Hasil untuk "Museums. Collectors and collecting"

E. Arbeláez‐Cortés, Martín A. Palencia-Plata, C. A. Pinto-Quinche et al.

Ornithological collections have long been of paramount importance in documenting the diversity and distribution of the avifauna of Colombia. Here, we summarize the taxonomic, temporal and spatial patterns of growth and coverage of the ornithological collection of the Natural History Museum of Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS-AV) for the period 1970–2024. UIS-AV houses 3253 bird skins of 550 species, representing almost 30% of Colombia’s bird species, and 72% of the species historically collected in the Department of Santander. Most of the specimens in the collection were collected in two distinct decades: the 1970s and the 2010s. Our analyses of historical collecting efforts across 479 localities allowed us to identify regions in Santander department with high representation of specimens (e.g., swamps of the Magdalena River and around Bucaramanga), as well as poorly represented regions (e.g., Chicamocha River Canyon, highland Páramos, and the Carare-Opón lowlands). These analyses open avenues for conducting resurveys that address local changes in bird composition, and represent a roadmap for collecting efforts to fill populational and taxonomic gaps of Santander birds. UIS-AV complements historical records housed in foreign museums by adding specimen series from Santander localities originally collected by foreign collectors between the late nineteenth century and 1969. The modern methods of specimen preservation and curation now used at UIS-AV mean that 49% of the vouchers include tissue samples, as well as improved data quality for specimens. However, 83% of species housed at UIS-AV are represented by less than 10 specimens, precluding detailed biological studies, and calling for continued collecting to increase the representation of one of the richest avifaunas of northern South America.

