Hasil untuk "International relations"

Ian Florin

Taking a critical geopolitical approach, this article shows how Europe has been mobilized as a geographical object for thinking about and putting into practice transnational environmental conservation between Finland, Norway and Russia since the end of the Cold War. This study contributes to the literature on critical geopolitics and environmental governance by examining the intersection of conservation and international relations in post-Soviet Europe. It engages with scholarship on geopolitical imaginaries, which conceptualize how social constructed spatial entities such as Europe are mobilized for thinking about and putting into practice international relations. The article builds on existing research on transboundary conservation, European integration, and the role of environmental initiatives in shaping geopolitical narratives. By exploring how conservation efforts are used in international relations, this research adds to debates on the instrumentalization of environmental governance within broader geopolitical frameworks.Methodologically, this study employs a qualitative approach, combining documentary research with in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The documentary analysis includes official policy documents, reports, and promotional materials related to the Green Belt of Fennoscandia (GBF). The study also draws on forty interviews with policymakers, conservationists, and local stakeholders across Finland, Norway, and Russia. These interviews explore perceptions of the GBF’s role in transnational governance and its function within European-Russian relations. A thematic analysis of the collected data enables a nuanced understanding of how conservation initiatives are framed and mobilized in different political and institutional contexts.This article illustrates how the relationship between the European Union and Russia is not the work of two monolithic blocs motivated solely by their interest in power, but that it operates through diverse channels and responds to the subjectivities of the actors who make it up at local level. Firstly, it shows how the development of the green belt was linked to the idea of spreading the values of the European project in post-Soviet Russia. Secondly, it explains how transnational environmental conservation is organized and actually operates at local level through decentralized actors.

John Walker

Negotiating an international disarmament treaty that has as one of its core requirements the concept of “irreversibility” will be a major task, especially so if the aim is to ensure that nuclear weapons and the means of their production and maintenance are irreversibly destroyed. The task exists on several levels: the practical and technical – how to design and implement an effective verification regime, the legal – how to frame necessary treaty definitions, prohibitions and controls; and diplomatic – negotiating and agreeing on the treaty provisions and the temporal factors. The Chemical Weapons Convention’s main objective is the destruction of chemical weapons and their production facilities, but an equally important objective is prevention of their re-emergence. At the heart of the matter is the concept of dual-use where materials and facilities have both legitimate peaceful purposes and actual or potential for hostile purposes, and the basic starting materials required exist in nature. The same applies in the nuclear context. So what can we learn from the CWC? A treaty with nuclear irreversibility as its goal will face multiple challenges. Setting and agreeing treaty language that is clear on scope and enables trouble-free implementation over many decades will not be easily achieved given the record of existing and previous arms control and disarmament treaties. However, there is likely to be one crucial difference: a treaty with nuclear irreversibility as its sole purpose will not be negotiated and implemented in the sort of conflicted world that we saw during the Cold War.

Liudmyla Datsenko, Svitlana Titova, Marharyta Dubnytska

Aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to substantiate the conceptual approaches of the complex and to consider its main components regarding the restoration of territories affected by the war in Ukraine, with an emphasis on the incompleteness of current legal acts. It is therefore essential to develop new legal mechanisms that will ensure the procedure for removing contaminated lands into state ownership for their long-term restoration, with appropriate compensation to landowners for the period of time that the contaminated land remains in state ownership. Material and methods: The theoretical basis consists of academic research by domestic and international scientists in the field of land management and environmental protection, legislative and regulatory acts, methodological and instructional materials, statistical and analytical data of ministries and departments of Ukraine, as well as public organizations regarding the use of land resources and socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine. Methods used include: monographic analysis; synthesis method; structural and logical method; systemic approach; dialectical principle of connection /interaction. Results and conclusions: The land relations during the reconstruction of Ukraine should be based on the following principles and approaches: openness of the public cadastral map of Ukraine; simplification of permit procedures; assessment of land and soil quality, inventory; continuation of the trend of decreasing arable land; conservation of lands, the use of which could harm human life and health as well as the state of the environment; expropriation of land from tenants who are connected to Russia or Belarus; soil conservation in the context of war; introduction of the state system for the control of land resources and the responsibility of land users.

Mohammad Feizabadi, Arman Hosseini, Zakaria Yahouni

In smart manufacturing, scheduling autonomous internal logistic vehicles is crucial for optimizing operational efficiency. This paper proposes a multi-agent deep Q-network (MADQN) with a layer-based communication channel (LBCC) to address this challenge. The main goals are to minimize total job tardiness, reduce the number of tardy jobs, and lower vehicle energy consumption. The method is evaluated against nine well-known scheduling heuristics, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling dynamic job shop behaviors like job arrivals and workstation unavailabilities. The approach also proves scalable, maintaining performance across different layouts and larger problem instances, highlighting the robustness and adaptability of MADQN with LBCC in smart manufacturing.

