Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

Ashiru Sani, Tracy Leh Xin Wong, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan et al.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of previous research based on scientific papers, technical reports, and published academic theses. The review focuses on studies and investigations concerning the application of rubber-based biopolymers as modifiers in asphalt binders and mixtures, alongside relevant existing literature, encompassing their influence on asphalt binders and mixtures as well as their binder-aggregate interface performance. Incorporating rubber-based biopolymers into base asphalt significantly enhances the viscosity, complex modulus, rutting parameters, and recovery percentage while reducing non-recoverable compliance and phase angle. These alterations indicate that rubber-based biopolymer-modified asphalt displays superior resistance to permanent deformation, surpassing base asphalt's linear and non-linear rheological properties. Besides, rubber-based biopolymers alter the functional groups within the base asphalt due to the interaction in the asphalt matrix, especially after the aging process. These biopolymers are uniformly dispersed throughout the asphalt matrix, facilitated by the interconnected elastic networks among the biopolymer molecules. This improves the rheological and mechanical properties of both asphalt binders and mixtures. It is recommended that further studies investigate the combined effects of rubber-based biopolymers with other materials commonly used in asphalt modifications, such as nanomaterials and biomaterials, on the non-linear rheological and microstructural properties of asphalt binders, as well as the performance of asphalt mixtures. Advanced simulation and modeling techniques, such as molecular dynamic simulation and machine learning should be employed to understand the behavior of rubber-based biopolymer-modified asphalt binders and mixtures in various aging and loading situations.

Yunfei Guo, Piergiorgio Tataranni, Giulia Tarsi et al.

The disposal of discarded E-cigarette butts (E-CBs) presents significant environmental challenges due to their detrimental impacts on ecosystems. To find an environmentally sustainable method for managing this waste, the potential for recycling E-CBs in asphalt pavements was investigated in this study. By focusing on the two primary components of E-CBs, namely cellulose fibre and polylactic acid (PLA), this research introduced a novel approach for recycling E-CBs in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) as a fibre additive in engineered pellet form. The prepared fibre pellets were directly added to aggregates to produce the SMA mixture. The resulting mixtures underwent a comprehensive evaluation through a series of standardized laboratory tests, including assessments of volumetric properties, indirect tensile strength (ITS), stiffness modulus, moisture susceptibility, and rutting resistance. The results were compared with SMA mixtures containing conventional cellulose fibres. Additionally, to examine the potential influence of PLA, a third mixture was prepared, incorporating both cellulose fibre and PLA. The findings indicate that the SMA using pelletized fibre can satisfy the technical specifications regarding the tests performed in this study, showing higher ITS and rutting resistance compared to the reference mixture. Moreover, the incorporation of PLA plastic reduced air void content and improved tensile strength, stiffness, and rutting resistance. This study highlights the potential for recycling E-CBs in asphalt mixtures, offering technical support for further development of sustainable recycling methods for this waste.

Dani Nugroho Saputro, Nor Intang Setyo Hermanto, Nor Intang Setyo Hermanto et al.

Danau  perlu dikelola dengan baik serta dipertahankan kegunaannya karena berperan sangat penting pada pemenuhan kebutuhan air. Pemantauan, pemeliharaan serta penilaian untuk menjaga keberlangsungan eksistensi air pada danau dengan pemantauan dan pengukuran terpola. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengukuran terpola untuk mendapatkan  luas kapasitas danau, model elevasi digital, kontur topografi dasar danau secara 3D. Proses pengambilan data menggunakan dua metode, Pengambilan data di darat menggunakan metode Tachymetri dan pengukuran di air dengan metode Bathymetri dilengkapi peralatan Single Beam Echosounder, yang terdiri dari peralatan GPS, Transducer dan Receiver yang telah dipasang pada perahu untuk merekam koordinat dan keaadaan topografi bawah danau secara akurat dan real-time. Proses pengolahan data menggunakan Analisis Interpolasi metode Kriging dikomparasi dengan metode Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) dan Natural Neightbour. Pengolahan data kapasitas danau menggunakan Trapezoidal rule divalidasi dengan Simpson's rule dan Simpson's 3/8 rule. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Analisis Interpolasi dengan menggunakan metode interpolasi Kriging menghasilkan taksiran yang mendekati nilai sampel data yang diinterpolasi, sehingga menghasilkan interpolasi yang lebih halus dan tajam dibanding dengan metode Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) dan Natural Neightbour. Analisis perhitungan volume didapatkan metode luas area danau sebesar 26.089,85 m2 dengan kapasitas tampungan danau sebesar 55.485,48 m3 dengan keesalahan relatif (relative error) sebesar 0.032%, Analisis perhitungan volume diukur pada elevasi 79,167 mdpl  dengan maksimum kedalaman danau yaitu pada elevasi 74,2 mdpl.

