Hasil untuk "Regional economics. Space in economics"

Shenghui Li, Charles I. Addey, Raphaël Roman et al.

This paper highlights the urgent need to accelerate research and action on ocean carbon sinks through human intervention, known as the Global Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (Global-ONCE) Programme, as a vital strategy in global efforts to mitigate climate change. Achieving “net zero” by 2050 cannot rely on emission reductions alone, emphasizing the necessity of complementary approaches. Global-ONCE’s mission extends beyond scientific exploration. It embodies a profound commitment to protecting and restoring blue carbon ecosystems, as well as implementing ocean-based solutions that are sustainable, equitable, and inclusive. Early career ocean professionals (ECOPs) are at the heart of these efforts, and their innovative approaches, technical expertise, and passion make them indispensable leaders in advancing ONCE initiatives. ECOPs bridge the gap between science and society, playing a relevant role in integrating cutting-edge research, technological advancements, and community-driven action to address climate threats. By bringing together diverse perspectives and leveraging their interdisciplinary expertise, ECOPs ensure that ONCE strategies are grounded in scientific rigor and practical feasibility. Through advocacy, education, and collaboration, ECOPs not only spearhead research and innovation but also inspire collective action to safeguard our oceans. This paper amplifies the critical role of ECOPs as agents of change and calls for a unified global commitment to harness the ocean’s potential for a climate-resilient future.

Aleksandr V. Bleshchik

Relevance of the issue. This article is devoted to the issue of the significance and role of legal expertise of municipal legal acts in the context of the implementation in Russia of the principle of unity of the system of public authority. The introduction of the provision on the unity of the system of public authority into the constitutional text and its development in the current federal legislation for several years of the constitutional reform never gave a clear idea of the concept. Understanding the practical consequences of the reform is difficult due to the lack of the whole new administrative and political practices that would change the nature of the relationship between the levels of public authority. Research purpose and methods. Today, legal expertise of legal acts as part of the general activity of maintaining a register of municipal legal acts remains a basic way to ensure the unity of the legal space and one of the possible tools for implementing the single public authority concept. The practice of conducting legal expertise of municipal acts by the authorities of the RF entities has revealed a number of problems associated with the uncertainty of the nature of the legal expertise itself, lack of clearly established legal consequences of ignoring its results, with poor methodological and technical equipment of the expertise and, ultimately, with its low quality. In the article, formal legal, comparative, statistical and other research methods were used. Results and proposals. According to the author, the solution to these problems may be associated with the formalization of expert activities, identification of negative consequences that occur if the local government would not eliminate legal defects revealed through legal expertise, and the scientific development of the methodological basis of legal expertise. The purpose of legal expertise, as practice, to ensure the unity of the system of public power, should not only be to check the formal compliance of legal acts of lower legal force with higher ones, but to assess the efficiency of authorities coordination, feasibility of their decisions, correlation of interests at all levels of public power with each other and with the citizens’ interests.

I. Danilova, A. Rezepin

Russian and foreign scientists, as well as government authorities show considerable interest in the theory of economic space. This explains the necessity to expand the theory and elaborate a special field – the theory of spatial systems, determine the typology and features of the evolution, and the patterns of the economic space transformation. The article is devoted to clarifying the content of the components, development trajectories of spatial economic systems in the context of the impact of changes in the sectoral spaces of the regions. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were the scientific representations of the theory of evolutionary economics and dependence on the path of development, the methodology of "new locality" and the system-dynamic approach. It has been shown that the factors of transformation of regional industrial spaces (external, accidental, shock factors) act mainly to consolidate the existing industrial characteristics, increasing the effect of “locked” sectors. The authors present hypothetical variants of models for the evolution of industry spaces, forms of selection and consolidation of their characteristics (driving, disruptive and stabilizing selections); a variety of transformation iterations aimed at development of monostructural economic system is highlighted (taking into account the connectedness, changes in the macro-environment, inherited features and the existing program for the functioning of traditional industry). The conclusions of the study are the basis for the formation of a scientifically based methodology for the strategic planning of the spatial development of regions, the creation of methodological approaches and modeling the evolution of monospecialized regions of Russia.