Ignacio Garrón, C. Vladimir Rodríguez-Caballero, Esther Ruiz

In a globalised world, inflation in a given country may be becoming less responsive to domestic economic activity, while being increasingly determined by international conditions. Consequently, understanding the international sources of vulnerability of domestic inflation is turning fundamental for policy makers. In this paper, we propose the construction of Inflation-at-risk and Deflation-at-risk measures of vulnerability obtained using factor-augmented quantile regressions estimated with international factors extracted from a multi-level Dynamic Factor Model with overlapping blocks of inflations corresponding to economies grouped either in a given geographical region or according to their development level. The methodology is implemented to inflation observed monthly from 1999 to 2022 for over 115 countries. We conclude that, in a large number of developed countries, international factors are relevant to explain the right tail of the distribution of inflation, and, consequently, they are more relevant for the vulnerability related to high inflation than for average or low inflation. However, while inflation of developing low-income countries is hardly affected by international conditions, the results for middle-income countries are mixed. Finally, based on a rolling-window out-of-sample forecasting exercise, we show that the predictive power of international factors has increased in the most recent years of high inflation.

C. Accettura, S. Adrian, R. Agarwal et al.

The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accelerator complex, detectors and physics for a future muon collider. In 2023, European Commission support was obtained for a design study of a muon collider (MuCol) [3]. This project started on 1st March 2023, with work-packages aligned with the overall muon collider studies. In preparation of and during the 2021-22 U.S. Snowmass process, the muon collider project parameters, technical studies and physics performance studies were performed and presented in great detail. Recently, the P5 panel [4] in the U.S. recommended a muon collider R&D, proposed to join the IMCC and envisages that the U.S. should prepare to host a muon collider, calling this their "muon shot". In the past, the U.S. Muon Accelerator Programme (MAP) [5] has been instrumental in studies of concepts and technologies for a muon collider.

Katya Carbone, Fabio Gervasi, Latipa Kozhamzharova et al.

Plants, with their range of pharmacologically active molecules, represent the most promising source for the production of new anticancer drugs and for the formulation of adjuvants in chemotherapy treatments to reduce drug content and/or counteract the side effects of chemotherapy. Casticin is a major bioactive flavonoid isolated from several plants, mainly from the Vitex species. This compound is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are mainly exploited in traditional medicine. Recently, the antineoplastic potential of casticin has attracted the attention of the scientific community for its ability to target multiple cancer pathways. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to present and critically analyze the antineoplastic potential of casticin, highlighting the molecular pathways underlying its antitumor effects. Bibliometric data were extracted from the Scopus database using the search strings “casticin” and “cancer” and analyzed using VOSviewer software to generate network maps to visualize the results. Overall, more than 50% of the articles were published since 2018 and even more recent studies have expanded the knowledge of casticin’s antitumor activity by adding interesting new mechanisms of action as a topoisomerase IIα inhibitor, DNA methylase 1 inhibitor, and an upregulator of the onco-suppressive miR-338-3p. Casticin counteracts cancer progression through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and metastasis arrest, acting on several pathways that are generally dysregulated in different types of cancer. In addition, they highlight that casticin can be considered as a promising epigenetic drug candidate to target not only cancer cells but also cancer stem-like cells.

Ryan Prox

On November 21, 2022, Dr. Ryan Prox, Adjunct Professor in the School of Criminology at Simon Fraser University, presented Data & Infrastructure Security: The Risk of AI Enabled Cyber Attacks and Quantum Hacking.  A question-and-answer period with the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives followed the presentation. The key topics discussed were the evolution of data and infrastructure security, the increasing interconnectedness of critical infrastructure, and the need to increase resilience in the face of revolutionary technological advancements.     Received: 2023-01-23 Revised: 2023-01-27

Kalle Koivisto, Toni Taipalus

Knowledge is considered an essential resource for organizations. For organizations to benefit from their possessed knowledge, knowledge needs to be managed effectively. Despite knowledge sharing and management being viewed as important by practitioners, organizations fail to benefit from their knowledge, leading to issues in cooperation and the loss of valuable knowledge with departing employees. This study aims to identify hindering factors that prevent individuals from effectively sharing and managing knowledge and understand how to eliminate these factors. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured group interviews from 50 individuals working in an international large IT organization. This study confirms the existence of a gap between the perceived importance of knowledge management and how little this importance is reflected in practice. Several hindering factors were identified, grouped into personal social topics, organizational social topics, technical topics, environmental topics, and interrelated social and technical topics. The presented recommendations for mitigating these hindering factors are focused on improving employees' actions, such as offering training and guidelines to follow. The findings of this study have implications for organizations in knowledge-intensive fields, as they can use this knowledge to create knowledge sharing and management strategies to improve their overall performance.

