Hasil untuk "Regional planning"

K. Chan, M. Shaw, D. R. Cameron et al.

Despite increasing attention to the human dimension of conservation projects, a rigorous, systematic methodology for planning for ecosystem services has not been developed. This is in part because flows of ecosystem services remain poorly characterized at local-to-regional scales, and their protection has not generally been made a priority. We used a spatially explicit conservation planning framework to explore the trade-offs and opportunities for aligning conservation goals for biodiversity with six ecosystem services (carbon storage, flood control, forage production, outdoor recreation, crop pollination, and water provision) in the Central Coast ecoregion of California, United States. We found weak positive and some weak negative associations between the priority areas for biodiversity conservation and the flows of the six ecosystem services across the ecoregion. Excluding the two agriculture-focused services—crop pollination and forage production—eliminates all negative correlations. We compared the degree to which four contrasting conservation network designs protect biodiversity and the flow of the six services. We found that biodiversity conservation protects substantial collateral flows of services. Targeting ecosystem services directly can meet the multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity goals more efficiently but cannot substitute for targeted biodiversity protection (biodiversity losses of 44% relative to targeting biodiversity alone). Strategically targeting only biodiversity plus the four positively associated services offers much promise (relative biodiversity losses of 7%). Here we present an initial analytical framework for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning and illustrate its application. We found that although there are important potential trade-offs between conservation for biodiversity and for ecosystem services, a systematic planning framework offers scope for identifying valuable synergies.

R. Kanbur, Xiaobo Zhang

The paper constructs and analyzes a long-run time series for regional inequality in China from the Communist Revolution to the present. There have been three peaks of inequality in the last fifty years, coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s. Econometric analysis establishes that regional inequality is explained in the different phases by three key policy variables—the ratio of heavy industry to gross output value, the degree of decentralization, and the degree of openness.

S. Ferrier

K. J. Sora, C. C. C. Wabnitz, N. S. Steiner et al.

Abstract Climate change is impacting Arctic marine ecosystems at faster rates than the global average, challenging the management and conservation of biodiversity and living marine resources. This study examined the climate risks and vulnerabilities of 21 Arctic fish species occurring in the western Canadian Arctic using a fuzzy logic approach. Identified climatic hazards to marine species and their habitats are increasing temperature, decreasing sea ice cover, freshening, decreasing oxygen concentration, and acidification. The nature of these hazards included changes in mean conditions by 2050 (2041–2060), compared to the historical period (1979–2015 average) simulated from a regional coupled ice-ocean biogeochemical model and two coupled Earth system models under low and high emissions scenarios. A spatially-explicit algorithm was used to assess the risk and vulnerability in the Beaufort Sea shelf and slope and Amundsen Gulf (BS–AG) based on the species’ biological traits, biogeography and their exposure to climatic hazards. The results indicated high to very high exposure and risk of climate impacts across the ecosystem variables. Specifically, shallow areas were projected to be simultaneously exposed to more intense warming, reduced sea ice coverage, freshening, and acidification relative to the regional averages. In addition, for species occurring in the BS–AG, low adaptability and high sensitivity to climate hazards was identified. These applied tools and evaluations can inform marine spatial planning and climate adaptation efforts to help achieve conservation objectives and sustain ecosystem and community health in a changing Arctic climate.

Zeyin Chen, Siying Li, Tao Wu et al.

