Geopolitical changes lead to a transformation of the economy and social conditions for the livelihoods of the population. Different population densities, land fertility, and differences in income levels initiate the use of different approaches to providing the world’s population with food. The impact of sanctions against Russia on food supply and food security in the world, in particular considering the “grain deal,” remains poorly understood. The purpose of the work is to analyze the processes of food supply and achieving food security in the countries of the world, considering the introduction of sanctions by Western countries against Russia. The objectives of the study are as follows: to analyze the current situation in food supply, to identify the main threats to food security in the world as a whole, to propose solutions to reduce the negative impact of sanctions imposed against some states on third countries. The results of the study provide substantiation of proposals aimed at resolving issues of ensuring food security in the world under sanctions pressure on exporters of agricultural products.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
General elections are a proof that the Indonesian state adheres to a democratic system in which decision-making always involves the community. In general elections, community participation is needed to achieve a complete democracy so that the KPU's role in increasing community participation is necessary. This article aims to analyze the role of the KPU in increasing community participation and its obstacles in the 2024 elections. This research uses qualitative research methods with literature data collection. The data taken by researchers comes from articles, journals, websites and others relevant to this research. The research uses an informative juridical approach that makes Law No. 7 of 2017 as a reference. After analyzing this research, it results that the role of the KPU in increasing community participation is to provide socialization to the community, invite the community to participate in peaceful election campaigns and anti hoaxes, increase public trust in the government and finally provide the facilities needed during elections. when carrying out its duties and responsibilities, the KPU also often gets challenges from several factors. The factors that hinder the KPU in carrying out its duties are technical, political and socialization factors as well as the limitations of people with disabilities.
У статті проаналізовано та представлено основні слабкі місця щодо взаємодії стейкхолдерів в освітньому середовищі. Здійснено аналіз наукових джерел, і вітчизняних, і зарубіжних, щодо сутності понять «стейкхолдер», «внутрішній стейкхолдер», «зовнішній стейкхолдер», оскільки немає чіткого розуміння участі цих учасників в освітньому середовищі. Визначено прямий та непрямий вплив стейкхолдерів на якість освітнього процесу та формування освітнього продукту. Представлене дослідження зумовлене непростою на сьогодні ситуацією в Україні, яка безпосередньо впливає на організацію освітнього процесу, на запити бізнес-структур, на виникнення нових професій, яких потребує ринок праці, та зникнення професій або їх трансформацію до нового поділу праці в суспільстві. У ході емпіричного дослідження було встановлено слабкі місця в освітньому процесі, які потребують інноваційних підходів ворганізації, зокрема набуття науково-педагогічними працівниками навичок нових педагогічних ролей; урахування запитів зовнішніх стейкхолдерів, а саме роботодавців, бізнес-структур, із якими має бути тісна співпраця щодо створення освітнього продукту; практико-орієнтованого навчання, що сприяє формуванню фахівця як особистості, яка готова до викликів сьогодення та легко може трансформувати свої знання, вміння й навички, орієнтуючись на зміни в суспільстві.
Education (General), Theory and practice of education
Legislation is one of the legal products of the number of existing legal products. The legislation contains general and abstract legal norms. It is general because existing legal norms apply to every legal subject in general. While being called abstract lies like legal norms which are not concrete in regulating legal events and are the object of regulation. Thus, a good law which incidentally is a type of legislation must have a philosophical basis, a sociological basis, and a juridical basis. Based on the principle of a rule of law, namely that government is organized based on laws, then in running a government it must refer to statutory regulations which become guidelines for the administration of a country based on the will of the people. The constitution is the guideline in the state and then elaborated in laws and regulations. This type of research is normative research. The approach used is a statutory approach (statute approach) and a conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The source of data used is secondary data. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. The conclusion is carried out using the deductive method, namely from general to specific, especially those related to the research topic, namely the Juridical Review of the House of Representatives in Making Public Policy in the Perspective of Law No. 17 of 2014. The result found community is concerned that in implementing or enforcing the law, justice is considered. In upholding the law, there must be a compromise between legal certainty, benefit, and justice, the three elements must receive proportional and balanced attention. Thus, legislation is a political product from which legislators turn into legal products when their preparation meets the elements of legal certainty, benefit, and justice in a proportional and balanced manner. There is a paradigm that the law governing representative institutions is part of a package of laws in the political field that needs to be changed. Laws governing representative institutions need to be seen as laws in the institutional context of the constitutional system. As previously stated, one of the problems that arise as a result of this law being considered as part of a package of regulations in the political field is institutional arrangements.
Aims: The purpose of the research is to provide a philosophical justification for institutional and functional innovations in the public administration sector of Poland in the context of the balance of nationally authentic and globally European administrative and managerial development. The objectives of the research are focused on the transformation of traditional managerial strategies interpretation to an innovative public administration paradigm in terms of two socio-philosophical dimensions: the format (the work of the governing sector transition to information technology dominance) and the content (the adherence to democratic guidelines in the interaction of government, business, and citizens). Methodology: To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, both the classical methodological arsenal of general scientific methods (mainly rationalistic and analytical) and innovative methodological approaches of a synergistic type, namely the self-organisation and the interdisciplinarity, are used. Results: The results of the study identified the following priority vectors of development of the public administration sector in Poland as a member state of the European Union: in the institutional cluster - democracy and rule of law; in the functionality segment - pragmatism and innovation. The governance sector in a developed country is designed to provide such targeted socio-cultural elements as accessibility, equality, unity, diversity, and authenticity. The tools for achieving a high level of social development in the modern philosophical and worldview picture of the world are: digitalisation, communication, technologisation, and pragmatisation of the management process. Scientific Novelty: The scientific novelty of the study focuses on the correlation of traditional and innovative characteristics of management strategies in the developing countries in the socio-political, socio-economic, and cultural aspects (on the example of the case of the public administration sector in Poland). Conclusion: The maintenance of a balance between the normative and regulatory components of the state administrative structure and creative and innovative individual elements contributes to the formation of a holistic paradigm of civil society that acts as a guarantor of compliance with humanistic and value-based guidelines in the process of the community socio-cultural development (local or global).
