Achille Mbembe and Felwine Sarr (eds.), translated by Drew Burk. 2023. To Write the Africa World. Cambridge & Hoboken: Polity Press. 324 pp.
Achille Mbembe and Felwine Sarr (eds.), translated by Philip Gerard. 2023. The Politics of Time: Imagining African Becomings. Cambridge & Hoboken: Polity Press. 332 pp.
History of Africa, African languages and literature
ABSTRACT Tahitian author Célestine Vaite's novels Breadfruit (2000), Frangipani (2004), and Tiare in Bloom (2006) are set in 1970s Tahiti and written mainly in English, but they feature numerous occurrences of French, the colonial language of Mā‘ohi Nui (French Polynesia), Tahitian, the most spoken Indigenous language of the region, and Franitian, often referred to as Tahitian‐French, a vernacular born from the cohabitation of French and Tahitian. The literary multilingualism of Vaite's books constitutes an active medium of diasporic and Indigenous identity assertion. Drawing from Pacific concepts of diaspora, Indigeneity, and postcolonialism, I explore how Vaite's languages reflect Pacific connections and actively sustain links between Pacific peoples, notably through colonial critiques and the thematic of movement. Mā‘ohi scholar Kareva Mateata‐Allain uses the metaphor of the va'a (the Tahitian canoe) to posit literature as a tool that enables crossing the invisible, colonial barriers between Francophone and Anglophone regions and peoples (2005, 2008). Considering the isolating power of the French language in a region dominated by English, Mateata‐Allain's approach underlines the wish of Mā‘ohi authors, including Vaite, to prioritize common Pacific experiences. Since Vaite's stitching of languages defies conceptions of linguistic zones in Oceania, I consider her use of English and of her three native languages from Mā‘ohi Nui as a strategy that decentralizes cultural experiences and identities and relocates them in a literary space that is uniquely hers.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara teks Serat Jatiswara dengan tradisi nyunatan di Desa Lendang Nangka, Kecamatan Masbagik, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, NTB. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif karena mendeskripsikan tentang keterkaitan teks Jatiswara dengan tafsiran masyarakat Sasak Desa Lendang Nangka yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai salah satu prosesi dalam acara nyunatan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang nilai-nilai dan pesan yang terkandung dalam teks Jatiswara sehingga mempunyai kelarasan dengan acara nyunatan di Desa Lendang Nangka. Teks Serat Jatiswara adalah sastra lama berbentuk prosa yang mengisahkan tentang perjalanan Jatiswara menyebarkan Islam ke tanah Jawa. Dari isi teks tersebut masyarakat Sasak di Desa Lendang Nangka menilai secara filosofis bahwa ada keterkaitan antara nilai-nilai dan pesan dengan acara nyunatan. Adapun teori yang dipakai untuk bisa memantau apakah ada keselarasan di antara dua aspek yang berbeda itu penulis skripsi ini memakai Hermeneutika Gadamer. Teori ini dijadikan alat penelitian karena memiliki nilai humanisme yang bisa melihat dari segi tradisi masyarakat dalam penafsiran suatu teks. Sehingga dalam hasil penelitian ini, peniliti menemukan keselarasian antara kedua aspek yang berbeda itu dari tafsiran terhadap teks dengan kepercayaan yang ada di masyarakat (culture) Desa Lendang Nangka.
Kata Kunci: Keterkaitan, Serat Jatiswara, Nyunatan, dan Hermeneutika Gadamer
Theory and practice of education, Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
A nyelvi jelentés karteziánusan pszichologizáló elképzelését számos filozófus találta tarthatatlannak, és mintha Mishima Yukio rejtélyes művei egy azt szintén összeromboló elképzelést tükröznének mind szerkezetükben, mind elbeszélésük módjában, mind cselekményvezetésükben. Mishima Yukio életművében egy sajátos metafizikai elképzelés látszik újabb és újabb alakot ölteni, melynek első felbukkanását már az Egy maszk vallomásában (1949), egyik első regényében nyomon lehet követni. Mishima fő témája a pszichopátiaszerkezetű kegyetlenség volt, amelyet egy sajátos szubjektum-objektum szerkezetű metafizikai elképzeléssel összefüggő módon tárgyalt a műveiben. Emiatt hathatott esztétikájára nagyon erősen az archaikus görögség diszharmonikus világlátása, illetve tragédiaelmélete. Ugyanakkor fölvetődik az is, hogy Mishima sajátos elképzelése a nyelviség sajátos elképzelésével összefüggésben nem interpretálható-e az éntelenség hagyományos buddhista dogmájának megfelelőként.