W. Hope

The global can be encapsulated as a geospatial sphere constituted by geological strata, landforms, sea, biotic life, the human species, and the surrounding biosphere. Globalization as a geospatial concept registers the world-spanning in-teractions of human migration, trade, war, conquest, transport, and communication over historical time. Its contemporary usage spread among academics and journalists once the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. Consequent Soviet Bloc disinte-gration ended fi rst, second and third world demarcations. This terminology was quickly replaced by a globalization nomenclature comprised of networks, vectors, hybridities, transnationality, and the space of fl ows. Left activist scholars advanced an oppositional discourse centered around the categories of global capitalism, transnational capitalism, empire, multitude, alter-globalization, and globalization from below. Globalization-related research coincided with the diffusion of spatial thinking across geography, architecture, urban/regional planning, economics, anthropology, cultural, and post-colonial studies. The underlying premise was that western metanarratives of economic and techno-logical progress along with the counter-narratives of Marxism and critical theory were losing intellectual purchase. research here there time as The process is subtle; the a necessary Time is plural, multifaceted, a constitutive of institutions, power structures, ideologies, civil social perspective, globality is not just a

Robert Briwa

Neolocalism profoundly shapes post-twentieth and early twenty-first century North American cultural landscapes. Neolocalism is a deliberate cultivation of regional and local identities, borne out of a perceived need to “forge better geographical identities” in a globalized world (Shortridge 1996, 10). Neolocalism shapes economics, local and regional identity, sense of place, and social patterns and processes. Its expressions in landscape, food, advertisement, and other socioeconomic practices are deliberate mechanisms for organizing space. Through neolocal processes, the local specificities of places emerge as a response to the homogenizing effects of globalization (Zelinsky 2011; Schnell 2013). Since the late 1990s, North American cultural geographers explore neolocalism through its connection to, and expression within, craft brewing industries (Flack 1997). Inspired by Schnell and Reese (2003) and others (e.g., Flack 1997; Mathews and Patton 2016; Fletchall 2016), the following lesson plan uses craft brewery products to introduce neolocalism to university-level Human Geography students. After surveying geographical literature on the intersections of neolocalism and craft brewing, the lesson plan describes a procedure for use in university Human Geography classrooms. Throughout, it ensures optimal learning outcomes by adapting insights from established best practices in geography pedagogy (e.g., Rose 1996; Park 2003; Revell and Wainwright 2009). Participating students learn the concept of neolocalism, identify ways craft brewers construct neolocal identity, and learn and practice the basics of qualitative content analysis. Qualitative content analysis methods include a range of techniques used to analyze diverse forms of cultural texts. The qualitative content analysis introduced here is derived from work by cultural geographers engaging in visual and textual analyses (e.g., Wyckoff and Dilsaver 1997; Schnell and Reese 2003; Briwa and Wyckoff 2020; Briwa and Bergmann 2020; Bergmann and Briwa 2021). This form of content analysis identifies major themes expressed by cultural texts and recognizes how researchers’ subjective experiences shape processes of identification. It also offers space for reflection on the complex meanings associated with place identity. The lesson contributes to ongoing discussions about the geographies of food and ways in which they can be introduced into geography classrooms (Bosco 2020; Lane, Pedrick, and Mueller 2020; Harner 2020; Greenleaf and Robinson 2020). The place-specificity of food and drink is undeniable. For example, combined soil, climatic, and topographic conditions shape the character of grapes (and subsequently wine) produced at a given place, giving rise to the terroir concept, or the “taste of place.” Neolocalism is an important extension of the terroir concept, explicitly highlighting how human factors—history, social practices, and economic activities—play a role in the production and consumption of food and drink (Schnell 2013; SjölanderLindqvist, Skoglund, and Laven 2020; Bosco 2020; Ikäheimo 2021). Therefore, this lesson plan is a useful addition to the Human Geography classroom.

Nguyen Le Thy Thuong, N. Oanh

The Indo-Pacific region is an area adjacent to some oceans and the gateway that connects the great power and small countries to the world; this region is always considered by Vietnam as a key strategic geographic area, having direct impact on national security, position and its role in this region. While big powers have different perceptions of the Indo-Pacific region, as a country occupying an important geographic position in the Pacific region, Vietnam shares a common vision of an open and rule-based area, and a common interest in maintaining peace, stability and prosperity as well as building a common space for coexistence and development with the belief that the Indo-Asian-Pacific is large enough for every nation to grow and prosper. This article finds out that recent changes in the Indo-Pacific region in geopolitics, economics, security and national defence have made many countries, including Vietnam, redefine their global and regional policies to refresh their strategic perceptions. Vietnam has its own perception, position, approach and national orientations, which is shaping its state behaviour and perspectives in this geopolitically vibrant Indo-Pacific region. Besides, this article uses the SWOT analysis model to determine the challenges, strengths and weaknesses of Vietnam in the Indo-Pacific region. Moreover, while the future of the Indo-Pacific in a post-COVID-19 pandemic world remains filled with uncertainty and economic challenges, the crisis also presents an opportunity for Vietnam to re-evaluate its position. Today, Vietnam always maintains its foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralism and diversification of international relations, which attaches great importance to enhancing multi-faceted cooperation with countries in the Indo-Pacific region. Thus, with its own perception and geostrategic advantage, Vietnam—a developing country in the region and in the world with relatively stable economic growth, pursuing rules and order will be a positive factor for a stable, peaceful and prosperous development in the region.