The article, based on a literature review, examines the impact of electoral systems on the fluidity party system in sub-Saharan Africa. Most authors identify institutional and social factors influencing the change in party systems. At the same time, they use the indices Laakso and Taagepera and Rae to operationalize variable parties. However, there is a lack of research in the literature on electoral systems regarding its impact on stability or change of interparty competition patterns. This is due to, firstly, the relative novelty of the recently developed index of fluidity, and secondly, the desire of scholars to use already widely tested, established measures of measurement. We believe that, in contrast to previous studies, where the unit of analysis is the party and not the party system. The Index of Fluidity will allow us to predict how majoritarian or proportional systems and WGI scores will affect the structure or fluidity of party systems in 49 sub-Saharan African countries. The results of study indicate that the changes taking place in electoral systems have significantly affected the fluidity of party systems. The results of the study indicate that measures of WGI and ethnicity negatively affected fluidity of party systems in 49 sub-Saharan African countries. This suggests that the more unstable the party system, the more ineffective the government becomes. Whereas the results of the main hypothesis indicate a statistically significant effect of changing electoral systems on the fluidity of party systems. In other words, the more often political reforms are carried out in the electoral sphere, the higher the indicators of instability of party system, which, according to the typology of party system of Sartori, will change either radically from one-party to polarized pluralism or atomised party system or slightly from one-party to hegemonistic or predominant.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Wabah virus corona (Covid-19) yang sedang melanda dunia pada dewasa ini, hal tersebut bukan suatu wabah yang dianggap remeh atau diabaikan begitu saja. Implementasi kebijakan pemerintah terkait pembebasan narapidana melalui program integrasi dan program asimilasi adalah wujud upaya dalam menanggulangi penyebaran corona virus Covid-19 pada lembaga pemasyarakatan, lembaga pembinaan khusus anak, maupun rumah tahanan negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui respon masyarakat mengenai kebijakan pembebasan narapidana guna penanggulangan penyebaran covid-19 di RT 022 RW 006 Dusun Punjul Desa Punjul Kecamatan Karangrejo Kabupaten Tulungagung yang dilihat dari tiga dimensi yaitu afektif, kognitif, dan konatif. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan populasi yang berjumlah 102 orang , diambil sampel secara acak sejumlah 42 responden. Menggunakan angket skala Likert dalam teknik pengumpulan data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa masyarakat memiliki kognitif yang cukup terhadap kebijakan pembebasan narapidana dengan nilai mean sebesar 2,96, Afektif sebesar 2,83, Konatif sebesar 3,83. Kemudian disimpulkan dari ketiga dimensi tersebut menjadi suatu respon masyarakat dengan nilai mean sebesar 3,20 dan diperlukan suatu sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat terkait kebijakan pembebasan narapidana.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Political institutions and public administration (General)
The corruption threat remains one of the key ones in the economy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this work is to formulate recommendations on the neutralization of the corruption threat in the enterprise of the commercial sector of the economy. The author discusses the features of law enforcement practice in the Russian Federation and foreign experience in combating corporate fraud. The analysis of statistics on the amount of losses and the number of cases of abuse associated with the use of his ofcial position in a commercial organization is carried out. The developed model of corporate relationships allows identifying the sources of corruption and analyzing the effectiveness of the implementation of anti-corruption mechanisms. Practical recommendations on the implementation of anti-corruption mechanisms in enterprises have been proposed.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
In article is considered of recreational potential of territory as element of potential of a sustainable development of the region. The concept of recreational potential and two approaches to definition of category of recreational resources is given. Formulate types and options of stability of eco-nomic systems and also mathematical models of three options of stability. Besedes in article is given of author’s assessment of size natural capital of the Russian Federation. Conditions of ensuring normal stability of economic system are formulated.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Pavel Aleksandrovich Merkulov, Yulia Mikhailovna Smirnova
In the article the essence of law-making activity of local governments is considered, its basic principles are opened. Implementation of law-making activity of local governments on the basis of the considered principles promotes ensuring legitimacy of their decisions.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
AbstractIn this article, we investigate whether differences in social trust and impartial public administration have an impact on public confidence in EU crisis management institutions. Our assessment is based on a cross‐country comparison using aggregate country‐level data of the member states in the European Union. Earlier studies on the EU as a crisis manager have not carefully studied to what extent differences in social trust and administrative culture may or may not matter. Our analysis shows that in countries where citizens are treated impartially by their own national public administration institutions, people are less likely to support EU‐coordinated civil protection efforts. In contrast, in places where citizens perceive their government's treatment of them as partial and unfair, citizens will tend to support EU‐coordinated civil protection.