Hasil untuk "Pharmaceutical industry"

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arXiv Open Access 2026
The Patient/Industry Trade-off in Medical Artificial Intelligence

Rina Khan, Annabelle Sauve, Imaan Bayoumi et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has led to many promising developments; however, increasingly, AI research is funded by the private sector leading to potential trade-offs between benefits to patients and benefits to industry. Health AI practitioners should prioritize successful adaptation into clinical practice in order to provide meaningful benefits to patients, but translation usually requires collaboration with industry. We discuss three features of AI studies that hamper the integration of AI into clinical practice from the perspective of researchers and clinicians. These include lack of clinically relevant metrics, lack of clinical trials and longitudinal studies to validate results, and lack of patient and physician involvement in the development process. For partnerships between industry and health research to be sustainable, a balance must be established between patient and industry benefit. We propose three approaches for addressing this gap: improved transparency and explainability of AI models, fostering relationships with industry partners that have a reputation for centering patient benefit in their practices, and prioritization of overall healthcare benefits. With these priorities, we can sooner realize meaningful AI technologies used by clinicians where mutua

en cs.CY, cs.AI
arXiv Open Access 2025
AI Education in a Mirror: Challenges Faced by Academic and Industry Experts

Mahir Akgun, Hadi Hosseini

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, the gap between academic AI education and real-world industry challenges remains an important area of investigation. This study provides preliminary insights into challenges AI professionals encounter in both academia and industry, based on semi-structured interviews with 14 AI experts - eight from industry and six from academia. We identify key challenges related to data quality and availability, model scalability, practical constraints, user behavior, and explainability. While both groups experience data and model adaptation difficulties, industry professionals more frequently highlight deployment constraints, resource limitations, and external dependencies, whereas academics emphasize theoretical adaptation and standardization issues. These exploratory findings suggest that AI curricula could better integrate real-world complexities, software engineering principles, and interdisciplinary learning, while recognizing the broader educational goals of building foundational and ethical reasoning skills.

en cs.CY, cs.AI
arXiv Open Access 2025
Empowering Real-World: A Survey on the Technology, Practice, and Evaluation of LLM-driven Industry Agents

Yihong Tang, Kehai Chen, Liang Yue et al.

With the rise of large language models (LLMs), LLM agents capable of autonomous reasoning, planning, and executing complex tasks have become a frontier in artificial intelligence. However, how to translate the research on general agents into productivity that drives industry transformations remains a significant challenge. To address this, this paper systematically reviews the technologies, applications, and evaluation methods of industry agents based on LLMs. Using an industry agent capability maturity framework, it outlines the evolution of agents in industry applications, from "process execution systems" to "adaptive social systems." First, we examine the three key technological pillars that support the advancement of agent capabilities: Memory, Planning, and Tool Use. We discuss how these technologies evolve from supporting simple tasks in their early forms to enabling complex autonomous systems and collective intelligence in more advanced forms. Then, we provide an overview of the application of industry agents in real-world domains such as digital engineering, scientific discovery, embodied intelligence, collaborative business execution, and complex system simulation. Additionally, this paper reviews the evaluation benchmarks and methods for both fundamental and specialized capabilities, identifying the challenges existing evaluation systems face regarding authenticity, safety, and industry specificity. Finally, we focus on the practical challenges faced by industry agents, exploring their capability boundaries, developmental potential, and governance issues in various scenarios, while providing insights into future directions. By combining technological evolution with industry practices, this review aims to clarify the current state and offer a clear roadmap and theoretical foundation for understanding and building the next generation of industry agents.

en cs.CL
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Advances in Loading Techniques and Quality by Design for Fused Deposition Modeling in Pharmaceutical Production: A Systematic Review

Yusra Ahmed, Azza A. K. Mahmoud, Krisztina Ludasi et al.