Olga Pakova, Anton Khasanov

The article considers topical issues of the functioning of the European market in a globalizing economy. The notion of «Euromarket», considers the types of transactions and loans in the Euromarket, the participants and direction of development. Identified major changes in operations on the Euromarket in the context of globalization, a share of participation of Bank of Russia and the national banks, the necessity of increase of efficiency offunctioning of the financial market in order to strengthen the international economic relations and increasing the volume of international trade in inancial instruments.

Maria Albareda-Sambola, Marta Baldomero-Naranjo, Juan Manuel Muñoz-Ocaña et al.

The International Workshop on Locational Analysis and Related Problems will take place during January 31-February 1, 2022 in Elche (Spain). It is organized by the Spanish Location Network and the Location Group GELOCA from the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research (SEIO). The Spanish Location Network is a group of more than 140 researchers from several Spanish universities organized into 7 thematic groups. The Network has been funded by the Spanish Government since 2003. This edition of the conference is organized in collaboration with project PROMETEO/2021/063 funded by the Valencian government. One of the main activities of the Network is a yearly meeting aimed at promoting the communication among its members and between them and other researchers, and to contribute to the development of the location field and related problems. The last meetings have taken place in Sevilla (January 23-24, 2020), Cádiz (January 20-February 1, 2019), Segovia (September 27-29, 2017), Málaga (September 14-16, 2016), Barcelona (November 25-28, 2015), Sevilla (October 1-3, 2014), Torremolinos (Málaga, June 19-21, 2013), Granada (May 10-12, 2012), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (February 2-5, 2011) and Sevilla (February 1-3, 2010). The topics of interest are location analysis and related problems. This includes location models, networks, transportation, logistics, exact and heuristic solution methods, and computational geometry, among others.

Mandeep Singh Rai

The subject of international institutions and power politics continues to occupy a central position in the field of International Relations and to the world politics. It revolves around key questions on how rising states, regional powers and small states leverage international institutions for achieving social, political, economic gains for themselves. Taking into account one of the rising powers China and the role of international institutions in the contemporary international politics, this paper aims to demonstrate, how in pursuit of power politics, various states (Small, Regional and Great powers) utilise international institutions by making them adapt to the new power realities critical to world politics.

Julene Siddique, Peter Joseph

Social theories and humanitarian movements, despite their good intentions, have had limited effectiveness. This paper introduces Socio-Systemic science as a conceptual and implementation framework designed for effective high impact systemic action. The science of Socio-Systemic impact is led by the Social Architect who understands how to consciously catalyse key drivers of systemic change. The rise of a systems-based worldview forms the basis of a new way of understanding modern problems, inferring the kind of thinking and leadership required today. The Social Architect is a new entity in this development, working to apply grounded sociological science and understandings of natural systems to improving the human condition. Where traditional activism falls short through structural illiteracy and continually stumbles in engaging mere symptoms of world issues, the Social Architects act as the compassionate analysts addressing the systemic causes of world issues. We can no longer turn a blind eye to structural violence and systemic failure. Inside the dark heart of structural violence are the keys of societal re-architecting that are in fact our only hope out of it. The first part of this paper outlines the science of Socio-Systemic impact. The second part explains how to put the science into practice; reviews current implementation methods being deployed by leading Social Architects; outlines the key skills and roles of the Social Architect working individually as well as strategies for integral systemic action, and, lastly, suggests further action strategies and prospects for the future.

Nataliya Antonyuk, Oleksandra Fedun, Nataliya Papish

The article discusses the political and legal aspects and the dynamics of Ukraine’s interaction with the EU and its Member States in the field of integrated border management in order to improve interagency and international cooperation, introduce joint control at checkpoints, organise joint patrols, improve the level of security and openness of state borders and enhance their integration function. The issues of construction and modernisation of checkpoints, implementation of European border standards, customs and other types of control at the state border of Ukraine and the EU countries have been researched. The perspectives of Ukraine’s entry into the integrated border management system at the present stage have been outlined. The mechanisms of in-depth cooperation in the field of integrated border management under conditions of implementing the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU have been elucidated.

Tomona Kinugawa, Tetsuo Hyodo

The compositeness is defined as the weight of the hadronic molecule in the hadron wave function. We can determine the internal structure of the weak-binding system without any specific models from the compositeness. In order to estimate the compositeness of the system with a large effective range, we introduce the range correction to Weinberg's weak-binding relation by modifying the correction terms. We study the applicability of the weak-binding relations by the numerical calculation and show that the improved relation can be applied to a larger parameter region compared with the previous one.

Yuzhao Yang, Fatma Abdelhedi, Jérôme Darmont et al.