L. Yao, A. Singleton, Pingjun Sun et al.

As an emerging financial entity, venture capital has a significant impact on regional development. However, the research on venture capital mainly focuses on the fields of finance, management, and economics, and fewer researchers study venture capital from the perspective of geography and space. This research explored the evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of Chinese venture capital spatial agglomeration. The innovation of this paper lies in including the spatial effect and conducting a spatial econometric analysis of the spatial agglomeration of venture capital in China after the exploratory analysis of the factors affecting the spatial agglomeration of venture capital. Firstly, based on the data of study area, this paper found that the spatial distribution of venture capital in China had an obvious agglomeration characteristic by using multiple measurement methods. Secondly, by constructing the spatial econometric model based on three different spatial weight matrices, we found that the science and technology environment, financial environment, social environment, and entrepreneurial environment levels were the main factors to affect the agglomeration of venture capital. Thirdly, due to the degree of spatial agglomeration of venture capital being divided into three stages in terms of time dimension, after the regression analysis of different periods, we found that the factors which affected spatial agglomeration of venture capital changed significantly with the passage of time. In addition, from the regression results of eastern, central, and western region samples, we can see that the degree of spillover effect was the lowest in the central region, the highest in the western region, and the middle in the eastern region. At last, this paper provided useful policy enlightenment for enterprise innovation, industrial upgrading, and regional economic management.

I. Antipin, N. Vlasova, O. Ivanova

With the growing need to ensure the security and sustainability of the national economy’s long-term development under unstable macroeconomic conditions, it is of special relevance to comprehend the inequalities being formed in the socioeconomic space of Russia and its regions. The paper aims to explore the trajectories of the socio-economic space’s inequality at the macro- and meso-levels in the Russian Federation, as well as to determine the strategic priorities for managing interregional differentiation. The study presents an integrated approach based on the primacy of the interconnection and interdependence typical of spatial imbalances. The approach implies the assessment of the dynamics of three groups of indicators that characterize the differences in economic and social development of the Russian regions. Scientific ideas about regional and spatial economics, as well as location theory and strategic management constitute the methodological framework of the research. In the study, dialectical, cause-effect and statistical methods are used. We prove that economic and social spaces in Russia often have opposite development priorities, which hampers the effectiveness of government policy. This requires adjusting the strategic management of spatial imbalances aimed at increasing the efficiency of public administration mechanisms and methods, and improving the consistency of development indicators of the country and its regions with long-term socio-economic goals. Having assessed the problems of regulation of the socio-economic development inequalities and performed a discourse analysis of relevant documents, the article develops the key thrusts for improving the system of strategic planning in Russia. The findings add to the development of a scientifically based approach to implementing strategic management of spatial inequalities in the socio-economic development of Russia and its regions.

P. Graves

Mikhaylov А. S. , Wendt J. A. , Peker I. Yu. et al.

A key competitive advantage of a contemporary economy, knowledge, is distributed unevenly, tending to concentrate in cities and urban agglomerations. A border position translates into distinctive features of regional innovative development. In a favourable institutional context, proximity to a border strengthens transboundary cooperation and interaction between neighbouring regions. Although frequent social contacts across borders are well documented in the literature, the effect that the border has on intensive knowledge transfer is yet to be investigated. This article analyses models of knowledge integration taking place between Russia’s northwestern regions and the countries that their border. The study covers six territories of the Northwestern federal district (the Republic of Karelia, St Petersburg, and the Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk, and Pskov regions); five regions of the Central federal district (Belgorod, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kursk, and Smolensk); and one region of the Southern federal district (Rostov). The methodology of the study consists of using information from the Scopus abstract and citation database to assess the intensity of research cooperation. The findings suggest that the degree of involvement in transboundary research cooperation varies widely across Russia’s border regions.

