Hasil untuk "History of Italy"

Caterina Pignotti, Maria Chiara Giorda

Urban space is the social field in which religious diversity in contemporary Italy becomes most evident and where religious groups compete for visibility, recognition, and places of worship. The sites of so-called minorities can be observed as indicators of a plural religious geography. Peaceful and conflictual dynamics are both expressed precisely through external recognition, which may be horizontal—religious and social—when between peers or vertical therefore juridical. This study presents the findings of research conducted in the city of Turin, an emblematic case within the Italian religious landscape for the management of religious diversity and interreligious dialogue initiatives. The analysis focuses on the Romanian Orthodox Church located in the historic center, which we interpret as a shared religious place. This case shows how a spatial and material perspective can offer an innovative approach to the field of interreligious dialogue. Places of worship are crucial spaces for interreligious dialogue: they serve as laboratories of local peace-building and experiments in coexistence, mutual respect, encounter, and conflict mediation. However, in a frame of multiple secularities, the ambiguity of both the national and regional legal systems contribute to marginality of the religious dimension in the city’s urban planning policies, ignoring the important role these places play as spaces of cohesion, identity, inclusion.

G. Aad, B. Abbott, K. Abeling et al.

A search for new phenomena giving rise to pairs of opposite electrically charged muons with impact parameters in the millimeter range is presented, using 139 fb−1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data from the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search targets the gap in coverage between existing searches targeting final states with leptons with large displacement and prompt leptons. No significant excess over the background expectation is observed and exclusion limits are set on the mass of long-lived scalar supersymmetric muon-partners (smuons) with much lower lifetimes than previously targeted by displaced muon searches. Smuon lifetimes down to 1 ps are excluded for a smuon mass of 100 GeV, and smuon masses up to 520 GeV are excluded for a proper lifetime of 10 ps, at 95% confidence level. Finally, model-independent limits are set on the contribution from new phenomena to the signal-region yields.

Tanasi Davide, Greco Enrico

Fish and fish products are considered important sources of nutrition due to their high protein, fat, and fat-soluble vitamin content. These food items have been extensively discussed and celebrated in various genres of Greek literature. However, there is a discrepancy between the rich textual evidence of fish cooking and consumption and the limited archaeological evidence of fishing gear, especially with respect to Greek Sicily. Such scarcity of evidence is particularly evident in the Archaic period. To address the issue of fish consumption in Greek Sicily and to determine the role of fish in the local communities’ diet, this study focuses on the new data that have emerged from stable isotopes analysis on skeletal remains from a recently discovered Archaic period necropolis in Syracuse. The study analyzes the dietary habits of the individuals buried in the necropolis and establishes possible connections between burial practices and diet. Additionally, the study compares the dietary patterns with the social status of the individuals, as demonstrated by the funerary context. The comparison of the new evidence with similar contexts will allow for a critical review of the literary sources and the reinterpretation of the archaeological record. Through this, the study aims to establish the role of fish in the diet of the Greeks of Sicily and their significance at the dining table.

Michael V. Maseda, Zach Lewis, Jorryt Matthee et al.

Deep Very Large Telescope/MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy has recently revealed an abundant population of ultra-faint galaxies ( M _UV ≈ −15; 0.01 L _⋆ ) at z = 2.9−6.7 due to their strong Ly α emission with no detectable continuum. The implied Ly α equivalent widths can be in excess of 100–200 Å, challenging existing models of normal star formation and indicating extremely young ages, small stellar masses, and a very low amount of metal enrichment. We use JWST/NIRSpec’s microshutter array to follow up 45 of these galaxies (11 hr in G235M/F170LP and 7 hr in G395M/F290LP), as well as 45 lower-equivalent width Ly α emitters. Our spectroscopy covers the range 1.7−5.1 micron in order to target strong optical emission lines: H α , [O iii ], H β , and [N II]. Individual measurements as well as stacks reveal line ratios consistent with a metal-poor nature (2%−40% Z _⊙ , depending on the calibration). The galaxies with the highest equivalent widths of Ly α , in excess of 90 Å, have lower [N II]/H α (1.9 σ ) and [O iii ]/H β (2.2 σ ) ratios than those with lower equivalent widths, implying lower gas-phase metallicities at a combined significance of 2.4 σ . This implies a selection based on Ly α equivalent width is an efficient technique for identifying younger, less chemically enriched systems.