Abstract In rapidly urbanizing cities, historical neighborhoods often experience drastic spatial transformation, leading to the erosion of urban form, memory, and identity. This study examines the morphological transformation of the Siwenli Lilong neighborhood in central Shanghai, tracing its evolution from 1948 to 2021. Drawing on a 70-year fine-scale GIS dataset at the lane-block level which is a rare longitudinal resolution in related urban research, the study integrates historical cartography, urban morphology, and heritage interpretation to identify three key phases: wartime densification, socialist consolidation, and market-driven redevelopment. Each phase reflects distinct governance rationales, cumulatively producing a shift from spatial continuity to fragmentation. The research introduces the concept of “interface rupture” to capture the disjunction between old and new typologies, particularly in façade logic and public–private transitions. Rather than treating transformation as incidental, it proposes a conceptual model linking governance regimes, development logics, and spatial consequences. While symbolic heritage elements are selectively retained, most morphological memory is weakened or erased. By integrating urban morphology with the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) framework, the study contributes to heritage-led urbanism by moving beyond site-specific diagnosis toward transferable explanatory mechanisms. It calls for adaptive conservation frameworks that recognize spatial memory as a planning asset, promoting continuity during inevitable change. The Siwenli case thus serves as both empirical evidence and a theoretical lens for understanding structural dynamics behind morphological rupture in East Asian cities.

Zinat Mahal, Helmut Yabar

A significant amount of livestock manure is generated in Bangladesh, creating challenges for sustainable manure management. Bioenergy and organic fertilizer production from manure are expected to provide opportunities for renewable resources, including environmental benefits. Therefore, this research aimed to spatially assess the potential of manure for biogas and compost using GIS (geographic information system) symbology and hot spot analyses, based on theoretical estimations. This study identified hot spots for biogas and compost production from various types of livestock manure at the district and sub-district levels, whereas previous studies have only explored these at a national level. The estimated total biogas and compost potential was approximately 15,035.50 million m³ and 67.36 million tons, respectively, from livestock manure in 2024, distinguishing it as a feasible alternative to fossil fuels for electricity generation and synthetic fertilizers for crop production. Overall, the regional pattern maps of the socio-economic potential, hot spot identification, and environmental benefits assessments of manure will provide a more localized approach to planning sustainable manure management strategies for biogas and compost production in Bangladesh.