Shahram Misaghi, Cesar Tirado, Soheil Nazarian et al.

Marek Stolarski, Joanna Żyłkowska

Abstract: Railway lines have an impact on the surrounding environment, both during the construction or modernization phase and during operation. Animal mortality due to collisions is an increasingly well-known impact, but usually the barrier effect that occurs as a result of line fencing is a much more serious threat. Collisions also have other aspects: train delays and damage, and a threat to traffic safety. Most often they occur in the morning and afternoon hours, and in the annual cycle during the mating season of a given species and after the separation of young animals from their mothers. Since the train does not resemble a predator, wild animals do not instinctively fear it and learn to ignore the movement of the trains. Keywords: Railway lines; Environmental impact; Wildlife

Anton Zheltobriukh, Ivan Kopynets

Introduction. It is established that draining asphalt concrete is asphalt concrete of frame type with a very large number of voids between grains of crushed stone. Unlike crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete in draining asphalt concrete pores are not filled with bituminous sand mortar. The main feature is its porosity, which leads to a slight decrease in its compressive strength at a temperature of 50 ° C, while the shear strength of the coating is very high. It is achieved due to the strength of the crushed stone frame (high internal friction and jamming of gravel grains) and the strength of the binder that binds the grains. Problem statement. The long-term impact on the asphalt road surface of the aquatic environment is a determinant of its durability. The issue of timely removal of surface water from the pavement is a must and is solved by giving the road surface a cross slope. As practice shows, this does not sufficiently protect the road surface from the adverse effects of water. High operational safety, improved road performance is achieved by removing accumulations of water stains from the surface that reduce the adhesion of the wheels to the road surface. These qualities can be improved by the introduction of draining asphalt concrete. Unfortunately, today in Ukraine there are no normative documents that would regulate the design, manufacture and execution of works on this technology, which makes it impossible to use it in practice and limits the optimization and development of the Ukrainian road sector in this direction. Purpose. Perform an analysis of existing experience in the design of draining asphalt concrete. Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the possibility of obtaining draining asphalt concrete with a structure of interconnected open pores, which allows you to quickly drain surface water. Materials and methods. Experimental research of draining asphalt concrete. Results. An analytical review of the experience of designing draining asphalt concrete. The stages of selection of the composition of the mixture were studied and analyzed, experimental studies on the selection of the grain composition and bitumen content in the draining asphalt concrete were carried out. Conclusions. Analysis of experimental studies on the peculiarities of the selection of the composition of draining asphalt concrete found that for the production of draining asphalt concrete using crushed stone of narrow fractions, because it has a special particle size distribution, in contrast to typical dense and crushed-mastic asphalt concrete to crushed stone materials. The granulometric composition of the mineral part of asphalt concrete mixtures for draining asphalt concrete was selected and the optimal bitumen content for mixtures with different maximum grain sizes was established.

A. M. Kulizhnikov, R. Eremin

Summary The results of comparative tests of various designs of georadars on an experimental section of a road are presented. Based on the results of comparative tests, an analysis of methods for determining the thickness of pavement layers, identifying signs and locating weakened zones is presented. The effective methods of work performance and the required designs of ground penetrating radar equipment have been determined.