Martina Attenni, Carlo Bianchini, Marika Griffo et al.

The paper aims at investigating modelling strategies in HBIM context to identify at what extent the final use of the model might affects, or should affect, the modelling approach itself. Moreover, the discussion wants to shed light on the possibility of connecting in just one digital environment several instances connected to the building. These aims will be discussed presenting and evaluating two different modelling approaches: the “black box” modelling and the “white box” model-ling. The two terms are partially borrowed from computer science to explain two types of testing. The “black box” testing is performed without any preliminary knowledge about the system functionality and internal components; on the contrary, the “white box” testing, implies a full knowledge of the system. These two approaches will be compared to two ways of conceiving a building information model. In conclusion, the paper will investigate the possibility to integrate in just one model, the grey box model, the two ones previously discussed.

Claudio Cavazzuti

F. Cámara, D. Holtstam, N. Jansson et al.

<p><span id="page660"/>Zinkgruvanite, ideally Ba<span class="inline-formula">₄</span>Mn<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="28b8815ddf29031da9a15ec20bc0c62d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00005.svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>Fe<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7ab3e60d293e5f6af16705622d6ca4dd"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00006.svg" width="12pt" height="17pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>(Si<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O<span class="inline-formula">₇)₂</span>(SO<span class="inline-formula">₄)₂</span>O<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>(OH)<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>, is a new member of the ericssonite group, found in Ba-rich drill core samples from a sphalerite- and galena- and diopside-rich metatuffite succession from the Zinkgruvan mine, Örebro County, Sweden. Zinkgruvanite is associated with massive baryte, barytocalcite, diopside and minor witherite, cerchiaraite-Al, and sulfide minerals. It occurs as subhedral to euhedral flattened and elongated crystals up to 4 mm. It is almost black and semi-opaque with a dark-brown streak. The lustre is vitreous to sub-adamantine on crystal faces and resinous on fractures. The mineral is brittle with an uneven fracture. VHN<span class="inline-formula">₁₀₀=539</span>, and H<span class="inline-formula">_Mohs</span> <span class="inline-formula">≈</span> 4.5. In thin fragments, it is reddish-black, translucent and optically biaxial (<span class="inline-formula">+</span>), 2<span class="inline-formula"><i>V</i>_<i>z</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">&gt;</span> 70<span class="inline-formula">^∘</span>. Pleochroism is strong and deep brown-red (<span class="inline-formula"><strong><em>E</em></strong></span> <span class="inline-formula">⊥</span> <span class="inline-formula"><i>{</i>001<i>}</i></span> cleavage) to olive-pale-brown. Chemical point analyses by WDS-EPMA (wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyser) together with iron valencies determined from Mössbauer spectroscopy yielded the empirical formula (based on 26 O<span class="inline-formula">+</span>OH<span class="inline-formula">+</span>F<span class="inline-formula">+</span>Cl anions): (Ba<span class="inline-formula">_4.02</span>Na<span class="inline-formula">_0.03)_Σ4.05</span>(Mn<span class="inline-formula">_1.79</span>Fe<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M33" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">1.56</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="4e2657da9bf1a1005c61b46e5a0b16ff"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00007.svg" width="18pt" height="17pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>Fe<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M34" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">0.42</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="95e15facba73379041c2b38787c09e66"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00008.svg" width="18pt" height="17pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00008.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>Mg<span class="inline-formula">_0.14</span>Ca<span class="inline-formula">_0.10</span>Ni<span class="inline-formula">_0.01</span>Zn<span class="inline-formula">_0.01)_Σ4.03</span>(Fe<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M39" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">1.74</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b794586e145dd404b293762b8d9f995d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00009.svg" width="18pt" height="17pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00009.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>Ti<span class="inline-formula">_0.20</span>Al<span class="inline-formula">_0.06)_Σ2.00</span>Si<span class="inline-formula">₄</span>(S<span class="inline-formula">_1.61</span>Si<span class="inline-formula">_0.32</span>P<span class="inline-formula">_0.07)_Σ1.99</span>O<span class="inline-formula">₂₄</span>(OH<span class="inline-formula">_1.63</span>Cl<span class="inline-formula">_0.29</span>F<span class="inline-formula">_0.08)_Σ2.00</span>. The mineral is triclinic, in space group <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M50" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>P</mi><mover accent="true"><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">¯</mo></mover></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e86b7352d082dc86c64765dda8a595db"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00010.svg" width="16pt" height="12pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00010.