A. Cognato, Nicolas Barc, M. M. Philip et al.

Our knowledge of the biogeography of Scolytinae of eastern temperate North America is very patchy. We used data from hand collecting, trapped material (from 65 of 83 counties), and museum collections, supplemented by literature records, to compile a list comprising 107 bark beetle species in 45 genera for Michigan, a state with an especially rich diversity of woody plants. We provide detailed collection data documenting 32 species not previously catalogued for Michigan, 23 of which are new state records; the genera Trypophloeus and Trischidias are reported from Michigan for the first time. Fifteen Michigan scolytines are not native to North America; Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff), Crypturgus pusillus (Gyllenhal), Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Xyleborus californicus Wood, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) have not previously been found in the state. We report Michigan hosts for 67 species, including 49 new host associations for the 93 native species. Despite identifying over 4000 specimens for this study, we fully expect to find many more species: over 30 additional species occur in the Great Lakes region. ____________________ Faunistic studies are a first step towards a deeper understanding of the ecology of local biotic communities. These studies provide records of diversity and serve as reference points for the assessment of faunal differences due to time, space, or environmental conditions. To increase the understanding of regional scolytine faunas, we present a study begun in 1978 of the bark and ambrosia beetles of Michigan. The state is heavily forested and particularly rich in woody plants, with over 100 species of trees (Barnes and Wagner, Jr. 1981) and over 200 species of shrubs (Billington 1949). Bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are primary decomposers of wood which occur throughout the forests and suburban landscapes of North America (Wood 1982). Wood’s landmark monograph (1982) of North and Central American Scolytinae was based upon three decades of his taxonomic work (but see also Bright 1976, 1981) and greatly expanded the only previous general treatment of the bark beetles of North America (Chamberlin 1939). Wood’s monumental summary provided a foundation of knowledge about the diversity and host plant usage of bark beetles of the north temperate zone. Nonetheless, gaps in our knowledge of both biogeography and host affinities remain. Scolytinae are tiny insects which spend most of their lives hidden inside plant tissues, and many species are seldom if ever encountered by general collectors; 1Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. 2 Michigan Department of Agriculture, Lansing, MI 48909. 3Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Lansing, MI 48909. 4School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931. 5Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Postbox 7803, N-5006 Bergen, Norway. 102 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 42, Nos. 3 & 4 furthermore, bark beetle collecting has focused on economic pests and as a result has been strongly biased towards species breeding in conifers. Although the overall distributions of most species are well known for North America, finer details of regional distributions are often lacking, especially for the northeastern U.S. Thorough regional studies of temperate forests are relatively few, and recent works have covered the western states (California, Bright and Stark 1973; Idaho, Furniss and Johnson 1987; Montana, Gast et al. 1989; Oregon, Furniss et al. 1992; Washington, Furniss and Johnson 1995) more thoroughly than eastern (Indiana, Deyrup 1981, Deyrup and Atkinson 1987; Maryland, Rabaglia 2003; Delaware, Rabaglia and Valenti 2003). Documentation of regional scolytine faunas is increasing due to advances in collecting methodology, and in particular to large scale trapping studies designed to detect and monitor the spread of exotic species. Trapping is based largely on attraction to ethanol, tree volatiles (such as a-pinene) or turpentine, or bark beetle pheromone components (Atkinson et al. 1988, Hoebeke 1994, Humble 2001, Rabaglia 2003, Rabaglia and Valenti 2003, LaBonte et al. 2005). While many, perhaps most, scolytines can be trapped by these methods, some can not: populations may simply be in too low numbers or too locally distributed, or the species may differ in their biologies such that they are not attracted by these chemical compounds (Kirkendall, unpublished data). Furthermore, trapping tells us little or nothing about host relationships. Comprehensive faunal lists, then, are best achieved by a combination of (1) trapping, (2) examining dead branches and stems from as many different woody plant species as possible, and (3) identifying the bark beetles present in older, local collections. The only previous work dealing specifically with the distribution of Michigan scolytines is from the 19th century (LeConte 1878), though Roeper (1995) reviews the feeding behavior and host plants of the scolytine ambrosia beetles then known from the state. In recent works, approximately 78 species are recorded from Michigan (Wood 1982, Wood and Bright 1992, Bright and Skidmore 1997, 2002), but many widespread species native to northeastern US or southeastern Canada are not listed as occurring in the state. Materials and Methods This study of the bark and ambrosia beetles of Michigan includes extensive hand collected, trapped, and identified museum specimens. From 1978–1980, Kirkendall collected widely from potential host plants, focusing especially on the poorly documented bark and ambrosia beetles breeding in hardwoods. Most collecting was done in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula, especially on the E. S. George Reserve near Pinckney, in Livingston Co. (http://sitemaker.umich. edu/esgr/home) incidental to Kirkendall’s thesis research; only one three-day trip to Michigan’s Upper Peninsula was made, and only one daytrip to southernmost counties. Two decades later (2007–2009), researchers from Michigan State University (MSU,), Michigan Technological University (MTU), Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment (MDNRE), and Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA), sponsored by US-Forest Service and USAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), trapped several thousand scolytine specimens during statewide (65 of 83 counties) surveys for exotic bark beetles and Sirex noctilio F. Each Lindgren 8-unit funnel trap was baited either with 1) ethanol; 2) ethanol and a-pinene; 3) a-pinene and β-pinene (sirex lure); or 4) ipsdienol, cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (exotic ips lure) (Rabaglia 2008). Also, unbaited Lindgren 8-unit funnel traps were hung from chemically stressed trap trees (Anonymous 2007). Finally, we identified hundreds of specimens in each of the two major insect collections in Michigan: the A.J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection 2009 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 103 of Michigan State University (MSUC), and the entomology collection of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ). Authors Cognato and Kirkendall identified beetles using keys (Bright 1976, Wood 1982, Rabaglia et al. 2006) and when available, compared material with specimens authenticated by S. L. Wood and D. E. Bright. Expert botanists identified plant hosts of difficult genera or species complexes (e.g., Quercus, Salix) (see Acknowledgments). Information on larval feeding behavior and host plant relationships was taken from Wood (1982), Wood and Bright (1992), Bright and Skidmore (1997, 2002) and, for Pityophthorus, from Blackman (1919, 1922) or Swaine (1918). Much of the information for MSUC specimens is available at http://www. arc.ent.msu.edu/holdings.php in a searchable database, which is periodically updated. To date ca. 4500 Michigan specimens representing 53 species are included in that database. Voucher specimens from trapping are deposited in the MSUC and most of Kirkendall’s collections (ca. 1200 specimens) are deposited in the UMMZ with some material remaining in his research collection. Results and Discussion Based on literature records and the specimens examined for this study, there are 45 genera comprising 107 species of Scolytinae in Michigan (Table 1). Ninety-three species are native, and 14 are species introduced to North America. We report 32 species not previously catalogued for Michigan in Wood and Bright (1992) or its supplements, six of which were recently documented elsewhere (Haack and Poland 2005; Manor 2005, 2006; Sullivan 2006; Haack and Petrice 2009), three of which were mentioned in an overlooked paper by retired Alma University professor Richard Roeper (Roeper et al. 1980) and one of which (Xyleborus volvulus F.) we consider a failed introduction: thus, 22 species are new for Michigan. Five of the 22 newly recorded are alien species now well established in North America. In addition to providing new state records, our surveys increase the knowledge of species distributions within Michigan (as recorded in the database). In addition, Carphoborus dunni Swaine was the first record for the U.S. and was only the second collection ever of this species (Kirkendall 1982). There are at least 30 additional native species and several recently introduced exotic scolytines which occur elsewhere in the Great Lakes region (e.g., Deyrup 1981, Wood 1982, Deyrup and Atkinson 1987, Hoebeke 1994, Hoebeke and Acciavatti 2006, Lightle et al. 2007). These species breed in hosts present in Michigan, and we believe many are likely to be found in this state with further collecting. Two represent genera not yet recorded from Michigan (Scierus annectans LeConte, recorded from Ontario, and Xylechinus americanus Blackman, known from Ontario and New York). Fully 20 species have been collected in Indiana but not Michigan (Deyrup 1981, Deyrup and Atkinson 1987). The 107 scolytine species recorded from Michigan is quite similar to mo