Sabril Haris

Paper ini menyajikan hasil studi analitik tentang besaran karakteristik penampang baja profil-I berupa modulus elastis (Sx) dan modulus plastis penampang (Zx). Faktor bentuk penampang, yang merupakan perbandingan nilai Zx terhadap Sx, merupakan besaran utama yang digunakan untuk menghitung kapasitas momen plastis penampang baja. Khusus untuk baja profil-I yang dibuat dengan metoda canai panas, pada bidang pertemuan antara bagian sayap dan bagian badan terdapat bagian penampang seperempat lingkaran cekung yang memberikan kontribusi untuk nilai total besaran karakteristik penampang. Dalam penelitian ini, besaran karakteristik penampang dihitung dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan besaran karakteristik penampang dasar persegi panjang dan lingkaran. Analisa hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa bagian penampang seperempat lingkaran cekung tersebut memberikan kontribusi yang konsisten terhadap nilai luas, modulus elastis dan plastis penampang, yakni dalam rentang sebesar 1.0 – 4,7%. Dari hasil penelitian ini juga diperoleh bahwa faktor bentuk penampang untuk profil-I yang umum digunakan berada dalam rentang nilai 1,102 – 1,147. Perhitungan nilai faktor bentuk penampang dengan dan tanpa mengikutsertakan bagian penampang seperempat lingkaran cekung memberikan hasil yang hampir sama dengan selisih rata-rata sebesar 0,001. Modulus plastis penampang dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan formula sederhana yang diusulkan pada artikel ini dengan tingkat akurasi yang sangat baik dengan deviasi sebesar 1.2 %. Untuk semua jenis ukuran penampang profil-I, formula ini bisa digunakan untuk menghitung modulus plastis penampang secara lebih sederhana. This paper presents the results of an analytical study of the characteristics of the I-profile steel cross-section in the form of elastic modulus (Sx) and plastic section modulus (Zx). The shape factor of the section, which is defined as the ratio of the value of Zx to Sx, is the principal quantity used to calculate the plastic cross-section moment capacity. Specifically for I-profile steels made by the hot-rolled process, in the area of ​​the junction between the flange and the web, there is a concave cross-section that contributes to the total value of the section characteristic. In this study, the magnitude of the cross-sectional characteristics is calculated and analyzed using the magnitude of the basic cross-section characteristics of rectangles and circles. Analysis of the calculation results shows that the cross-section of the concave quarter circle provides a consistent contribution to the area, elastic and plastic section modulus, which is in the range of 1.0 - 4.7%. From the results of this study, it was also found that the shape factor for the I-profile commonly used is in the range of values ​​1.102 - 1.147. Calculation of the cross-section form factor values ​​with and without including the concave quarter circle gives results that are almost the same as the average difference of 0.001. The plastic modulus of the cross-section can be calculated using the simple formula proposed in this article with a very good degree of accuracy with a deviation of 1.2%. For all types of I-profile cross-section sizes, this formula can be used to calculate the plastic section modulus easily.

Nuryasin Abdilah, Aidil Abrar

Kinerja campuran agregat aspal pada kontruksi perkerasan jalan dicoba untuk ditingkatkan dengan cara memodifikasi campuran aspal dengan campuran serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit sehingga didapat perubahan sifat campuran aspal, dan pada penelitian ini bisa mengurangi kepekaan aspal terhadap temperatur dan daya penyerapannya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil kekuatan tekan dengan penambahan serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit terhadap agregat sebesar 5%, 10%, 15%, dan pengaruh perbandingan  penambahan serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit terhadap AC-WC yang memakai campuran (5%, 10% dan 15%) danyang normal. Hasil penelitian kekuatan tekan dengan penambahan serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit terhadap setiap kadarnya hanya satu yang memenuhi spesifikasi. Untuk kadar 5% nilai stability nya 995 kg, untuk kadar 10% nilainya 660 kg dan pada kadar 15% nilainya 545 kg. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa setiap penambahan serat maka kekuatannya semakin menurun dan tidak bisa memenuhi spesifikasi. Perbandingan penggunaan limbah serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bahan tambah agregat dalam campuran aspal AC-WC, ternyata dari kadar 5% 10% dan 15% tidak dapat mencapai kekuatan, sedangkan untuk aspal normal hasilnya memenuhi spesifikasi dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian aspal normal nilai stability nya 1430 kg, nilai flow 3,73 mm, nilai VIM 4,07%, nilai VMA 16,72%, dan nilai VFA 75,70%