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, with unit-cell parameters <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i>=5</span>.3982(1) Å, <span class="inline-formula"><i>b</i>=7</span>.0237(1) Å, <span class="inline-formula"><i>c</i>=14</span>.8108(4) Å, <span class="inline-formula"><i>α</i>=</span> 98.256(2)<span class="inline-formula">^∘</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>β</i>=</span> 93.379(2)<span class="inline-formula">^∘</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>γ</i>=</span> 89.985(2)<span class="inline-formula">^∘</span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>V</i>=</span> 554.75(2) Å<span class="inline-formula">³</span> for <span class="inline-formula"><i>Z</i>=1</span>. The eight strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are the following (<span class="inline-formula"><i>d</i></span> Å (I %; hkl)): 3.508 (70; 103), 2.980(70; 11<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M64" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mover accent="true"><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">‾</mo></mover></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="345c80e7f9ff65e352fcb2076ac3394f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00011.svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00011.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), 2.814 (68; 1<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M65" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mover accent="true"><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">‾</mo></mover></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="daa485d23ee07de0d10cd0e552135347"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00012.svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00012.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>2), 2.777 (70; 121), 2.699 (714; 200), 2.680 (68; 20<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M66" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mover accent="true"><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">‾</mo></mover></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="34b6701d827c435e6b3205503edf756f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00013.svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00013.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), 2.125 (100; 124, 204) and 2.107 (96; <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M67" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mover accent="true"><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo mathvariant="normal">‾</mo></mover></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="3e6250055890766015bb16c2b6a27591"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00014.svg" width="8pt" height="13pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00014.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>21). The crystal structure (<span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i>₁=0</span>.0379 for 3204 reflections) is an array of TS (titanium silicate) blocks alternating with intermediate blocks. The TS blocks consist of HOH sheets (H for heteropolyhedral and O for octahedral) parallel to (001). In the O sheet, the Mn<span class="inline-formula">²⁺</span>-dominant <span class="inline-formula"><i>M</i>^O</span>(1,2,3) sites give ideally Mn<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M71" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="75a030282913f27a2fb5ef5f1e752d05"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00015.svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00015.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> pfu (per formula unit). In the H sheet, the Fe<span class="inline-formula">³⁺</span>-dominant <span class="inline-formula"><i>M</i>^H</span> sites and <span class="inline-formula"><i>A</i>^<i>P</i></span>(1) sites give ideally Fe<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M75" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="bfb3dbd64914dca614119742ca4e8ef0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00016.svg" width="12pt" height="17pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00016.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>Ba<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> pfu. In the intermediate block, SO<span class="inline-formula">₄</span> oxyanions and 11 coordinated Ba atoms give ideally <span class="inline-formula">2×</span> SO<span class="inline-formula">₄</span>Ba pfu. Zinkgruvanite is related to ericssonite and ferroericssonite in having the same topology and type of linkage of layers in the TS block. Zinkgruvanite is also closely compositionally related to yoshimuraite, Ba<span class="inline-formula">₄</span>Mn<span class="inline-formula">₄</span>Ti<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>(Si<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O<span class="inline-formula">₇)₂</span>(PO<span class="inline-formula">₄)₂</span>O<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>(OH)<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>, via the coupled heterovalent substitution 2 Ti<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M88" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msup><mi/><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="3c898475919aa4ea5288daa2b4a2d501"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00017.svg" width="20pt" height="13pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00017.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> 2 (PO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M89" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></msub><msup><mo>)</mo><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="32039fe5ea4263661129399d218c92a5"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00018.svg" width="36pt" height="16pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00018.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>2 Fe<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M90" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msup><mi/><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="58c7ba42b8bb75ee58b01bfeee7f4b14"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00019.svg" width="20pt" height="13pt" src="ejm-33-659-2021-ie00019.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> 2 (SO<span class="inline-formula">₄)²⁻</span> but presents a different type of linkage. The new mineral probably formed during a late stage of regional metamorphism of a Ba-enriched, syngenetic protolith, involving locally generated oxidized fluids of high salinity.</p>