Background/Objectives: Three-dimensional printing technology has emerging interest in pharmaceutical manufacturing, offering new opportunities for personalized medicine and customized drug delivery systems. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is highly regarded in the pharmaceutical industry because of its cost effectiveness, easy operation, and versatility in creating pharmaceutical dosage forms. This review investigates different methods of incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into filament matrices for use in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Methods: Two electronic databases, the Web of Science and PubMed, were utilized to survey the literature. The selected keywords for this review were as follows: fused filament fabrication OR fused deposition modeling OR FDM OR FFF AND 3D printing AND loading techniques OR impregnation techniques AND solid dosage form. Results: This paper evaluates various loading techniques such as soaking, supercritical impregnation, microwave impregnation, and hot-melt extrusion, focusing on their effectiveness and capacity for drug incorporation. Additionally, this review includes a thorough risk assessment of the extrusion process using Ishikawa and SWOT analyses. Conclusions: Overall, this review provides comprehensive insights into the latest advancements in 3D printing for pharmaceutical applications and identifies key areas for future research and development.

Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Modulation of Stem Cell Differentiation and Its Therapeutic Applications

Chang-Dae Kim, Kyeong-Mo Koo, Hyung-Joo Kim et al.

Challenges in directed differentiation and survival limit the clinical use of stem cells despite their promising therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool to address these challenges and enable precise control over stem cell fate. In particular, nanomaterials can mimic an extracellular matrix and provide specific cues to guide stem cell differentiation and proliferation in the field of nanotechnology. For instance, recent studies have demonstrated that nanostructured surfaces and scaffolds can enhance stem cell lineage commitment modulated by intracellular regulation and external stimulation, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, autophagy, or electrical stimulation. Furthermore, nanoframework-based and upconversion nanoparticles can be used to deliver bioactive molecules, growth factors, and genetic materials to facilitate stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. The increasing use of nanostructures in stem cell research has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, this review provides an overview of recent advances in nanomaterials for modulating stem cell differentiation, including metal-, carbon-, and peptide-based strategies. In addition, we highlight the potential of these nano-enabled technologies for clinical applications of stem cell therapy by focusing on improving the differentiation efficiency and therapeutics. We believe that this review will inspire researchers to intensify their efforts and deepen their understanding, thereby accelerating the development of stem cell differentiation modulation, therapeutic applications in the pharmaceutical industry, and stem cell therapeutics.

DOAJ Open Access 2024
ID147 Efetividade da tecnologia flash para monitorização e controle glicêmico de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo I

Roberto Carlos Lyra da Silva, Esther Cytrynbaum Young, Solange Travassos de Figueiredo et al.

