Hasil untuk "Men"

F. Bray, M. Laversanne, Hyuna Sung et al.

This article presents global cancer statistics by world region for the year 2022 based on updated estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). There were close to 20 million new cases of cancer in the year 2022 (including nonmelanoma skin cancers [NMSCs]) alongside 9.7 million deaths from cancer (including NMSC). The estimates suggest that approximately one in five men or women develop cancer in a lifetime, whereas around one in nine men and one in 12 women die from it. Lung cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2022, responsible for almost 2.5 million new cases, or one in eight cancers worldwide (12.4% of all cancers globally), followed by cancers of the female breast (11.6%), colorectum (9.6%), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (4.9%). Lung cancer was also the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18.7%), followed by colorectal (9.3%), liver (7.8%), female breast (6.9%), and stomach (6.8%) cancers. Breast cancer and lung cancer were the most frequent cancers in women and men, respectively (both cases and deaths). Incidence rates (including NMSC) varied from four‐fold to five‐fold across world regions, from over 500 in Australia/New Zealand (507.9 per 100,000) to under 100 in Western Africa (97.1 per 100,000) among men, and from over 400 in Australia/New Zealand (410.5 per 100,000) to close to 100 in South‐Central Asia (103.3 per 100,000) among women. The authors examine the geographic variability across 20 world regions for the 10 leading cancer types, discussing recent trends, the underlying determinants, and the prospects for global cancer prevention and control. With demographics‐based predictions indicating that the number of new cases of cancer will reach 35 million by 2050, investments in prevention, including the targeting of key risk factors for cancer (including smoking, overweight and obesity, and infection), could avert millions of future cancer diagnoses and save many lives worldwide, bringing huge economic as well as societal dividends to countries over the forthcoming decades.

L. Segal

L. Katznelson, J. Finkelstein, D. Schoenfeld et al.

N. Abate, A. Garg, R. Peshock et al.

E. Messing, J. Manola, M. Sarosdy et al.

Jing Ma, Michael N. Pollak, Edward Giovannucci et al.

Alireza Falahati-Nini, B. Riggs, E. Atkinson et al.

A. Barsky, Heli M. Peekna, J. Borus

P. Snyder, H. Peachey, P. Hannoush et al.

Peter Jüni, Tobias Reichlin, Drahomir Aujesky et al.

Objectives The under-representation of women in cardiovascular clinical trials is well documented but cannot be fully explained by sex-specific differences in disease prevalence. We investigated sex-related and age-related disparities in study participation within an atrial fibrillation (AF) screening study conducted among hospitalised patients.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting In-hospital patients in a single tertiary care centre in Bern, Switzerland.Participants Patients aged 65–84 years evaluated for inclusion in the The SilenT AtRial FIBrillation cohort study, with inclusion stratified by sex and age.Interventions Screening for AF using three consecutive 7-day Holter ECG recordings.Primary and secondary outcome measures Prevalence of clinical and non-clinical exclusion criteria and participation rates among eligible patients, stratified by sex and age.Results Of 11 470 patients evaluated, 10 675 were not enrolled. Clinical exclusion criteria were more prevalent among men than women (60.2% vs 50.5%, p<0.001), with prevalence increasing with age in both sexes. Consequently, fewer men met eligibility criteria compared with women (24.3% vs 32.6%, p<0.001). Among eligible patients, women were less likely to participate than men (20.2% vs 30.0%, p<0.001), and participation declined with advancing age in both sexes. Eligible men aged <75 years demonstrated the highest participation rate (34%).Conclusions Significant sex-dependent and age-dependent disparities exist in both the prevalence of clinical exclusion criteria and participation rates among eligible patients in an AF screening study. These differences should be carefully considered in the design and planning of future clinical studies to improve representativeness.

J. Stamler, M. Daviglus, D. Garside et al.

T. Stamey, J. McNeal, C. Yemoto et al.

Irene A. Kretchy, Deborah Atobrah, David A. Adumbire et al.

