 4(7), 6-11. Tajuddin, A.&Lat, C.N. (2004).Detecting subsurfacevoids using the microgravity method, a case study from kualalipis, pahang.Bulletin of Geological Society of Malaysia 3(48), 31-35.  Tuckwell, G., Grossey, T., Owen, S., & Stearns, P. (2008). The use of microgravity to detect small distributed voids and low-density ground. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 41(3), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/07-224  Wanjohi, A.W. (2014). Geophysical Field Mapping. Presented at Exploration for Geothermal Resources, 2-23 November 2014, 1-9. Yusoff , Z.M., Raju,G. &Nahazanan, H.(2016).Static and dynamic behaviour of kualalumpur limestone. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering  Special Issue Vol.28 (1), p.:18-25. Zabidi, H. & De Freitas, M.H. (2011).Re-evaluation of rock core logging for the prediction of preferred orientations of karst in the kualalumpur limestone formation. Engineering Geology, 117(3-4), p.: 159–169.   Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Samina Bibi, Khan Alam, Farrukh Chishtie et al.

A. A. Shkunova, S. A. Koloda

This article is devoted to the actual topic, a specific labor market: the ability to create a working team and the ability to work in it. The educational level is represented by an electronic educational - methodical complex "Organizational Behavior", where the author identifies a special training module: behavior at the group level - teambuilding. The article describes the work of students of the education team on the basis of the theory of management through the establishment of its role structure. Psycho - pedagogical research has identified the preferred role in the group, which made it possible to determine the types of work for each applicant for teamwork. The work of students in the project introduces the technology creation to the students and the role of each student in solving the problem. As a means of learning team building stands distance environment moodle, which allows you to work independently on a given problem.

M. Elsobeiey

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has issued standards that provide the minimum requirements for different types of hydrographic surveys execution to collect data to be used to compile navigational charts. Such standards are usually updated from time to time to reflect new survey techniques and practices and must be achieved to assure both surface navigation safety and marine environment protection. Hydrographic surveys can be classified to four orders namely, special order, order 1a, order 1b, and order 2. The order of hydrographic surveys to use should be determined in accordance with the importance to the safety of navigation in the surveyed area. Typically, geodetic-grade dual-frequency GPS receivers are utilized for position determination during data collection in hydrographic surveys. However, with the evolution of high-sensitivity low-cost single-frequency receivers, it is very important to evaluate the performance of such receivers. This paper investigates the performance of low-cost single-frequency GPS receivers in hydrographic surveying applications. The main objective is to examine whether low-cost single-frequency receivers fulfil the IHO standards for hydrographic surveys. It is shown that the low-cost single-frequency receivers meet the IHO horizontal accuracy for all hydrographic surveys orders at any depth. However, the single-frequency receivers meet only order 2 requirements for vertical accuracy at depth more than or equal 100 m.

Gholam Reza Bordbar

ILO, adopted and communicated several types of document which include Conventions, recommendations, resolutions and statements etc.among all of them, convention has a special place because the members states accept duties and obligations. Among these conventions, those conventions that are related to the fundamental rights of labor had special importance and prestige. Member countries of the Organization like Iran are required to implement the relevant commitments. this study aimed to analyze administrative obstacles of the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work by getting weight to problems and ranking them. The result of study show that Prohibition of child labor is more important than other aspects of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. in aspect of child labor most important obstacle was "red tape" ,in others categories result was as follow: in lack of collective bargaining most important obstacle was made emotional decisions, in forced labor most important obstacle was distrust of other workers, in gender discrimination most important obstacle was Working environment, in people inequality most important obstacle was Subjective judgments manager.

Kai Zeng, Kun She, Xinzheng Niu

In the view of granular computing, some general uncertainty measures are proposed through single-granulation by generalizing Shannon’s entropy. However, in the practical environment we need to describe concurrently a target concept through multiple binary relations. In this paper, we extend the classical information entropy model to a multi-granulation entropy model (MGE) by using a series of general binary relations. Two types of MGE are discussed. Moreover, a number of theorems are obtained. It can be concluded that the single-granulation entropy is the special instance of MGE. We employ the proposed model to evaluate the significance of the attributes for classification. A forward greedy search algorithm for feature selection is constructed. The experimental results show that the proposed method presents an effective solution for feature analysis.

Paula J. Burdette, Diana Greer, Kari L. Woods

K-12 special education policies and practices that ensure students with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment are coming under pressure from rapid expansion of online learning. Forty-six state and non-state jurisdiction special education directors responded to a brief survey about K-12 online learning. Findings demonstrated the increased number of states providing online instruction; indicated students with many different types of disabilities participate in online learning; and described the directors’ reflections on current issues as well as anticipated barriers to students with disabilities participating in online learning. Ambiguity and variability existed across state policies as each state may have been in a different stage of adopting this relatively new approach to K-12 education. The authors suggest that federal guidance might be required to safeguard the civil rights of students with disabilities in online learning.