Claudio Battiloro, Pietro Greiner, Bret Nestor et al.

As learning systems increasingly influence everyday decisions, user-side steering via Algorithmic Collective Action (ACA)-coordinated changes to shared data-offers a complement to regulator-side policy and firm-side model design. Although real-world actions have been traditionally decentralized and fragmented into multiple collectives despite sharing overarching objectives-with each collective differing in size, strategy, and actionable goals, most of the ACA literature focused on single collective settings. In this work, we present the first theoretical framework for ACA with multiple collectives acting on the same system. In particular, we focus on collective action in classification, studying how multiple collectives can plant signals, i.e., bias a classifier to learn an association between an altered version of the features and a chosen, possibly overlapping, set of target classes. We provide quantitative results about the role and the interplay of collectives' sizes and their alignment of goals. Our framework, by also complementing previous empirical results, opens a path for a holistic treatment of ACA with multiple collectives.

Janik Kaden, Maximilian Hilger, Tim Schreiter et al.

With robots increasingly integrating into human environments, understanding and predicting human motion is essential for safe and efficient interactions. Modern human motion and activity prediction approaches require high quality and quantity of data for training and evaluation, usually collected from motion capture systems, onboard or stationary sensors. Setting up these systems is challenging due to the intricate setup of hardware components, extensive calibration procedures, occlusions, and substantial costs. These constraints make deploying such systems in new and large environments difficult and limit their usability for in-the-wild measurements. In this paper we investigate the possibility to apply the novel Ultra-Wideband (UWB) localization technology as a scalable alternative for human motion capture in crowded and occlusion-prone environments. We include additional sensing modalities such as eye-tracking, onboard robot LiDAR and radar sensors, and record motion capture data as ground truth for evaluation and comparison. The environment imitates a museum setup, with up to four active participants navigating toward random goals in a natural way, and offers more than 130 minutes of multi-modal data. Our investigation provides a step toward scalable and accurate motion data collection beyond vision-based systems, laying a foundation for evaluating sensing modalities like UWB in larger and complex environments like warehouses, airports, or convention centers.