Introdução O controle estrito e precoce da glicemia com insulinoterapia intensiva é essencial para reduzir as complicações crônicas da doença. Um dos grandes avanços da tecnologia para o tratamento do diabetes foi o desenvolvimento da técnica de leitura da glicose intersticial e sua correlação com a glicemia capilar (GC). A tecnologia de monitoramento Flash de glicose foi introduzida no arsenal tecnológico para a orientação terapêutica do diabetes, tendo como uma das principais vantagens, não necessitar de calibração com a glicemia capilar (GC) e apresentar menor custo quando comparada a CGM tradicional, associada ao não à bomba de insulina. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a efetividade do dispositivo Flash em pacientes com DM1, acompanhados em um serviço de referência terciária em um hospital universitário. Métodos Coorte prospectiva do tipo aberta, com amostragem não probabilística, formada por 30 pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de DM1, atendidos no Ambulatório de Endocrinologia do Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle no Rio de Janeiro (HUGG), no período de maio a agosto de 2019. O protocolo nº 94672518.0.0000.5258 foi aprova[1]do pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa local. Foram incluídos pacientes com DM1, com pelo menos um ano de doença; idade superior a 18 anos; que estavam orientados a realizar glicemias capilares antes das principais refeições e ao deitar-se, com glicosímetros com possibilidade de download dos dados (Accu chek Active®) e que concordaram com a utilização do sensor FSL pelo período de 28 dias. Os indivíduos com DM1 gestantes e condições médicas graves foram excluídos. A estatística inferencial foi aplicada para avaliar a efetividade do sistema FSL no controle glicêmico, considerando as variáveis de desfecho: tempo no alvo (TA), hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia nível 2. Para avaliar se houve variação significativa nas medidas do sistema Accu chek 360® em relação ao FSL foi utilizado teste de Wilcoxon para dados numéricos e pelo teste de McNemar corrigido para dados categóricos. Resultados Dados de 24 pacientes foram analisados. A análise comparativa entre as medidas de glicemias alcançados com LIBRE® total (A+B), em relação ao Accu chek 360®, observou-se aumento significativo no número avaliações de glicose (3:(3-5) com Accu chek 360® versus 13:(8-9) com LIBRE®), aumento significativo do percentual de glicemia no alvo (70-180mg/dl), (43% com Accu chek 360® versus 65% com LIBRE®), e no percentual de hipoglicemia nível 2 (< 54mg/dl), (2% com Accu chek 360® versus 5% com LIBRE® total A +B). Observou-se um aumento significativo no percentual de pacientes com classificação glicemia média no alvo (70-180 mg/dl) atingido e no alvo (>250mg/dl) atingido com LIBRE® (total, A e B) em relação ao Accu chek 360®; e queda significativa no percentual de pacientes com alvo (< 54mg/dl) atingido do LIBRE® (total, 1 e 2) em relação ao Accu chek 360®. Não se observou variação significativa entre LIBRE® B e Accu chek 360®. Discussão e conclusões Em estudos de mundo real, o aumento da varredura de glicose com o sensor LIBRE® foi associado ao aumento do tempo de glicemia no alvo, diminuição no tempo de hiperglicemia e hipoglicemia (5). Ao comparar grupos de maior frequência de varreduras com os de menor frequência, tanto os estudos de Dunn et al. (6), quanto os de Gomez- Peralta et al. (7) e Jangam et al. (8) verificaram que um maior número de leituras está significativamente associado a menores níveis de HbA1c, menor tempo passado em hipoglicemia/hiperglicemia e maior tempo passado no intervalo alvo. Uma maior frequência de monitorização está relacionada a melhor controle glicêmico, como demonstrado em estudo em que o aumento da frequência da monitorização foi associado à melhora da HbA1c (9). A meta preconizada pelo Consenso Internacional de Tempo no Alvo de 2019 para a hipoglicemia clinicamente significativa (glicemia < 54mg/dl em proporção menor que 1% das medidas realizadas em 24 horas) não foi atingida com o uso dos dois sistemas avaliados, sendo a proporção de hipoglicemias maior com o uso do FSL (Accu chek 360® 2% versus LIBRE® 5%). Entretanto, o LIBRE® mostrou algum benefícios para manter a glicemia no alvo.

Pharmacy and materia medica, Pharmaceutical industry
arXiv Open Access 2024
Design Challenges for Robots in Industrial Applications

Nesreen Mufid

Nowadays, electric robots play big role in many fields as they can replace humans and/or decrease the amount of load on humans. There are several types of robots that are present in the daily life, some of them are fully controlled by humans while others are programmed to be self-controlled. In addition there are self-control robots with partial human control. Robots can be classified into three major kinds: industry robots, autonomous robots and mobile robots. Industry robots are used in industries and factories to perform mankind tasks in the easier and faster way which will help in developing products. Typically industrial robots perform difficult and dangerous tasks, as they lift heavy objects, handle chemicals, paint and assembly work and so on. They are working all the time hour after hour, day by day with the same precision and they do not get tired which means that they do not make errors due to fatigue. Indeed, they are ideally suited to complete repetitive tasks.

en cs.RO, eess.SP
arXiv Open Access 2024
Social Dilemma of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions

Alina Glaubitz, Feng Fu

In fighting infectious diseases posing a global health threat, ranging from influenza to Zika, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), such as social distancing and face covering, remain mitigation measures public health can resort to. However, the success of NPI lies in sufficiently high levels of collective compliance, otherwise giving rise to waves of infection incidences that are not only driven by pathogen evolution but also changing vigilance in the population. Here we show that compliance with each NPI measure can be highly dynamic and context-dependent during an ongoing epidemic, where individuals may prefer one to another or even do nothing, leading to intricate temporal switching behavior of NPI adoptions. By characterizing dynamic regimes through the perceived costs of NPI measures and their effectiveness in particular regarding face covering and social distancing, our work offers new insights into overcoming barriers in NPI adoptions.

en physics.soc-ph
DOAJ Open Access 2023
Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico no tratamento com Sofosbuvir e Daclatasvir em paciente com Hepatite C e Câncer Metastático: um relato de caso.

Amanda dos Santos Teles Cardoso, Marcelo Tavares Pereira, Cinara Vasconcelos da Silva et al.

 Introdução: O medicamento tem natureza híbrida, ou seja, promove benefícios à saúde, mas também portam riscos. O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, atividade ofertada aos pacientes em tratamento da Hepatite C, beneficiários de um plano de saúde para servidores públicos conveniado com a Farmácia da Universidade, tem se revelado uma ferramenta importante para o uso racional de medicamentos e o alcance de bons resultados com a farmacoterapia, principalmente em pacientes com condições crônicas. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil do paciente e os problemas relacionados com medicamento, identificando as intervenções propostas pela equipe de farmacêuticos os resultados alcançados. Métodos: As informações foram obtidas dos formulários de acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico utilizados no atendimento ao paciente no ano de 2017. Todo registro clínico foi feito nos moldes da metodologia SOAP, com adaptações. Resultados: Paciente do sexo feminino, 54 anos, diagnosticada com Hepatite C (F1), câncer de crânio com metástase óssea e câncer de pulmão primário, em uso de 10 (dez) medicamentos prescritos, incluindo medicamentos paliativos, anticonvulsivante, quimioterapia e chá por automedicação, com indicação tratamento da Hepative C com daclatasvir e sofosbovir. A partir da análise dos medicamentos utilizados foi identificado 1 (um) problema relacionado ao medicamento, 1 (uma) interação medicamentosa importante, 1 (um) problema de adesão aos medicamentos e reações adversas medicamentosas decorrentes do uso do anticonvulsivante e da quimioterapia. O aprazamento dos medicamentos em uso pela paciente foi readequado, sendo também sugeridas ao prescritor e acatadas duas substituições do medicamento anticonvulsivante (uma por interação medicamentosa e outra por reação adversa). DISCUSSÃO: O conhecimento sobre interação das drogas antivirais de ação direta com as utilizadas no tratamento paliativo do câncer metastático são pouco robustos. A revisão do aprazamento facilitou da administração dos medicamentos, a substituição do anticonvulsivante e suspensão do uso de chá preveniu a ocorrência de interação medicamentosa e contribuiu no aumento da adesão. Conclusão: o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico dispensado à paciente demonstrou-se relevante, pois possibilitou prevenir a ocorrência de problemas relacionados aos medicamentos como eventos adversos e interações medicamentosas, evidenciando a importância da relação farmacêutico/paciente.