Abstract Background Malaria infection in pregnancy is a critical determinant of maternal and neonatal health outcomes in endemic regions. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), but its uptake remains low because of factors such as gender norms and expectations. However, interventions to optimize IPTp uptake, especially in malaria-endemic regions, have resulted in a decline in malaria during pregnancy, maternal and neonatal mortality, low birth weight, and placental parasitaemia. This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on IPTp uptake, particularly emphasizing gender-related strategies. Methods The modified version of Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were adopted for this review. Documents were retrieved from the following electronic databases and search engines: scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), PubMed, WHO, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar. The titles and abstracts of the publications were independently screened via Rayyan review management software, and the data were organized using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and gender analysis matrix. Results A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most reported criterion was the effectiveness of the interventions, which demonstrated an increase in IPTp uptake after the intervention. The gender analysis framework revealed that involving both men and women in decision-making processes, empowering women, and promoting shared roles could improve the success of IPTp interventions. Conclusions Interventions to increase IPTp uptake should be targeted at empowering women through education, increasing financial independence, and making decisions about their health.

Stephanie Wolfrum, Wolfgang Siegert, Ismael Rubio-Cervantes et al.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) concentration and added phytase on gastrointestinal InsP6 degradation, prececal digestibility of P, Ca, and amino acids (AA), and MEN in broiler chickens. Dietary InsP6 was increased by graded substitution of corn starch with a mixture of 50 % soybean meal, 20 % rapeseed meal, 20 % sunflower meal, and 10 % rice bran (oilseed meal-rice bran level (ORL)). The experiment was arranged in a 4 × 3-factorial design with 4 ORL (leading to 1.4, 1.9, 2.4, and 3.0 g InsP6-P/kg) and 3 phytase levels (500, 1,500, and 3,000 FTU/kg). Male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 84 metabolism units in groups of 10 and assigned to 1 of the 12 diets. InsP6 disappearance in the crop decreased with increasing ORL (45 to 24 %; P = 0.001). Prececal InsP6 disappearance and P digestibility linearly decreased with increasing ORL at 500 FTU/kg (83 to 56 % and 80 to 62 %; P < 0.001). Minor differences were determined for prececal InsP6 disappearance and P digestibility among ORL at 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg, but values decreased with increasing ORL (91 to 83 % and 87 to 81 %, respectively; P < 0.001). When prececal InsP6 disappearance relative to FTU was regressed against dietary InsP6, the relationship was non-linear at 500 FTU/kg but linear at 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg. Cecal InsP6 concentration increased with ORL and decreased with phytase (P < 0.001). Except for cysteine, prececal digestibility of all AA and MEN decreased with increasing ORL. The data indicated that phytase supplemented at or above 1,500 FTU/kg did not limit gastrointestinal InsP6 degradation and AA digestibility at high InsP6 concentrations of the feed.

R. Simon, Leda E. Nath

R. Stall, J. Paul, Gregory L. Greenwood et al.

Catherine C. Eckel, P. Grossman

Cyril Ramathal1, Indrani Bagchi2, Robert Taylor4 et al.

Mariano Salazar, Anna Mia Ekström, Jordanos Tewelde McDonald et al.

Objectives Sexual health needs of young refugees and asylum-seeking men are seldom explored or addressed, adversely affecting their mental and physical well-being. By interviewing young male former unaccompanied minors, refugees and asylum seekers in Stockholm, Sweden, this study aimed to get a deeper understanding of what they needed to achieve a positive and respectful approach to sexuality, romantic and consensual relationships. Additionally, we explored how their sexual health needs were related to their mental health, as well as the factors influencing both.Design An exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was employed. Theoretical sampling was used for participant selection. Analysis of the data was performed using constructivist grounded theory.Setting The study took place in Stockholm, Sweden.Participants A total of 32 young male (aged 16-28) former unaccompanied minors, asylum seekers and refugees from Afghanistan, Eritrea and Syria were interviewed.Results Our analysis showed that our participants’ sexual and mental health needs followed a process of individual change. One core category described the different stages of the process: ‘On my way, but not there yet’. It contains four subcategories: ‘being on the move: the migration journey’; ‘newly arrived: contrasting old and new values and learning new concepts’; ‘navigating relationships, love and sex’; and ‘the respectful man’. We identified six key factors that influenced their sexual and mental health needs: attending school/receiving accurate sexual information, support to adapt, experiencing enjoyable relationships, restrictive parental values, exposure to stigma/discrimination and the negative image of young male refugees.Conclusions This study highlighted that the sexual health needs and related mental health aspects of young former unaccompanied minors, asylum seekers and refugees change over time and are influenced by contextual factors. Educational interventions aiming to improve the well-being of this population must address both sexual and mental health aspects, including issues related to gender norms, relationships, sex and consent.

R. Dobash, R. Dobash