Jay González Lobos, Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia, Aura Obreja et al.

Recent surveys show that $z>2$ quasars are surrounded by Hydrogen Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) glows with diverse emission levels and extents. These seem to depend on the activity of embedded quasars, the number of active galactic nucleus (AGN) photons able to reach the halo gas or circumgalactic medium (CGM) and the physical properties of the CGM. In this framework, we present VLT/MUSE snapshot observations (45 min/source) of 59 $z\sim3$ quasars extending the long-term QSO MUSEUM campaign to fainter SDSS sources. The whole survey now targets 120 quasars with a median redshift of $z$=3.13, and bolometric luminosities, black hole masses and Eddington ratios of $45.1<\log(L_{\rm bol}/[{\rm erg\,s^{-1}]})<48.7$, $7.9<\log(M_{\rm BH}/[{\rm M_{\odot}]})<10.3 $ and $0.01<λ_{\rm Edd}<1.8$, respectively. We detect extended Ly$α$ emission in 110/120 systems, with all non-detections in the new fainter sample. Stacking non-detections unveils emission below our individual detection limit. The Ly$α$ surface brightness (SB$_{\rm Lyα}$) of the CGM increases with quasar luminosity. Moreover, the Ly$α$ linewidth increases in the central regions (projected radius $R<40$ kpc or $\sim$40% $R_{\rm vir}$) of the CGM around brighter quasars. These trends indicate that we are witnessing the instantaneous AGN feedback in action on CGM scales. Assuming that all targeted quasars sit in halos of $M_{\rm DM}\sim10^{12.5}\,M_\odot$, as found in clustering studies, the trend in SB$_{\rm Lyα}$ can be explained by larger fractions of cool gas mass illuminated, implying that brighter quasars have larger ionization cone opening angles. Similarly, brighter AGNs seem to perturb the cool ($T\sim10^4$ K) gas more strongly. We show that QSO MUSEUM now has enough statistics to study the instantaneous AGN feedback while controlling for black hole properties, which are key to constraining AGN models.

Jiankan Liao, Xun Huan, Daniel Cooper

Material flow analyses (MFAs) are powerful tools for highlighting resource efficiency opportunities in supply chains. MFAs are often represented as directed graphs, with nodes denoting processes and edges representing mass flows. However, network structure uncertainty -- uncertainty in the presence or absence of flows between nodes -- is common and can compromise flow predictions. While collection of more MFA data can reduce network structure uncertainty, an intelligent data acquisition strategy is crucial to optimize the resources (person-hours and money spent on collecting and purchasing data) invested in constructing an MFA. In this study, we apply Bayesian optimal experimental design (BOED), based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence, to efficiently target high-utility MFA data -- data that minimizes network structure uncertainty. We introduce a new method with reduced bias for estimating expected utility, demonstrating its superior accuracy over traditional approaches. We illustrate these advances with a case study on the U.S. steel sector MFA, where the expected utility of collecting specific single pieces of steel mass flow data aligns with the actual reduction in network structure uncertainty achieved by collecting said data from the United States Geological Survey and the World Steel Association. The results highlight that the optimal MFA data to collect depends on the total amount of data being gathered, making it sensitive to the scale of the data collection effort. Overall, our methods support intelligent data acquisition strategies, accelerating uncertainty reduction in MFAs and enhancing their utility for impact quantification and informed decision-making.

M. Khairi

This research explains the development of Islamic art in the modern and contemporary Indonesian art scene through Rispul and Tita Rubi's works collected by OHD Museum. The fundamental question is how OHD's taste in choosing its collection? How is the curation process in the exhibition Fragment of Modern Indonesian Art History? And why Rispul and Titarubi's works were chosen for the exhibition? This question is explained through the sociology of art theory from Becker and Bourdieu and uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results of the study show that OHD as a pure collector by providing distinction to the works he will collect, thereby gaining legitimacy in the Indonesian and Asian art scene. His legitimacy is able to influence the world of art collecting in Indonesia and Asia. The works of Tita Rubi and Rispul were collected and selected for the exhibition because they fit the criteria of being part of the development of contemporary art and continuing the Islamic art series.