Pharmacy and materia medica, Pharmaceutical industry
arXiv Open Access 2023
InProC: Industry and Product/Service Code Classification

Simerjot Kaur, Andrea Stefanucci, Sameena Shah

Determining industry and product/service codes for a company is an important real-world task and is typically very expensive as it involves manual curation of data about the companies. Building an AI agent that can predict these codes automatically can significantly help reduce costs, and eliminate human biases and errors. However, unavailability of labeled datasets as well as the need for high precision results within the financial domain makes this a challenging problem. In this work, we propose a hierarchical multi-class industry code classifier with a targeted multi-label product/service code classifier leveraging advances in unsupervised representation learning techniques. We demonstrate how a high quality industry and product/service code classification system can be built using extremely limited labeled dataset. We evaluate our approach on a dataset of more than 20,000 companies and achieved a classification accuracy of more than 92\%. Additionally, we also compared our approach with a dataset of 350 manually labeled product/service codes provided by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and obtained an accuracy of more than 96\% resulting in real-life adoption within the financial domain.

en q-fin.CP
arXiv Open Access 2023
How industrial clusters influence the growth of the regional GDP: A spatial-approach

Vahidin Jeleskovic, Steffen Loeber

In this paper, we employ spatial econometric methods to analyze panel data from German NUTS 3 regions. Our goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the significance and interdependence of industry clusters in shaping the dynamics of GDP. To achieve a more nuanced spatial differentiation, we introduce indicator matrices for each industry sector which allows for extending the spatial Durbin model to a new version of it. This approach is essential due to both the economic importance of these sectors and the potential issue of omitted variables. Failing to account for industry sectors can lead to omitted variable bias and estimation problems. To assess the effects of the major industry sectors, we incorporate eight distinct branches of industry into our analysis. According to prevailing economic theory, these clusters should have a positive impact on the regions they are associated with. Our findings indeed reveal highly significant impacts, which can be either positive or negative, of specific sectors on local GDP growth. Spatially, we observe that direct and indirect effects can exhibit opposite signs, indicative of heightened competitiveness within and between industry sectors. Therefore, we recommend that industry sectors should be taken into consideration when conducting spatial analysis of GDP. Doing so allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the economic dynamics at play.

en econ.GN, econ.EM
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Artigo de revisão: Estratégias da atenção farmacêutica na atenção primária à saúde em diferentes países

Welly Araújo de Oliveira, Sérgio Ricardo Fernandes de Araújo

Contexto: A atenção primária tem passado por significativas transformações nas últimas décadas, levando o profissional farmacêutico a ter que reinventar sua atuação, saindo das funções tradicionais para a realização de ações clínicas complexas. Objetivo: analisar as estratégias de intervenção fundamentadas na prática da atenção farmacêutica na atenção básica à saúde em diferentes países. Método: Utilizou-se o PRISMA como protocolo e a síntese narrativa para reportar os achados. Foram utilizadas três bases de dados eletrônicas para a realização das pesquisas. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada pela plataforma Sucupira e os riscos de viés foram analisados individualmente em cada pesquisa. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.498 itens nas bases de dados eletrônicas. Após todas as triagens, cinco artigos tornaram-se as principais referências para esta revisão. Conclusão: As intervenções mostraram-se heterogêneas e, de uma forma geral, as estratégias utilizadas tiveram um impacto positivo.

Pharmacy and materia medica, Pharmaceutical industry
arXiv Open Access 2022
A Survey and Comparison of Industrial and Academic Research on the Evolution of Software Product Lines

Elias Kuiter, Gunter Saake

Past research on software product lines has focused on the initial development of reusable assets and related challenges, such as cost estimation and implementation issues. Naturally, as software product lines are increasingly adopted throughout industry, their ongoing maintenance and evolution are getting more attention as well. However, it is not clear to what degree research is following this trend, and where the interests and demands of the industry lie. In this technical report, we provide a survey and comparison of selected publications on software product line maintenance and evolution at SPLC. In particular, we analyze and discuss similarities and differences of these papers with regard to their affiliation with industry and academia. From this, we infer directions for future research that pave the way for systematic and organized evolution of software product lines, from which industry may benefit as well.

en cs.SE
arXiv Open Access 2022
Industrial Limitations on Academic Freedom in Computer Science