In this article, I read the Dutch poet Alfred Schaffer’s volume of poetry Mens dier ding (Man animal thing) against the background of transnationalism. I employ transnationalism as critical or hermeneutic perspective and focus on the identity of the author, the themes worked out in the volume and the use of anachronism and metapoetical references as literary strategies in support of the transnational nature of the text. Reference is made to the way in which Schaffer’s biography (his Dutch-Aruban descent, his movement between the Netherlands and South Africa, his views on poetry) facilitates a transnational reading of his volume Mens dier ding based on the history of the Zulu king Shaka as depicted in Thomas Mofolo’s novel Chaka (published in 1925). The article also reads Mens dier ding against the background of the idea that transnational literature is a particular kind of literature that emerges at a specific point in history and deals with issues and themes associated with imperialism, colonisation, decolonisation and globalisation such as migration, displacement, cultural hybridity, identity, citizenship and the status of refugees. This reading is prompted by the fact that Schaffer displaces the historical Shaka to the present and eventually also represent him as an asylum seeker in an unnamed country. I discuss the volume’s formal features, the transnational conversation with Mofolo’s novel, the use of anachronism and the insertion of metapoetical elements in the text as literary strategies to deal with transnational issues such as migration, displacement, racial hierarchies, inequality and refugee experience.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan penggunaan diksi dalam tuturan mahasiswa asing UM saat pembelajaran BIPA, mendeskripsikan kesalahan penggunaan diksi yang sering terjadi dalam tuturan mahasiswa asing UM saat pembelajaran BIPA, dan mendeskripsikan faktor penyebab kesalahan penggunaan diksi dalam tuturan mahasiswa asing UM saat pembelajaran BIPA. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan mahasiswa asing baik dengan pengajar maupun dengan tutor selama pembelajaran BIPA yang sesuai dengan fokus penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesalahan penggunaan diksi pada aspek (1) kebakuan kata, (2) kecermatan kata, (3) ketepatan kata, (4) kelaziman kata, dan (5) keserasian kata.
Kata Kunci: kesalahan, penggunaan diksi, tuturan, pembelajaran BIPA
Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
The implementation of team games tournament’s (TGT) type in increasing students competence in writing historical text story of Indonesian language with the aim to know the students competece in writing historical text story in XII IPS 3 class of SMAN 3 Selong. The researcher uses the action class research. The data collection is observation and test then use qualitative and quantitative descriftive analysis. The research is applied in two periods. The first period, there were nine students who got high value, seven students who got medium, and ten students who got low. So, in the first period only got 61,5%. It means that the researcher should do the next step. Meanwhile, in the second period, there were twenty students who got high value, four students who got medium, and two students who got low. So, the research in the second period by using cooperative learning team games tournament’s type in arranging travel text got the target that is 88,4%. The results indicated that TGT could develop the students competence in writing historical text story in Indonesia language lesson.
Key words: Kooperatif Learning; Team Games Tournament; dan Historical Text Story
Theory and practice of education, Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mendeskripsikan tentang proses pengembangan buku suplemen teks cerita fantasi untuk penanaman nilai antiradikalisme siswa SMP kelas VII, (2) Mendeskripsikan kualitas produk buku suplemen teks cerita fantasi untuk penanaman nilai antiradikalisme siswa SMP kelas VII. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengadaptasi model Four D (4-D) yang meliputi tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan penyebaran. Subjek uji coba penelitian ini siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Larangan Kabupaten Pamekasan tahun pelajaran 2015/ 2016. Untuk uji coba I (terbatas) dilakukan pada 12 orang siswa, dan uji coba II (luas) dilakukan pada 20 orang kelas VII8. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi, angket, lembar pengamatan dan tes hasil belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui validasi, angket dan pengamatan. Penganalisisan data dilakukan melalui data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian kualitas buku suplemen meliputi kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Kevalidan diperoleh dari validasi ahli materi yang ahli dibidangnya. Hasil kepraktisan dari hasil keterlaksanaan RPP dengan presentase 82% berkategori baik respon siswa dengan presentase 87% berkategori sangat baik, dan respon guru dengan presenatse 84% berkategori baik. keefektifan buku suplemen dilihat dari aktivitas siswa 84% dengan kategori baik dan aktivitas guru dengan presentase 87% berkategori sangat baik, ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa mencapai 90% tuntas dengan kategori sangat baik. Dengan demikian buku suplemen teks cerita fantasi untuk penanaman nilai antiradikalisme siswa SMP Kelas VII mencapai kevalidan sangat baik, praktis, dan sangat efektif sehingga dapat digunakan.
Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
Op Ou Krismis 2011, 24 Desember, besoek ek en my vrou Sandy drie grafte. Vir ons drie belangrike grafte, almal afgestorwe lede van die Cape Flats Players: Boccaccio Braaf, my seun; Melvin Whitebooi, my vriend en Ivan Sylvester, my skoonbroer. By elkeen se graf besef ek die kortstondigheid van die lewe en my gedagtes gaan terug na die spesiale momente wat ons gedeel het. By Melly se graf in Stikland-begraafplaas sien ek die blomme en die kranse en ek dink: “Dié familie kyk goed na jou graf en jy leef voort in hul gedagtes.” En dit is reg so, want hy het hulle respek verdien.
Computer-assisted methods of teaching and learning languages have been surrounded by controversy and debate for over a decade. In 1979, however, microcomputers began to appear in a form suitable for educational applications, offering for the first time an alternative to both the cost and the approach of large computer systems. The impact of the microcomputer has been limited by a number of factors, and microcomputerassisted learning is still in a relative state of infancy. The main implications for language teaching and learning are only now beginning to be understood, just as the limiting factors are starting to disappear. This paper will assess the present situation and outline some likely future developments in the use of microcomputers in language learning. Rekenaargesteunde metodes by die onderrig en aanleer van tale is reeds meer as 'n dekade lank omgewe deur meningsverskil. In 1979 egter het mikrorekenaars hulle verskyning begin maak in 'n toepaslike vorm vir opvoedkundige doeleindes. Vir die eerste keer was daar 'n alternatief vir die koste verbonde aan en die benaderingswyse van groot rekenaarstelsels. Die trefkrag van die mikrorekenaar is deur 'n aantal faktore gekortwiek en rekenaargesteunde onderrig is steeds in sy kinderskoene. Die belangrikste implikasies vir die aanleer en onderrig van tale begin nou eers deurdring soos die beperkende faktore begin verdwyn. Hierdie artikel takseer die huidige situasie en omlyn moontlike toekomstige ontwikkelings vir die gebruik van mikrorekenaars by taalaanleer.
Language and Literature, African languages and literature
The development of an inflected form generator for Afrikaans
In this article the development of an inflected form generator for Afrikaans is described. Two requirements are set for this inflected form generator, viz. to generate only one specific inflected form of a lemma and to generate all possible inflected forms of a lemma. The decision to use machine learning instead of the more traditional rule-based approach in the development of this core-technology is explained and a brief overview of the development of LIA, a lemmatiser for Afrikaans, is given. Experiments are done with three different methods and it is shown that the most effective way of developing an inflected form generator for Afrikaans is by training different classifiers for each affix. Therefore a classifier is trained to generate a plural form, one to generate the diminutive, one to generate the plural of diminutive, et cetera. The final inflected form generator for Afrikaans (AIL-3) reaches an average accuracy of 86,37% on the training data and 86,88% on a small amount of new data. It is indicated that, with the help of a preprocessing module, AIL-3 meets the requirements that were set for an Afrikaans inflected form generator. Finally suggestions are made on how to improve the accuracy of AIL-3.
AbstractFour babies with congenital listeriosis were diagnosed in the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong in 1990—1991. Two died in the early neonatal period. The remaining 2 survived and recovered with no sequelae. The clinical and pathological features of these babies, together with those reported in the recent literature are highlighted so as to raise a high index of suspicion toward this disease and hopefully prompt treatment can be offered.
Formal language planning is inevitably a top-down, highly technical process. Success for such planning would seem to depend on engaging productively with existing or readily developed social motivation within the society. This article reports on an informal investigation into how ordinary language practitioners and cultural workers in South Africa view the possibilities of contributing to the country's emerging language dispensation, what they regard as their most useful possible contributions, and what they expect from the language planners and 'government' in support of South Africa's Language Policy and Plan.
Language and Literature, African languages and literature