M. Uca

This article examines the collecting practice of Sadberk Koç (1908–1973), whose systematic engagement with Ottoman textiles and domestic artefacts culminated in the posthumous establishment of the Sadberk Hanım Museum, Turkey’s first officially recognised private museum. By foregrounding vernacular material culture – embroideries, garments, and household textiles embedded in everyday and ritual life – Koç’s practice complemented the broader heritage landscape of the early Republic, which, in its pursuit of modernisation and secularisation, placed greater emphasis on monumental architecture, modern painting and sculpture, and Western-oriented music and performing arts, while forms of vernacular domestic material culture, received comparatively little institutional attention. Drawing on archival inventories, oral histories, and family recollections, the study situates her ethos within intersecting narratives of gender, modernisation, and cultural policy. It also highlights the intellectual affinities and networks of mid-twentieth-century women collectors, whose practices reframed private acquisition as cultural stewardship. The museum’s subsequent development and its plans for expansion into a purpose-built complex illustrate the ongoing negotiation between domestic and institutional spheres, and between private initiative and public mission. By bridging vernacular and monumental, intimate and institutional, Koç’s legacy demonstrates how individual agency recalibrated national heritage discourses, ensuring that the textures of everyday life became part of Turkey’s cultural record.

L. Cházaro

This paper contributes to studies on the practices of collectionism, going beyond the institutional histories of museums and herbariums to examine how specimens were collected and to identify the people who consolidated those practices. Centered on research by Mexico’s Instituto Médico Nacional (IMN, National Institute of Medicine, Mexico City, 1890-1915), I trace the itineraries and explorations of various figures: naturalists, collectors, physicians, and entrepreneurs. The article describes the distinct strategies these figures used to collect medicinal plants, animals, and minerals in rural areas, far from the spaces of scientific institutions. Through the accounts of the naturalist Fernando Altamirano (1848-1908) of the IMN, and the American Cyrus Guernesey Pringle (1838-1911) of the Gray Herbarium and Smithsonian Institution, I visit the places where they collected, focusing as well on the invisible actors who participated in those searches for knowledge, includ- ing indigenous peasants and peons who, from the countryside, contributed significantly to their medical and botanical surveys of “Mexico’s nature.”

Camila Galaz

This is a report and documentation of lectures from a three-part workshop run in 2019 for the Channels Video Art Festival and Free Association. These lectures outline methodologies of working with re-performance and re-enactment in contemporary video and performance art. Positioned as a guide for artists, the lectures unpack the process and implications of drawing from historical source material when creating art, the importance of understanding the intentions of oneself as an artist and the audience's position, and ethical concerns when working with archival documents. Drawing on examples from artists including Omer Fast, Jiwon Choi, Yoshua Okón, Petrit Halilaj, and Silvia Kolbowski, the lectures analyse the method of re-enactment for creating complex artworks.

Sirui Chen, Chen Wang, Kaden Nguyen et al.

Recent progress in imitation learning from human demonstrations has shown promising results in teaching robots manipulation skills. To further scale up training datasets, recent works start to use portable data collection devices without the need for physical robot hardware. However, due to the absence of on-robot feedback during data collection, the data quality depends heavily on user expertise, and many devices are limited to specific robot embodiments. We propose ARCap, a portable data collection system that provides visual feedback through augmented reality (AR) and haptic warnings to guide users in collecting high-quality demonstrations. Through extensive user studies, we show that ARCap enables novice users to collect robot-executable data that matches robot kinematics and avoids collisions with the scenes. With data collected from ARCap, robots can perform challenging tasks, such as manipulation in cluttered environments and long-horizon cross-embodiment manipulation. ARCap is fully open-source and easy to calibrate; all components are built from off-the-shelf products. More details and results can be found on our website: https://stanford-tml.github.io/ARCap

Eduard Emelyanov

Collective versions of order convergences and corresponding types of collectively qualified sets of operators in vector lattices are investigated. It is proved that collectively order to norm bounded sets are bounded in the operator norm and collectively order continuous sets are collectively order bounded.