Missing values occur commonly in the multidimensional data warehouses. They may generate problems of usefulness of data since the analysis performed on a multidimensional data warehouse is through different dimensions with hierarchies where we can roll up or drill down to the different parameters of analysis. Therefore, it's essential to complete these missing values in order to carry out a better analysis. There are existing data imputation methods which are suitable for numeric data, so they can be applied for fact tables but not for dimension tables. Some other data imputation methods need extra time and effort costs. As consequence, we propose in this article an internal data imputation method for multidimensional data warehouse based on the existing data and considering the intra-dimension and inter-dimension relationships.

Łukasz Staśkiewicz

The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus as legislative authority representation mainly plays a legislative role. However, both Chambers of the Belarusian Parliament are also involved in the process of implementing the country foreign policy. They perform it through the activities within the framework of multilateral cooperation or bilateral cooperation. They consider legislative issues related to international agreements or the approval of foreign policy orientations. The presentation of the above issue required an analysis of the Belarusian Parliament constitutional status in the context of international relations, as well as normative acts that regulate the political and legal aspects of activities in the discussed area. Therefore, an institutional and legal analysis, as well as a comparative method were mainly used. The analysis of legal bases of the Belarusian Parliament activities within the framework of foreign policy allowed to present the aspects related to the organisation of these activities, as well as to characterise competence, and to assess the Parliament role within this area. The results of the carried-out studies showed that the position of the National Assembly in foreign policy, despite its entitled competence, is small or not fully exploited.

O. K. Goncharenko

The Declaration on the elimination of violence against women adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December, 1993 defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or islikely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrarydeprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life”. In fact, in order to cover all situations connected with acts of violence against women, some international legal documents use the term “domestic violence”, which implies that an act has occurred within the family or at home, between the former or the current spouses or partners. The psychology of men and women, along with their mentality differ in their nature inherent to the psychological and genetic aspects. These differences are applicable to the question of domestic violence, which men practically or expressively use as a way of letting out their emotions. In this regard, women are those who mainly suffer from forms of violence, which could be identified, becoming seriously injured by their partners. Above all, domestic violence by men presents an imminent threat to the life and health of a woman, since she often has to continue to live together with a man even after being divorced or while investigative activities are being conducted. Moreover, the consequences of this phenomenon have not only a physical component, but also a psychological one, diminishing the fundamental rights of a woman, as well as negatively affecting the formation of her personality. Additionally to internal factors, which influence on the occurrence of such situations within a family, there are external ones conducive to the spread and increase of the abovementioned phenomenon, turning a fight against it into an overall mission, which is actual for all countries. Nowadays the world community faces a range of global challenges, threats and risks, which could have negative impacts of various scales, resulting in deterioration of general human condition. Poverty, underdevelopment of the population and mostly the European migration crisis, which adversely affects women making them more vulnerable are among them. Migrant women, irrespective of the presence or absence of a legal status, as well as women asylum-seekers are at increased risk of violence and face the same difficulties while addressing it. Taking into account the urgency of the problem for all countries, the phenomenon of domestic violence prevalence remains a subject to in-depth international legal review. In this article there are statutory and actual materials; the factors influencing on the occurrence of such situations are being explored; the philosophical inquire is presented; the international legal tools as a way to address violence against women and domestic violence are presented.

The focus of the international scientific conference Society. Health. Welfare is on the human being in diverse relations with the contemporary world. The social environment, personal and public health and opportunities of enhancing one's personal and public welfare are mutually related factors. The outcomes of studies addressing these diverse relations are revealed in Volume 2 of the collection of papers of the conference “Society. Health. Welfare 2016”. The collection consists of 44 papers written by authors from Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Russia.

Surendra Kumar Bohara, Dinesh Raj Bhuju, Tikeshwori Bohara

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre las cuentas nacionales con el crecimiento industrial en Nepal, a través de un estudio de enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. Los datos de la línea de tiempo se analizaron para probar la hipótesis entre las variables, los cuales se tomaron a través de entrevistas con informantes clave (KII) y revisión secundaria, y se analizaron por medio de los programas MS-Excel y la versión SPSS 21. Los términos inclusión, igualdad y sostenibilidad se asumieron claramente en los planes nacionales de desarrollo desde 1956, a su vez que se encontraron planes  nuevos que adoptaban perspectivas mundiales sofisticadas sin considerar los recursos nacionales y la capacidad para implementarlos. La industria manufacturera, medida con el coeficiente de Pearson 0,865 al 99% CI produjo una variabilidad del 74% en el empleo industrial total. Adicionalmente, la industria manufacturera tiene una tendencia decreciente en su contribución sectorial al PIB, sin embargo, encontró una fuerte correlación positiva de 0,737 con el crecimiento del PIB y el PIB per cápita. Por último, el sector manufacturero tiene alcance para impulsar el objetivo de desarrollo nacional de Nepal. Palabras claves: Industria manufacturera, crecimiento industrial, perspectivas de desarrollo, crecimiento económico, regresión.