Oriana Nanni, Pierluigi Viale, Bernadette Vertogen et al.

Abstract Objectives Hydroxychloroquine has shown to have antiviral activity in vitro against coronaviruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2. It is believed to block virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus cell fusion and glycosylation of viral surface proteins. In addition to its antiviral activity, hydroxychloroquine has an immune-modulating activity that may synergistically enhance its antiviral effect in vivo, making it a potentially promising drug for the prevention and the cure of SARS-CoV-19. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to assess whether it can be used safely to treat COVID-19 patients or to prevent infection. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for (I) the prevention of COVID-19 or related symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects, such as as household members/contacts of COVID-19 patients and (II) the treatment of early-phase asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Trial design This is a controlled, open label, cluster-randomized, superiority trial with parallel group design. Subjects will be randomized either to receive hydroxychloroquine or to observation (2:1). Participants SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects, including household members and/or contacts of COVID-19 patients and healthcare professionals (Group 1) or patients with COVID-19 (positive PCR test on a rhinopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2), asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic in home situations who are not undergoing treatment with any anti COVID-19 medication (Group 2), will be enrolled. Paucisymptomatic patients are defined as patients with a low number of mild symptoms. All subjects must be aged ≥18 years, male or female, must be willing and able to give informed consent and must not have any contraindications to take hydroxychloroquine (intolerance or previous toxicity for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, bradycardia or reduction in heart rhythm with arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, retinopathy, congestive heart failure with use of diuretics, favism or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, diabetes type 1, major comorbidities such as advanced chronic kidney disease or dialysis therapy, known history of ventricular arrhythmia, any oncologic/hematologic malignancy, severe neurological and mental illness, current use of medications with known significant drug-drug interactions, and known prolonged QT syndrome or current use of drugs with known QT prolongation). The study is monocentric and will be conducted at Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS. Subjects will be enrolled from a large epidemic region (North-Central Italy). The Public Health Departments of several Italian regions will collaborate by identifying potentially eligible subjects. Intervention and comparator The participants will be randomized (2:1 randomization) to receive either hydroxychloroquine (Arm A) or to Observation (Arm B). Hydroxychloroquine will be administered with the following schedule: Group1: A loading dose hydroxychloroquine 400 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by a weekly dose of hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily on days 8, 15 and 22, for a total of one month of treatment. Group 2: A loading dose hydroxychloroquine 400 mg twice daily on day 1 followed by 200 mg twice daily for a total of 5-7 days. The comparator in this trial is observation given that currently neither treatment is administered to asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic subjects, nor prophylaxis is available for contacts. Hydroxychloroquine will be shipped to subjects within 24 hours of randomization. Given the extraordinary nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, only telephonic interviews will be carried out and electronic Patient Reported Outcomes (ePRO) completed. During treatment, each subject will be contacted every other day for the first week and weekly thereafter (Group 2) or weekly (Group 1) by a study physician to assess early onset of any COVID-19 symptom or any adverse reaction to hydroxychloroquine and to check subject compliance. Furthermore, all subjects will receive periodic ePROs which may be completed through smartphone or tablets to record drug self-administration and onset of any symptom or adverse event. All subjects will be followed up for a total of 6 months by periodic telephonic interviews and ePROs. Main outcomes The primary endpoint/outcome measure for this trial is: for Group 1, the proportion of subjects who become symptomatic and/or swab-positive in each arm within one month of randomization; for Group 2, the proportion of subjects who become swab-negative in each arm within 14 days of randomization. Randomization All household members and/or contacts of each COVID-19 index case, and the