Е.А. Аракчеева

Коллекционирование искусства ведет историю еще с IV в. до н. э. Искусство изменялось вместе с научными открытиями, а коллекции - вместе с мотивацией коллекционеров. Большую роль в трансформации арт-рынка и формировании частных и музейных коллекций России XXI в. сыграла цифровизация изобразительного искусства, а также появление технологии невзаимозаменяемого токена (NFT). В статье рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на формирование коллекций изобразительного искусства, и описаны цифровые технологии создания предметов искусства. Кроме того, проанализированы предпосылки для создания виртуальных галерей и их роль в формировании коллекционера нового типа - инвестирующего в цифровое искусство. Fine art collecting dates from the 4th century BC. The art changed together with scientific discoveries, and collections - with the motivation of collectors. The main role in the transformation of the art market and the formation of private and museum collections in Russia in the 21 st century was played by both the digitalization of fine arts, and the emergence of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The article deals with factors influencing the formation of fine art collections, and describes digital technologies of creating works of art. Besides, the presuppositions of creating virtual galleries and their role in forming a new kind of collector investing in digital art are analyzed.

Olga Petrova

The suggested subject is topical in the context on studying the real life of an artwork as a specific product after its leaving the artist’s studio into the broader field of social functioning, e. g. in the private collections. Current Ukrainian practice is still insufficiently studied and differentiated by its trends. Following this research interest, there is a need to systematize the fragmented and dispersed information about the functioning of an artwork in collector’s possession. Thus far, the specific social group of collectors was on the sidelines of research. Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, collectors were persecuted as a “bourgeois element” of society. Collectors existed in the underground and never paraded their activities. Hence, neither the phenomenon of collecting nor the versatile interests of the collectors or the forms of their activity, were not available for academic research. Art collecting as a separate sociocultural phenomenon emerged in independent Ukraine during the 1990s and 2020s. Finally, the exhibitions of the artwork solely from the private collection were organized. The relations between the artists and the collectors of their works are still awaiting for a proper critical review and analytical study. Within this general topic, the paper focuses on the history and aesthetic value of Yuriy Nebesnyk’s (Uzhgorod, Ukraine) personal collection that was formed since the 1970s and to the early 2020s as a possible model for establishing the private museum of contemporary Ukrainian art.

Sigrid van Roode

In the 19th century an African possession cult called zār arrived in Egypt and became hugely popular. Jewellery formed an integral part of this cult, and silver pendants with images of spirits started to appear in the early 20th century. And there is more: zār also used beaded jewellery as well as a wide range of other jewels. Currently, jewellery items with spirit images are sought-after collectors’ items, present in collections of both private collectors and museums. These collections also hold a wide variety of other pieces called ‘zār jewellery’, and many jewellery pieces labelled ‘zār’ are available online. But what is ‘zār jewellery’, exactly? With collectors, curators, historians and ethnographers in mind, Silver of the Possessed places jewellery of the Egyptian zār in its cultural and historical context. A catalogue of previously unpublished jewellery in private collections illustrates the changes in this jewellery over the course of nearly a century, while the book itself addresses Egyptian zār jewellery from multiple angles. First, it analyses how our current understanding of this jewellery has evolved through collecting and publishing. Examining its cultural background in African possession cults results in a new insight of the many roles jewellery played in zār, observing jewellery as a financial asset allows us to grasp its implications for household economy dynamics, while looking at jewellery in a diachronic perspective may even reveal changes in the ritual itself. Finally, this study explores its potential as an actual historic source: these jewellery items shed light on the world view of their wearers, and as such form an unexpected additional source for late 19th and early 20th century Egypt.