Reuben Kirkham

The field of computer science is perhaps uniquely connected with industry. For example, our main publication outlets (i.e. conferences) are regularly sponsored by large technology companies, and much of our research funding is either directly or indirectly provided by industry. In turn, this places potential limitations on academic freedom, which is a profound ethical concern, yet curiously is not directly addressed within existing ethical codes. A field that limits academic freedom presents the risk that the results of the work conducted within it cannot always be relied upon. In the context of a field that is perhaps unique in both its connection to industry and impact on society, special measures are needed to address this problem. This paper discusses the range of protections that could be provided.

en cs.CY
arXiv Open Access 2022
Industry 4.0 in Health care: A systematic review

Md Manjurul Ahsan, Zahed Siddique

Industry 4.0 in health care has evolved drastically over the past century. In fact, it is evolving every day, with new tools and strategies being developed by physicians and researchers alike. Health care and technology have been intertwined together with the advancement of cloud computing and big data. This study aims to analyze the impact of industry 4.0 in health care systems. To do so, a systematic literature review was carried out considering peer-reviewed articles extracted from the two popular databases: Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). PRISMA statement 2015 was used to include and exclude that data. At first, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using 346 articles considering the following factors: publication by year, journal, authors, countries, institutions, authors' keywords, and citations. Finally, qualitative analysis was carried out based on selected 32 articles considering the following factors: a conceptual framework, schedule problems, security, COVID-19, digital supply chain, and blockchain technology. Study finding suggests that during the onset of COVID-19, health care and industry 4.0 has been merged and evolved jointly, considering various crisis such as data security, resource allocation, and data transparency. Industry 4.0 enables many technologies such as the internet of things (IoT), blockchain, big data, cloud computing, machine learning, deep learning, information, and communication technologies (ICT) to track patients' records and helps reduce social transmission COVID-19 and so on. The study findings will give future researchers and practitioners some insights regarding the integration of health care and Industry 4.0.

en cs.CY
CrossRef Open Access 2021
NATURAL SWEETENERS AND ITS USE IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Ankit Majie

Natural sweeteners and artificial sweeteners are the two available sweeteners available for use in pharmaceutical industry. The sweeteners are used as excipients to improve the perception of taste and to mask the bitter taste of some drugs. The use of natural sweeteners is increasing due to their lower toxicity than the artificial ones. Natural sweeteners, especially the non-saccharide sugars are non-toxic, have low calorific value and super sweet (100-10,000 times more sweet than artificial sweeteners). Moreover, they are easily available in nature and can be consumed by the diabetic patients. The secondary metabolite responsible for sweet taste can be grouped under, dihydrochalcones, proteins, polyols, volatile oils, terpenoids, steroidal saponins, etc. They are effective at low concentrations, stable at varying temperature range, non-carcinogenic, compatible with a wide range of drug substance and other excipients in the formulation. In pharmaceutical industry, they are currently used to prepare liquid, oral preparations, prepare the syrup base, employed in coating of pills and tablets and a vehicle for many drugs. The low-calorie value helps to prevent obesity and can be easily consumed by overweight individuals. Most of the natural sweeteners are nutritive so it provides additional nutrition. But, the mixing of natural sweeteners with the substandard artificial ones needs to be controlled.

DOAJ Open Access 2021
Development of Parameters for Standardization of Duckweed (Lemna Minor L.) Raw Material