COVID-19 patient himself/herself, fulfilling all inclusion criteria will be grouped into a single cluster and this cluster will be randomized (2:1) to either arm A or arm B. Information on each subject will be recorded in specific data records. Randomization lists will be stratified according to the following factors regarding COVID-19 index cases: 1. COVID-19 risk level on the basis of province of residence (high vs. low/intermediate); 2. Index case is a healthcare professional (yes vs.no) 3. Index case with COVID-19 treatment (yes vs. no) An independent statistician not otherwise involved in the trial will generate the allocation sequence, and COVID-19 response teams will be unaware of the allocation of clusters. Randomization will be performed through an interactive web-based electronic data-capturing database. An Independent Data Monitoring Committee has been established. Blinding (masking) This study is open label. Numbers to be randomized (sample size) For Group 1, a sample size of about 2000 SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects such as household members and/or contacts of COVID-19 patients will take part in the study. Assuming around 1.5-2.0 asymptomatic household members and/or contacts for each COVID-19 patient, we expect to identify approximately 1000-1300 COVID-19 index cases to be randomized. An interim analysis on efficacy is planned using standard alpha-spending function. For Group 2, sufficient power for primary objective (negative swab within 14 days of randomization) will be reached given a sample size of 300 asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic COVID-19 subjects in home situations not treated for COVID-19 (25%-30% of about 1000-1300 expected index cases). Since up to date reduced evidence about COVID-19 infection epidemiology, the continuous update of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the sample size estimation could be updated after a one third of population will be recruited and eventually modified according to a substantial protocol amendment. An interim analysis at 100 enrolled COVID-19 patients is planned. We have planned a Generalized Estimating Equation analysis, which is more efficient than a cluster level analysis, to take advantage of subject-specific covariates. The above reported sample size analysis is therefore to be considered conservative. Trial Status The current version of the PROTECT trial protocol is ‘Final version, 15 April 2020’. The study started on 9th May 2020. The first patient was enrolled on 14th May 2020. Recruitment is expected to last through September 2020. Trial registration The PROTECT trial is registered in the EudraCT database (no. 2020-001501-24) and in ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04363827 ), date of registration 24 April 2020. Full protocol The full PROTECT protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interests of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol (Protocol final version, 15th April 2020). The study protocol has been reported in accordance with Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).

Veronica Nanni, Veronica Nanni, Enrico Caprio et al.

The Internet and social media have profoundly changed the way the public receives and transmits news. The ability of the web to quickly disperse information both geographically and temporally allows social media to reach a much wider audience compared to traditional mass media. A powerful role is played by sharing, as millions of people routinely share news on social media platforms, influencing each other by transmitting their mood and feelings to others through emotional contagion. Thus, social media has become crucial in driving public perception and opinion. Humans have an instinctive fear of large carnivores, but such a negative attitude may be amplified by news media presentations and their diffusion on social media. Here, we investigated how reports of predator attacks on humans published in online newspapers spread on social media. By means of multi-model inference, we explored the contribution of four factors in driving the number of total shares (NTS) of news reports on social media: the graphic/sensationalistic content, the presence of images, the species, as well as the newspaper coverage. According to our results, the information delivered by social media is highly biased toward a graphic/sensationalistic view of predators. Thus, such negative coverage might lead to an unjustified and amplified fear in the public with consequent lower tolerance toward predators and decrease in the support for conservation plans. However, because social media represents a powerful communication tool, its role might be reversed to positive if used appropriately. Thus, constant engagement of scientists on social media would be needed to both disseminate more accurate information on large carnivores and stem the tide of misinformation before its widespread diffusion, a crucial step for effective predator conservation.