Joanna Ostapkowicz

Britain amassed extensive collections from its Caribbean colonies from the seventeenth century onwards, including significant holdings of pre-Columbian archaeological materials. But it is not until the nineteenth century that there is more substantive documentation for some of the most prized artefacts now held in British museum collections, including wooden duhos (ceremonial chairs). These were circulated between collectors before their deposit in museums; their movements, in some instances, echoing the equally political and strategic gifting of these objects among the originating Indigenous communities. Their discovery – whether on-island or in antique shops – and the discussions they elicited among those who acquired or were given them, expose contemporary ideas about their nature and value. This paper focuses on one rare category of pre-Columbian Caribbean artefact – the duho – as represented by examples acquired by six collectors during the height of British imperialism. It traces these objects’ movements from discovery or collection to museum acquisition through the hands of not only Caribbean locals, colonial officials and military men, but also some of the key figures in British ethnographic collecting, including Augustus Wollaston Franks and William Oldman.

Paul M. Jack

The Northern Isles of Scotland offer a fascinating case study for understanding past economies and resource management due to the comparative lack of trees found elsewhere in the British Isles. Archaeological evidence proves that this environment did not prevent the development of industrial pursuits in this region during the Iron Age and local accounts dating to the 19th -20th centuries detail how blacksmiths were charcoaling peat in pursuit of metalworking endeavours. Little, however, is known about this peat charcoaling process. By following the peat charcoaling steps identified in ethnographic and historic accounts from the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland it was possible to create this fuel with relative success. This paper describes the way in which 155.6kg of peat was charcoaled across 10 attempts which produced an average yield higher than would be expected from charcoaling wood via similar methods. Small fluctuations in the moisture content of the peat and differences in fanning style had no statistical relationship with the yields produced. The experience of the charcoaler appears key as an even temperature profile was challenging to attain with possible repercussions for the quality of the fuel for the iron smelter and smith.

Jihyeon Seo, Kyusam Oh, Chanho Min et al.

Many existing studies on knowledge distillation have focused on methods in which a student model mimics a teacher model well. Simply imitating the teacher's knowledge, however, is not sufficient for the student to surpass that of the teacher. We explore a method to harness the knowledge of other students to complement the knowledge of the teacher. We propose deep collective knowledge distillation for model compression, called DCKD, which is a method for training student models with rich information to acquire knowledge from not only their teacher model but also other student models. The knowledge collected from several student models consists of a wealth of information about the correlation between classes. Our DCKD considers how to increase the correlation knowledge of classes during training. Our novel method enables us to create better performing student models for collecting knowledge. This simple yet powerful method achieves state-of-the-art performances in many experiments. For example, for ImageNet, ResNet18 trained with DCKD achieves 72.27\%, which outperforms the pretrained ResNet18 by 2.52\%. For CIFAR-100, the student model of ShuffleNetV1 with DCKD achieves 6.55\% higher top-1 accuracy than the pretrained ShuffleNetV1.

Alexander Antonov

We present a methodology for gathering a parallel corpus through crowdsourcing, which is more cost-effective than hiring professional translators, albeit at the expense of quality. Additionally, we have made available experimental parallel data collected for Chechen-Russian and Fula-English language pairs.

Matteo Busso, Xiaoyue Li

Diversity-aware data are essential for a robust modeling of human behavior in context. In addition, being the human behavior of interest for numerous applications, data must also be reusable across domain, to ensure diversity of interpretations. Current data collection techniques allow only a partial representation of the diversity of people and often generate data that is difficult to reuse. To fill this gap, we propose a data collection methodology, within a hybrid machine-artificial intelligence approach, and its related dataset, based on a comprehensive ontological notion of context which enables data reusability. The dataset has a sample of 158 participants and is collected via the iLog smartphone application. It contains more than 170 GB of subjective and objective data, which comes from 27 smartphone sensors that are associated with 168,095 self-reported annotations on the participants context. The dataset is highly reusable, as demonstrated by its diverse applications.