Wahyu Dwi Artaningtyas, Asih Sri Winarti, Jamzani Sodik

The economic growth of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta or DIY) surrounding areas is naturally originated from agglomeration which was driven by the spatial concentration of economic activities including the aspects of space, community level, city scale, and region. This study aims to determine the development and linkages between production agglomeration and population agglomeration to the economic growth that occurs in DIY. The approach used is the estimation method of fixed effect panel data regression using DIY city/regency administration data in 2005-2016. The results showed that population agglomeration had a significant and positive effect on economic growth, while production agglomeration had no effect on economic growth in model I. Whereas in model II, it is known that production and population agglomeration affected economic growth, labor force negatively affected growth, and unemployment positively and significantly affected economic growth. On the other hand, the poverty level and HDI variables have a negative effect on economic growth. Cities/regencies that have a positive fixed cross effect on economic growth are Sleman, Gunungkidul, and Kulonprogo Regency, while Yogya City and Bantul Regency show a negative sign.

Kati Volgmann, Angelika Münter

This paper contributes to the discussion about the driving forces behind the polycentric restructuring of urban regions involving a centripetal process of metropolization and a centrifugal process leading to a regionalization of cities. Using the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main urban region in Germany as an example, it analyzes how these processes are manifested in the regional spatial structure. Two different empirical explorations are applied to reveal the spatial distribution and clustering of (1) knowledge-based industry (KBI) firms on a locational scale and (2) the sectoral specializations of and complementarities between the identified clusters. On the one hand, the identified traditional and new KBI clusters mirror the region’s traditional polycentric structure; on the other, the Frankfurt central business district stands out as the definite hotspot for KBI activities within the region. Thus, metropolization processes turn out to be the dominant driver of urban restructuring. Regarding the latter, the analysis shows that new KBI clusters frequently demonstrate strong monofunctional specialization and tend to complement and relieve traditional central business districts with regard to specific types of KBI activities, particularly in high-technology manufacturing and related high-technology knowledge-intensive services.

Deep Shumank, Asim Mohd, Khan Mohd Kashif

Practically speaking, not all real estate construction projects are accomplished in the defined span and within budget. Various factors responsible for occurrence of delays are one of the long-standing issues in the field of real estate. Delays make contractors endure productivity loss, cause high disturbance expenses, and prolongation costs. The aim of the research is to summarize several delay causing factors, which are observed in the execution of previous real estate construction projects. It then proposes implementation of standard prevention procedures to minimize delays. Time effect examination is the approach to evaluating and allotting the upshots of delays or changing a venture schedule. This review sets execution framework of the two sub-principles of the Toyota Way attributes known as philosophy sub-principles and process subprinciples to guide real estate construction businesses in their lean change to delay free real estate construction work. These are implemented after investigating the critical factors responsible for delays in the delayed projects by comparing their as-planned schedules with the adjusted schedules. Methods used in the research include structured surveys and content analysis, which is performed after collection of quantitative data from the respondents. The lean construction principles will be designed and provided to clients to be productive in performing work packages on their scheduled time with minimum possibility of time overrun.

Rogelio De la Mora Valencia

No contiene resumen.

Król Karol

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the work was to evaluate the quality of the websites of agritourism farms in the Visegrad Group countries. Materials and methods: Evaluation of website quality was based on selected “site authority” measures, from the so-called SEO metrics: Trust Rank, Moz Rank and Page Authority, as well as measurement of the selected performance parameters of websites. The research was conducted on a group of 400 websites of agritourism farms, whose addresses were obtained from selected web directories. Results: In the case of as many as 331 sites (approx. 83%) Trust Rank lower than 1 point was recorded. The majority of tested websites are characterised by an average value of the Moz Rank index and a low value of the Page Authority index. The average time taken to load the website in the browser window for the first time was about 2.7 seconds, with as many as 68 (17%) websites being loaded in over 5 seconds. Conclusions: The tested websites are characterised by low values of the authority index, which may indicate poor quality, poor visibility in search results and a lack of recommendations from other valuable sites. Low index values may also mean that, despite the global potential, the tested websites have a merely local impact. Their existence is known to a small number of people and their Internet visibility is negligible or nonexistent. Websites published in such a manner do not fulfil their function.

Klyap Marianna, Klyap Mykhailo

The article clarifies the concept of “innovation”, including “educational innovation”, examines some innovative teaching methods in universities. The main approaches of implementation innovations in modern higher education of Ukraine are analysed. It also defines the differences between traditional and innovative teaching, discovers different variants of the classification of innovative teaching methods and formulates basic approaches to the selection of innovative didactic purpose in accordance with the classes, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of certain methods. It tightly describes actual interpretation of innovative study methods in the Ukrainian higher educational institutions, as well as the realization of the innovative aspects in the separate Ukrainian universities. The importance of innovation in the learning process of entering higher education of Ukraine into the European educational space is also being highlighted.