A. C. Pizzorusso

<p>Central Italy has some of the most complex geology in the world. In the midst of this inscrutable territory, two people emerged – St. Francis and Giotto – and they would ultimately change the history of ecology, religion and art by extolling the landscapes and geology of this region.</p> <p>From antiquity to the Middle Ages, humans had a conflicting relationship with nature, seeing it as representing either divine or satanic forces. On the vanguard of a change in perspective toward the natural world was St. Francis of Assisi (ca. 1181–1226) who is now, thanks to his pioneering work, a patron of ecology. He set forth the revolutionary philosophy that the Earth and all living creatures should be respected as creations of the Almighty.</p> <p>St. Francis' affinity for the environment influenced the artist Giotto (ca. 1270–1337), who revolutionized art history by including natural elements in his religious works. By taking sacred images away from heaven and placing them in an earthly landscape, he separated them definitively from their abstract, unapproachable representation in Byzantine art. Giotto's works are distinctive because they portray daily life as blessed, thus demonstrating that the difference between the sacred and profane is minimal.</p> <p>Disseminating the new ideas of St. Francis visually was very effective, as the general populace was illiterate. Seeing frescoes reflecting their everyday lives in landscapes that were familiar changed their way of thinking. The trees, plants, animals and rocky landscapes were suddenly perceived as gifts from the Creator to be used, enjoyed and respected. Furthermore, Giotto recognized that the variety of dramatic landscapes would provide spectacular visual interest in the works. By including the striking landforms of central Italy, and portraying them accurately, Giotto allows us the opportunity to identify the types of rock in his frescoes and possibly even the exact locations he depicted. In fact, it would be discoveries in the pink Scaglia Rossa limestone – depicted in Giotto's frescoes as pink buildings and used to construct the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi – which would revolutionize the history of geology.</p>

Nicola Morato

Résumé La tradition italienne du roman de chevalerie et le Don Quichotte ont été mis en relation principalement de deux manières. En premier lieu, la critique moderne a souvent rapproché le Quichotte du Roland furieux de l’Arioste en raison d’un dialogue à la fois textuel et structurel d’une grande complexité, s’étalant sur plusieurs niveaux de composition ; en outre, la réception et la canonisation des deux chefs-d’œuvre, successifs mais idéalement conjoints, ont été liées à la dissolution de l’idéal chevaleresque, à la fondation du roman moderne, et même à la naissance de l’idée moderne de l’Homme. En deuxième lieu, le Quichotte représente une sorte de « stade du miroir » du genre après Chrétien de Troyes, un lieu de convergence dans lequel prend forme une image identitaire des textes et des traditions. Ainsi, on affirme souvent que les récits arthuriens et l’épopée en français d’Italie, les cantari, ainsi que les poèmes de Pulci, de Boiardo, tous anticipent ou préfigurent tel ou tel aspect du roman de Cervantès ou de son protagoniste. Nous aborderons ces questions en suivant les chemins des textes et de la critique, et les aventures et mésaventures d’Angélique dans l’histoire littéraire entre Italie et Espagne. Abstract The Italian tradition of the chivalric romance and Don Quijote have been put in relation in two main ways. First, modern criticism has often drawn textual and structural parallels between Don Quijote and Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso, covering several levels of composition. Moreover, the reception and canonisation of both these classics, appearing at different points in time but whose ideas link them, have been connected to the disintegration of the chivalric ideal, the founding of the modern novel, and even the birth of the modern conception of man. Second, Don Quijote represents a sort of ‘mirror stage’ of the genre after Chrétien de Troyes, a place of convergence where an identity-forming image of texts and traditions is fashioned. Thus it is often claimed that Arthurian tales and the French epic in Italy, the cantari, the poems of Pulci and those of Boiardo, all anticipate or prefigure various aspects of Cervantes’ novel or of its protagonist. We will address these matters, following the paths of the texts and of criticism, and the adventures and ordeals of Angelica in literary history across Italy and Spain.