Mohammad Hajipour, Hossein Ekramy Moghaddam, Mohammad Eskandari Sani

IntroductionRural sustainable development is a multifaceted challenge for spatial planning and management systems, requiring integrated strategies that harmonize economic, technological, environmental, and socio-cultural subsystems to foster cohesive growth. Effective approaches must also incorporate strategic planning and regulatory actions to ultimately achieve equitable rural development and reduce urban-rural disparities. In this context, global experiences increasingly support the adoption of green management as a viable pathway. Iran and its surrounding geographical regions face severe environmental challenges, including natural resource degradation, water scarcity, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. These pressures amplify the urgency of embracing green management, sustainable development, and the green industrial revolution—particularly in rural areas. The Deyhook district in Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran, exemplifies these challenges: chronic water scarcity, soil erosion, declining biodiversity, reliance on water-intensive agriculture, and weak waste and renewable energy management. For instance, due to climate change and prolonged droughts, among 16 villages with populations over 20 households, eight larger villages receive water via tanker trucks under rationing from Deyhook city, while the remaining eight face severe declines in spring and qanat yields. In many villages, agriculture has collapsed entirely, wells have been equipped with smart meters, and residents struggle to secure even basic domestic water supplies. Moreover, excessive groundwater extraction by coal mines at three geographically dispersed sites has led to the abandonment of villages such as Parudeh, Pikuh, and Nistan. If current trends continue, the long-term habitability of the region is at serious risk. Since the sustainability of human settlements fundamentally depends on residents’ livelihoods—and, by extension, on reliable and sustainable access to productive resources—proper management, particularly within a green management framework, can not only promote resource efficiency but also enhance the economic, social, and environmental resilience of these communities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the rural settlements of Deyhook district based on green management principles and to propose practical solutions for transforming the current unsustainable conditions into a more resilient and sustainable future. MethodologyThis study is applied in purpose and descriptive in nature. The statistical population consists of two expert groups: regional experts and local experts and informed stakeholders. The first group—regional experts—includes seven members comprising technical staff from the Deyhook district administration and university academics with expertise in sustainable rural development. This group was responsible for identifying key criteria and sub-criteria related to rural green management and determining their relative weights using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), a multi-criteria decision-making method suitable for capturing interdependencies among factors. The second group—local experts and informed stakeholders—comprises village administrators (Dehyars) and members of Islamic Councils from all 16 villages in the Deyhook district. In each village, a local expert panel of 2 to 4 members was formed. These panels participated in assessing the current status of their villages regarding green management indicators through structured questionnaires based on the Rural Settlement Evaluation Framework. Data collected from these assessments were analyzed using the MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution) method to rank villages based on their performance in green management. Finally, to identify actionable strategies for improvement, insights from both expert groups were integrated and structured within the SOAR framework (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results), which emphasizes positive, vision-driven planning. This mixed-method approach—combining ANP for weighting, MARCOS for ranking, and SOAR for strategy development—ensures a robust, participatory, and context-sensitive evaluation, supporting both diagnostic analysis and practical intervention in rural sustainability planning. FindingsAt the macro level, the criterion "Residents' Environmental Ethics and Culture" holds the highest weight (0.166), indicating that experts view behavioral change, awareness, and the development of a sustainability culture as the most fundamental drivers of successful green management. Using the MARCOS method, villages in the Deyhook district of Tabas County were ranked based on green management criteria, revealing significant differences in sustainable development levels and performance. Esfandiar village ranked first with the highest efficiency index (f(Ki) = 0.665), emerging as a model for green management—likely due to stronger sustainable infrastructure, effective waste management, access to modern technologies, and a participatory environmental culture. Esfahk (0.611) and Chirok (0.607) followed in second and third place, reflecting relatively strong sustainability performance. Overall, higher-ranked villages (1–6) demonstrate better outcomes in infrastructure, renewable energy, education, and environmental culture. Key strengths include the region’s largest wildlife refuge with high biodiversity, vast coal reserves, and unique geotourism sites—offering solid foundations for green economy, sustainable tourism, and new energy initiatives. External opportunities, such as access to innovative climate and energy practices and engagement of foreign tourists in environmental stewardship, enable knowledge transfer and cultural investment. The defined aspirations—such as green management in all villages, full environmental compatibility, reduced resource waste, and full sustainability—reflect a shift from purely physical development toward a holistic, integrated sustainability model. Discussion and ConclusionThis study develops and applies an integrated framework for rural green management in Deyhook, a desert region under environmental stress. Using MARCOS, significant performance disparities among 16 villages were revealed, with Esfandiar ranking highest and Razaviyeh and Zardgah lowest. Experts emphasized "environmental culture" and "infrastructure" as key drivers, reflecting the importance of behavioral change and sustainable systems. Natural assets and external opportunities support green development. Context-sensitive strategies—like solar energy, water recycling, and civic engagement—are proposed. By integrating theory, field assessment, and practical solutions, this study offers a replicable, holistic model for sustainable transformation in arid rural regions, supporting policy-making, equity, and community resilience through participatory, knowledge-integrated planning.

S. Lumbreras, A. Ramos

K. Siala, A. Chowdhury, Thanh Duc Dang et al.

Strategic dam planning and the deployment of decentralized renewable technologies are two elements of the same problem, yet normally addressed in isolation. Here, we show that an integrated view of the power system capacity expansion problem could have transformative effects for Southeast Asia’s hydropower plans. We demonstrate that Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia have tangible opportunities for meeting projected electricity demand and CO2 emission targets with less hydropower than currently planned—options range from halting the construction of all dams in the Lower Mekong to building 82% of the planned ones. The key enabling strategies for these options to succeed are solar PV and regional coordination, expressed in the form of centralized planning and cross-border power trading. The alternative expansion plans would slightly increase the cumulative costs (up to 2.4%), but substantially limit the fragmentation of additional river reaches, thereby offering more sustainable pathways for the Mekong’s ecosystems and riparian people. Hydropower dams in the Lower Mekong basin have profound impact on the riverine ecosystems. Here the authors use strategic dam planning and power system modelling to show that there are economically and technically feasible alternatives to these dams with solar energy and power trading.