Haryo Kuncoro

Any government plays an important role in an economy. The role us presented by both its revenue and expenditure. The net difference of the revenue and expenditure, therefore, determines the type of the revenue and expenditure, therefore, determines the type of fiscal policy implementation.

Sergey Valentinovich Kuznetsov , Nikolay Maratovich Mezhevich, Stanislav Sergeyevich Lachininskii

This paper presents the results of the research dedicated to the role of space in the modernization of the economy of the North-West maсro-region of Russia conducted in 2012–2014, within the framework of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) №31 "The role of space in the modernization of Russia: natural and socio-economic potential." The analysis is based on the methodology, which was developed at the Institute of Regional Economy of RAS. Possibilities of modernization of the Russian economy are due to competitive advantages, "inherited characteristics" and public policy of regions and major macro-regions development. Recourses of modernization have a spatial component, which significantly affects the positioning of the region, its companies, firms and projects in the globalized geo-economic space. It is noted that the characteristics of multi-factor situation, taking into account the “inherited characteristics” of spatial development, the nature of geopolitical and geo-economic situation, transformation of the socio-economic area, evaluation the role of internal and external factors, including the impact of globalization and the state regional policy, as well as assessment of the role of internal spatial inversion of macro-region and innovation potential of regional development mostly define the corridors for modernization of the economy of the regions. It is found that four groups of factors highlighted in this study allow to take into account the wide range of opportunities and constraints for the modernization of the economy of the North-West macro region. On the basis of interdisciplinary synthesis within the geospatial paradigms, taking into account the developments of domestic economists-regionalists, economic geographers and western views in the framework of the space science, the idea of A. I. Tatarkin about "new sources of territorial competitiveness" was confirmed, by the example of a model region of the North-West of Russia. Thus, in the study, based on calculations of the index of integration into the world economy, it is shown that the possibilities of modernization are associated with the degree of openness and competitiveness of regions in the global context. On the example of this macro-region, the space capabilities and limitations of economic modernization, typical for Russia, are identified. Specific ways of the modernization project of the economy of the North-West macro-region are defined, taking into account domestic resources, spatial disparities, “inherited features”, global economic factors, internal constraints and others. The results will be reflected in the implementation of fundamental research of team within the Program of the Presidium of RAS №16 "Spatial Development of Russia in XXI century: nature, society, and their interaction."

Magdalena Boruch, Justyna Myśliwiec, Renata Chyżewska et al.

The area of the Poniatowski Hill, the subject of this research, is located in the architectural and landscape complex of Nałęczów spa, which is inscribed in the monuments register of Lubelskie Voivodship. At present, the hill is covered by dry-ground forest. The area is neglected and undoubtedly deserves restoration to the proper aesthetics. The location near the center of the town creates a need for arrangement of the terrain and adaptation for recreation and rest. Owing to the commitment of the authorities of Nałęczów and the local community, the idea of development design of the Poniatówka, as the hill is known, has been conceived. The design process has been preceded by complex analysis of the terrain and the project was framed on the basis of the outcomes. The conception complies with the necessity to maintain the hill in the least altered shape.

Agnieszka Rzeńca

Nowe wyzwania stojące przed samorządem terytorialnym w zakresie gospodarki zasobooszczędnej i niskoemisyjnej obligują władze lokalne do podejmowania wielu nowych inicjatyw na rzecz sprawnego zarządzania terytorium i sterowania procesami jego rozwoju. Kluczowe staje się budowanie i wzmacnianie partnerstwa instytucjonalnego oraz pozyskanie aktywnych i różnorodnych uczestników procesów rozwojowych jednostek terytorialnych dla realizacji zakładanych celów. Okres programowania 2014–2020 stwarza realne szanse na budowanie rzeczywistego partnerstwa w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju, szczególnie w obszarach funkcjonalnych jakimi są obszary metropolitalne. Nowym instrumentem polityki rozwoju dedykowanym tym obszarom są Zintegrowane Inwestycje Terytorialne (ZIT). Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja uwarunkowań budowania partnerstwa na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju w nowym okresie programowanie oraz szans i zagrożeń. Studium przypadku stanowi Łódzki Obszar Metropolitalny.