C. Aveta, M. Salvatori, G. P. Vitelli

The present paper aims to present a series of experiences and experimentations that a group of PhD from the University of Naples Federico II conducted over the past decade. This work has concerned the survey and the graphic restitution of monuments and works of art, finalized to their conservation. The targeted query of complex point cloud acquired by 3D scanners, integrated with photo sensors and thermal imaging, has allowed to explore new possibilities of investigation. <br><br> In particular, we will present the scientific results of the experiments carried out on some important historical artifacts with distinct morphological and typological characteristics. <br><br> According to aims and needs that emerged during the connotative process, with the support of archival and iconographic historical research, the laser scanner technology has been used in many different ways. New forms of representation, obtained directly from the point cloud, have been tested for the elaboration of thematic studies for documenting the pathologies and the decay of materials, for correlating visible aspects with invisible aspects of the artifact.

Hans Cools, Maria Bonaria Urban, Monica Jansen et al.

Hans Cools – Juryrapport OnderzoeksprijsMaria Bonaria Urban – Juryrapport scriptieprijsMonica Jansen – Segnalazione tesi di dottorato Sarah VantorreInge Lanslots – Il laboratorio del lupo: Stefano Benni e la ri-scrittura postmodernaVincenzo Lo Cascio - Ricordo di Tullio De Mauro (Torre Annunziata, 1932 - Roma, 2017), linguista polivalente e democratico

Raoul Manenti, Enrico Lunghi, Gentile Francesco Ficetola

<p>The fire salamander (<em>Salamandra salamandra</em>) is a relatively common epigean amphibian, widely distributed throughout Europe, which usually gives birth to aquatic larvae. Even if epigean streams represent the most common places in which the species breeds, in some countries caves with underground waters are also used. To improve our understanding of the habitat features allowing successful breeding of salamanders in underground sites, we combined an exhaustive review of the available literature, especially the grey one, with direct observations performed from 2008 to 2017 in several natural and artificial caves of Lombardy, Liguria and Tuscany (Italy), Ariège and Provence (France). We provide a synthesis of published and unpublished caves in which the fire salamander breeding has been observed, along with a synthesis of the investigated ecological, behavioural and morphological traits. The use of underground sites is reported in several published papers and appears to be a common phenomenon not limited to single karst areas. The absence of predators, the relative stability of the aquatic habitats and the possibility to exploit new ecological resources are environmental factors that favour the breeding of the fire salamander. Our synthesis suggests that breeding of fire salamanders in caves is not a random event, but a widespread phenomenon that may be linked to specific biogeographical factors. Further insights may be obtained by performing genetic analyses on both cave and epigean populations, and considering larger landscape scales for ecological studies as well. Gene flow between salamanders that breed in caves and in streams probably occurs, but on the other hand, assortative mating might limit it, thus allowing the conservation of local adaptations driving successful cave colonisation.</p>

Luca Cavallaro, Claudio Iuppa, Enrico Foti

The Venice lagoon is one of the most important areas in Italy because of its history and its particular structure and form. In order to defend Venice and other towns within the lagoon from severe floods, the Italian Government promotes a project that includes, among other measures, the construction of the Experimental Electromechanical Module (MoSE). The MoSE is a system of mobile gates installed at the lagoon inlets that are able to temporarily isolate the Venetian lagoon from the Adriatic Sea during severe storm surge events, thus ensuring acceptable safeguarding water levels. To prevent interference between the barriers and the normal port activities, locks have been constructed at each lagoon inlet. However, the use of such locks causes a slowdown in maritime traffic. In order to evaluate a means of reducing such interference during the flooding events characterized by high but not extreme water levels, the present paper demonstrates, by means of a numerical approach, that one of the three inlets can be left open so as to ensure the transit of the vessels. The present paper also points out the meteorological conditions for which the safeguarding water levels of the lagoon are not exceeded when closing only two inlets.