Qingyi Wang, Zhuo Liu, Peng Jiang et al.

A regional healthcare coalition enables its member hospitals to conduct an integrated emergency supply management, which is seldom addressed in the existing literature. In this work, we propose a two-stage stochastic emergency supply planning model to facilitate cooperation and coordination in a regional healthcare coalition. Our model integrates pre-disaster emergency supplies pre-positioning and post-disaster emergency supplies transshipment and procurement and considers two planning goals, i.e., minimizing the expected total cost and the maximum supply shortage rate. With some comparison models and a case study on the West China Hospital coalition of Sichuan Province, China, under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic, we demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of our model and obtain various managerial insights and policy suggestions for practice. We highlight the importance of conducting integrated management of emergency supplies pre-positioning, transshipment and procurement in the regional healthcare coalition for better preparation and responding to future potential disasters.

M. Salvia, M. Olazabal, P. Fokaides et al.

Liliana Fonseca, Lisa Nieth

The emergence of collaborative approaches in innovation policy and regional governance has increased expectations for universities to engage in strategy making and assume broader roles and responsibilities. Nonetheless, complexities inherent to the policy process, regional context and universities’ own institutional and organisational capacity are often ignored or under-explained when framing universities’ roles. Although these roles are frequently introduced, they have been superficially conceptualised in the literature. This study develops a deeper theoretical and empirical understanding of universities’ contributions in the different stages of regional innovation strategy processes. Through a comparative case study of four European universities, it explores the variation of these roles by policy stage and university actors involved in the strategies. Findings suggest universities have expanded to perform new planning-related roles (e.g. consultation, mediation) and that diverse factors (e.g. the regional context, such as urban versus peripheral) determine their participation in regional strategies. However, strategic coordination within universities and with regional bodies is needed for the optimisation of their engagement in the regional governance process. JEL Codes: I23, I25, O20, O30, R58

D. MacKinnon, Stuart Dawley, Markus Steen et al.

The question of how regions and nations develop new sources of industrial growth is of recurring interest in economic geography and planning studies. From an evolutionary economic geography (EEG) perspective, new growth paths emerge out of existing economic activities and their associated assets and conditions. In response to the micro-economic and endogenous focus of much EEG research, this paper utilises a broader evolutionary perspective on path creation which stresses the dynamic interplay between four sets of factors: regional assets; key economic and organisational actors; mechanisms of path creation; and multi-scalar institutional environments and policy initiatives. Reflecting the importance of extra-regional networks and institutions, this framework is also informed by the Global Production Networks (GPN) approach, which highlights the process of strategic coupling between firms and regions and its political and institutional mediation by state institutions at different spatial scales. We deploy this framework to investigate regional path creation in the context of renewable energy technologies, focusing specifically on the offshore wind industry. We adopt a comparative cross-national approach, examining the evolution of offshore wind in Germany, the UK and Norway. Of the three cases, Germany has developed the most deep-rooted and holistic path to date, characterised by leading roles in both deployment and manufacturing. By contrast, path creation in the UK and Norway has evolved in more partial and selective ways. The UK's growth path is developing in a relatively shallow manner, based largely upon deployment and 'outside in' investment, whilst Norway?s path is emerging in an exogenous, ?inside-out? fashion around a fairly confined set of actors and deployment and supply functions. In conclusion, the paper emphasises the important role of national states in orchestrating the strategic coupling of regional and national assets to particular mechanisms of path creation.

Marilia C.P. Borges, Sérgio B. Abreu, Carlos H.R. Lima et al.