L. N. Nikiforov, S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. E. Kolomiets et al.

Introduction. Lemna minor L. (duckweed) refers to the duckweed subfamily (Lemnaceae S. F. Gray) and widely distributed in ponds of Russia. Literature data confirm the possibility of harvesting significant volumes of this raw material in natural habitat and grown in aquaculture. The process of biosynthetic accumulation in duckweed fronds provides a variety of compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, the use of raw materials Lemna minor L. is promising for the development of drugs and parapharmaceutical products. Thus, it is an urgent task to quantify active components of duckweed and standardize (determination of criteria for identification, quality and safety) plant material.Aim. Establish macro- and microscopic characteristics of raw materials and develop methods for the quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) for standardization of raw duckweed.Materials and methods. Samples of duckweed was collected in natural habitats of Western Siberia. Macro- and microscopic assay, HPLC, UV-spectrometry were used in research process.Results and discussion. Were established the criteria for identification of duckweed fronds by studying external (macroscopic) and microscopic features of raw material Lemna minor L. Was developed and validated the procedure of the quantitative determination of phenolcarboxylic acids in raw material Lemna minor L.Conclusion. The study of external (macroscopic) and microscopic features provided the criteria for identification of the raw material Lemna minor L. The technique for the quantitative analysis of polysaccharides using gravimetry does not need validation, because is a direct method of substance measurement. Was validated quantification method of phenolcarboxylic acids (in terms of chlorogenic acid) by criteria of linearity, repeatability, in-laboratory precision and accuracy. Was established quality criteria for identification and quantitative assay, which can be used in the draft for normative documents for medicinal plant raw material of Lemna minor L. «Duckweed fronds».

Pharmaceutical industry
DOAJ Open Access 2021
Recent Trends in Fascinating Applications of Nanotechnology in Allied Health Sciences

Shreya Modi, Rajendra Prajapati, Gajendra Kumar Inwati et al.

The increased advancement in nanosciences in recent times has led to fascinating innovations. It has potential applications for altering the structural, surface, and physicochemical properties of nano-ranged metamaterials. The adaptable optical, structural, and surface characteristics of the nanoscopic regimes enhance the quality of integrated nanodevices and sensors. These are further used in optoelectronics, biomedicines, and catalysis. The use of nanomaterials for constructing nano-biosensors and various other organic and inorganic functional nanomaterials is quite promising. They have excellent electronic and surface-to-volume reactivity. Their various applications include metal and metal-oxides-based nanoparticles, clusters, wires, and 2D nanosheets as carbon nanotubes. More recently, hybrid nanomaterials are being developed to regulate sensing functionalities in the field of nanomedicine and the pharmaceutical industry. They are used as nano-markers, templates, and targeted agents. Moreover, the mechanical strength, chemical stability, durability, and flexibility of the hybrid nanomaterials make them appropriate for developing a healthy life for humans. This consists of a variety of applications, such as drug delivery, antimicrobial impacts, nutrition, orthopedics, dentistry, and fluorescence fabrics. This review article caters to the essential importance of nanoscience for biomedical applications and information for health science and research. The fundamental characteristics and functionalities of nanomaterials for particular biomedical uses are specifically addressed here.

Crystallography
DOAJ Open Access 2021
Innovative Non-Thermal Technologies for Recovery and Valorization of Value-Added Products from Crustacean Processing By-Products—An Opportunity for a Circular Economy Approach

Ana Cristina De Aguiar Saldanha Pinheiro, Francisco J. Martí-Quijal, Francisco J. Barba et al.

The crustacean processing industry has experienced significant growth over recent decades resulting in the production of a great number of by-products. Crustacean by-products contain several valuable components such as proteins, lipids, and carotenoids, especially astaxanthin and chitin. When isolated, these valuable compounds are characterized by bioactivities such as anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer ones, and that could be used as nutraceutical ingredients or additives in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Different innovative non-thermal technologies have appeared as promising, safe, and efficient tools to recover these valuable compounds. This review aims at providing a summary of the main compounds that can be extracted from crustacean by-products, and of the results obtained by applying the main innovative non-thermal processes for recovering such high-value products. Moreover, from the perspective of the circular economy approach, specific case studies on some current applications of the recovered compounds in the seafood industry are presented. The extraction of valuable components from crustacean by-products, combined with the development of novel technological strategies aimed at their recovery and purification, will allow for important results related to the long-term sustainability of the seafood industry to be obtained. Furthermore, the reuse of extracted components in seafood products is an interesting strategy to increase the value of the seafood sector overall. However, to date, there are limited industrial applications for this promising approach.

Chemical technology

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