Alessandro Clericuzio

The essay traces the early history of Williams’ theatre in Italy, on the background of the cultural conditions of the country in the PostWar years. The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire were presented to Italian audiences for the first time by Luchino Visconti, in some memorable productions in Rome and Milan (1946, 1949, 1951). The director’s aura, together with the novelty of the plays, caused very different reactions in critics and reviewers. Many were outraged either by the subject matter or by the original style of the plays, and turned their attention to Visconti as the only real artist involved in these shows. The powerful connection of Visconti and Williams, though, also attracted the attention of the Bureau of Censorhsip, that had something to say on each and every project that involved the two artists.

Anneli Kõvamees

At the focus of the article is Aimée Beekman’s travelogue Plastmassist südamega madonna (A Madonna With a Plastic Heart, 1963). Using imagology (or image studies) as the theoretical basis, the article analyses the Soviet Estonian author’s image of Italy in order to see what characterises the Soviet travelogue. In the depiction of the other and construction of the capitalist West, Soviet society is also depicted. The Soviet travelogue deals with certain topics from a Soviet point of view using Soviet rhetoric and logic. The Soviet travelogue differs from the earlier travelogue tradition in the manner of Friedebert Tuglas which entwined the history- and art-books the author had read with personal impressions. The Tuglas-like travelogue is both educative and enjoyable to read. The Soviet travelogue tends to remain a onesided description of the places seen; it does not dug deeper into the twists of mind and developments of topics. The Soviet ideology strongly influenced the text written.

Giacomo Vinci

Questo articolo riassume i risultati delle ricerche condotte a S. Giovanni in Triario nella pianura a Nord-Est di Bologna, mettendo insieme numerosi dati di natura diversa provenienti dalla documentazione di vecchi scavi di emergenza, l'analisi aerofotografica e dalle recenti indagini condotte sul sito costituite da ricognizioni di superficie e carotaggi manuali. Grazie alle nuove indagini condotte sul deposito stratigrafico e allo studio di un consistente campione di manufatti rendono ora possibile delineare gli elementi cronologici.

Maria Grazia Cossu

Examples of Cultural Anti-Semitism in Umberto Eco’s Novel Il cimitero di PragaThe article draws upon Umberto Eco’s recent novel, Il cimitero di Praga, in the consideration of the relationship between narrative fiction and the collective imagination in regards to the genesis and dispersion of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in the second half of the nineteenth century. A dangerous and mysterious text, The Protocols evoked general clamor and persecutory backlash, as it appeared to document the existence of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy.In the work, the author also reconstructs sources of the fictional text and traces the historical, political and editorial events surrounding it, plunging into them with a gritty and irreverent realism in a chronicle of the obsession that flowed into the madness of the Shoah.Treating the subject, which is found elsewhere in the scholar’s oeuvre, requires mention of the repertoire of prejudicial accusations against the Jews throughout history, which creates, toward the end of the book, a heated and contentious debate regarding whether such delicate and reckless statements should even be made public at all. This article questions the authorial strategy in Il cimitero di Praga, and considers the novel’s literary agenda, which can be almost interpreted as a call for vigilance against manifestations of anti-Semitism still present in today’s cultural imagination.

Maurizio Cattani

Il contributo prende in esame le impugnature con appendice ad ascia, considerate tra gli indicatori archeologici più significativi del processo di espansione demografica e culturale avvenuta agli inizi della media età del Bronzo in Italia settentrionale. La tipologia e l’analisi di distribuzione delle presenze permettono di rivalutare i meccanismi della produzione ceramica e dei processi di interazione culturale.