Basic sanitation services are essential for human development, promoting health and inhibiting the spread of waterborne diseases. The availability of information on water and sanitation services at the local level supports the formulation, implementation and improvement of public policies aimed at advancing the provision of basic sanitation services to the population. In Brazil, the National Water and Sanitation Data System (SNIS), administered by the Ministry of Regional Development (MDR), is the largest information system for water and sanitation services in the country. Here we present the significant aspects of SNIS and offer the most recent results of water and sanitation services in the country, which reveals that water supply is the sanitation service closest to achieve the universalization preconized by the United Nations with almost 93% of the population served. The situation of sanitary sewer services reveals that only 61.9% of the Brazilian population have sewer collection systems, while only 78.5% of the collected volume is actually treated. The remaining 22.5% of the raw sewer is directly disposed in the environment. With respect to the generated sewer, only 49.1% of the volume is treated. The solid waste data show that a large part of the urban population is served by home collection services. The major challenge of this component is to ensure that the final destination is environmentally appropriate, since there are still many dumps that receive waste from different municipalities. The urban drainage data show that most Brazilian municipalities still have deficiencies in the planning of drainage services.

Jie Chen, Dali Song, Haoan Luan et al.

Although soil microorganism is an active area of research, we are still in the early stages of understanding how living microorganisms influence the accumulations of soil microbial residues under different agricultural practices. Based on a 39-year fertilization experiment, we characterized the soil microbiota and correlated their compositions to soil microbial residues, which are indicated by amino sugars under a rice-wheat rotation. In the present study, fertilization regimes and crop season all exerted significant impacts on the compositions of soil microbial communities and their residues, although no significant difference in the microbial residues was found between soil depth (0–10 cm vs. 10–20 cm). Compared within fertilization regimes, the long-term fertilization, especially the application of organic manure, stimulated the accumulations of carbon (C) and nitrogen in soils and microbial residues. Upland soils in wheat season accumulated more microbial residues, particularly in fungal residues, than paddy soils in rice season. Our results suggested that the long-term application of organic manure favored the growth of soil microbial communities, and then increased the contents of microbial residues, particularly in fungal residues, leading to an enlargement of soil C pools. The keystone taxa Pseudaleuria identified by network analysis showed a significantly positive potential in soil C sequestration by increasing the accumulation of fungal residues. Thus, this study revealed the strong and close connections between microbial communities and their residues, and provided evidence about the critical role of keystone taxa in regulating C sequestration.

Mina Di Marino, M. Tiitu, K. Lapintie et al.

Abstract Scientific advancements on Green Infrastructure (GI) and Ecosystem Services (ES) have been conducted by experts from several disciplines such as landscape ecology, landscape architecture and, more recently, regional and urban planning. However, there are still difficulties in defining and operationalizing GI and ES within planning. This paper explores the possibilities and obstacles in incorporating the GI and ES concepts into policy frameworks, planning strategies and planning practices by taking as case studies the Helsinki-Uusimaa Region and the City of Jarvenpaa in Finland. In both cases, several studies on GI and ES have been developed with the collaboration of academics, research institutes and planners. The literature review focuses on the understanding and integration of GI and ES within land use planning. A qualitative content analysis was conducted of policy and planning documents and interviews with regional and city planners. The results show that while the national policy has already embraced the two concepts, the planning strategies of the Helsinki-Uusimaa Region and the City of Jarvenpaa need to fully integrate GI and ES. A wider and more concrete picture about the difficulties in operationalising GI and ES is provided by the planning practitioners. Rigid regulatory framework and current planning tools still represent obstacles to the effective integration of GI and ES. More science-practice collaborations between experts, practitioners and policymakers should support the development of our cities and urban regions having GI and ES in mind.

Sabina Scarpellini, Pilar Portillo-Tarragona, Alfonso Aranda‐Usón et al.

It has been argued that the circular economy (CE) represents an opportunity to achieve a paradigm shift in territory from the current linear model to a low-carbon, zero-waste economy. In this context, the implementation of the CE is holistically analysed to measure its impact and contribute to the debate about regional environmental management from the different perspectives of society, public administrations, and the private sector. Through a qualitative case study of a Spanish region, the main barriers of CE, such as the lack of funding for undertaking investments and the supply of recycled products, are identified, and the organisation of a waste-exchange system between companies or awareness campaigns concerning the CE are considered relevant incentives to be included in regional planning and management. This study confirms the economic and social win for CE that will be more effective as more CE activities are implemented at regional level.

Gabriela Christmann, Oliver Ibert, J. Jessen et al.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to understand the social process of the emergence and institutionalization of innovations in spatial planning (which we describe as ‘social innovations’). The paper is based on a recently finished empirical and comparative study conducted in four distinct areas of spatial planning in Germany: urban design, neighbourhood development, urban regeneration and regional planning. The empirical cases selected in these areas encompass different topics, historical periods, degrees of maturity and spatial scales of innovation. As a temporal structure of the innovation processes in the different cases we identified five phases: ‘incubating, generating, formatting, stabilizing, adjusting’. In a cross-comparison of the case studies and along these phases, we furthermore found typical (groups of) actors, tensions and conflicts. In the focus of our case analyses are the following dimensions: (1) the content of the innovations, (2) actors, networks and communities involved as well as (3) institutions and institutionalization.

P. Trotter, M. McManus, R. Maconachie

Universal electricity access is an important development objective, and the focus of a number of key global UN initiatives. While robust electricity planning is widely believed to be a prerequisite for effective electrification, to date, no comprehensive overview of electricity planning research has been undertaken on sub-Saharan Africa, the world region with the lowest access rates. This paper reviews quantitative and qualitative electricity planning and related implementation research, considering each of the 49 sub-Saharan African countries, the four regional power pools and the sub-continent as a whole. Applying a broad understanding of electricity planning and a practical limit of 20 reviewed articles per country and region, 306 relevant peer-reviewed journal articles are included in this review. A general classification scheme is introduced that classifies the planning literature along the addressed value chain depth, number of different analysed criteria and number of evaluated decision alternatives. The literature is found to be strongly clustered in a few countries, with less than 5 identified relevant articles in 36 of the 49 countries. The total amount of articles per year is clearly increasing over time, addressing technology choice, operation, distribution and implementation analyses. Although including different high-level criteria in analysing electricity systems is common, the literature is only starting to use formalised multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tools. The review indicates that 63% of relevant articles favour renewable energy technologies for their given problems. Frequently mentioned success factors for electrification in sub-Saharan Africa include adequate policy design, sufficient finance and favourable political conditions. While considerable regional and methodological literature gaps are apparent, the literature in this review identifies a rich and fruitful ground for future research to fill these gaps.

S. Fletcher, M. Lickley, K. Strzepek

Water resources planning requires decision-making about infrastructure development under uncertainty in future regional climate conditions. However, uncertainty in climate change projections will evolve over the 100-year lifetime of a dam as new climate observations become available. Flexible strategies in which infrastructure is proactively designed to be changed in the future have the potential to meet water supply needs without expensive over-building. Evaluating tradeoffs between flexible and traditional static planning approaches requires extension of current paradigms for planning under climate change uncertainty which do not assess opportunities to reduce uncertainty in the future. We develop a new planning framework that assesses the potential to learn about regional climate change over time and therefore evaluates the appropriateness of flexible approaches today. We demonstrate it on a reservoir planning problem in Mombasa, Kenya. This approach identifies opportunities to reliably use incremental approaches, enabling adaptation investments to reach more vulnerable communities with fewer resources. Water resources planning requires infrastructure development consider regional climatic uncertainties. Here the authors introduce a new dynamic planning framework that captures opportunities to learn about climate change over time. By applying it to reservoir planning in Kenya, they show the value of flexible approaches in responding to learning.