Widya Apriani, Virgo Trisep haris

Kecamatan Mempura merupakan salah satu daerah potensi irigasi yang terletak di Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau. Potensi luas area sekitar 34,6 Ha direncakanan untuk daerah pertanian sawah padi. Evaluasi Kesembangan air perlu diketahui untuk melihat potensi daerah tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis ketersediaan air irigasi, analisis kebutuhan air irigasi, analisis keseimbangan air, dan pengoptimalan Mempura.  Hasil Evaluasi keseimbangan air menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan mencukupi kebutuhan kebutuhan air berdasarkan pola tanam eksisting. Kondisi dimana terjadi surplus air pada bulan Januari, April, September hingga Desember. Sedangkan terjadi defisit pada beberapa bulan yaitu Maret, Mei Juni dan Juli. Neraca keseimbangan air menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan air dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman padi masih mencukup untuk dimanfaatkan seluruh lahan potensial dengan merencanakan penanaman komoditas padi pada setiap musim tanam menggunakan sistem pemberian air secara serempak. Untuk dapat mengairi sawah, sistem irigasi yang direncanakan adalah sistem pompa.

Alolote Amadi I

This study explores the geologic peculiarities of the Niger Delta region, which creates a propensity for the significantly high cost of highway development. The heterogeneous geologic configuration of the area, in terms of its landscape, geomorphology and hydrology are descriptively and techno-economically analysed, based on available local literature, supplemented by geotechnical field work data. The study discusses and analyses the construction cost implications of the inherent geo-variability of the terrain, and the financial implications as it relates to the practicalities of carrying out road construction in the Niger Delta. The analysis outlines the cost considerations associated with highway pavement and drainage construction in view of the hydro-geomorphological setting of the Niger Delta. The analysis reiterates the predominance of fined grained subgrade soils, which will require remedial re-engineering measures and significant construction costs. Furthermore, the study highlights the increased costs of drainage construction in view of the significant volume of precipitation surplus and relief of the region. The study submits that recognising the challenges and cost associated with the adverse geo-configuration of most parts of the Niger Delta, is a necessary starting point to maximise value for money in highway projects.

K. SrinivasuluNaidu, D. P. Prakash

Yang Zhang, Pavana Vennapusa, David Joshua White

There are plenty of in situ tests available to examine pavement foundation performance regarding stiffness and support conditions. This study evaluates several in situ tests of the stiffness and support conditions of concrete pavement foundation layers. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the outputs from Dynamic Cone Penetrometer tests and Falling Weight Deflectometer tests. The California Bearing Ratio from Dynamic Cone Penetrometer tests and the deflection data from Falling Weight Deflectometer tests were correlated to the design parameter – modulus of subgrade reaction k through correlations employed in pavement design manuals. Three methods for obtaining the k values were conducted, with the intent to evaluate which method provides the results most similar to the target value and whether the studied correlations are reliable. The back-calculated k values from Falling Weight Deflectometer deflections and the weak layer California Bearing Ratio correlated k values based on the Portland Cement Association method were close to the target value, while the California Bearing Ratio empirically correlated k based on the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials method presented values significantly higher than the target value. Those previously reported correlations were likely to overestimate the k values based on subgrade California Bearing Ratio values.

S. O. Olaosebikan

: In Civil engineering domain, a way determining a highway lifespan is to take a complete spectrum of axle loads and calculate the appropriate equivalence and depreciative factors. Also, vehicle weights are measured by stopping them to measure their axle loads or using the wheel weighing pad as the case may apply. This paper however dived into the use of existing experience data of road pavement lifespans before damages or failure before maintenance or repair. It uses Artificial Neural forecasting model in a supervised learning in Matlab environment with an application developed. The results are evaluated based on mean squared error, fitting and validation performance.

Ankur, Shivam Singh Patel

Donatas Čygas, Dovydas Skrodenis, Aivaras Paškauskas et al.

Due to the increased traffic flow, more and more roadwork zones are formed in highways. Accidents are a significant problem in all European countries in roadwork zones while noncompliance with speed limits is one of the major safety concerns. Therefore roadwork zones are critical places from the point of traffic safety view where the possibility to get into an accident is increased. Roadwork zones introduce deviations from regular travel situations, and appropriate speed is needed to assure that the driver navigates safely through the roadwork zone. This research focuses on speed measurement in road work zones and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of safety measures on speed limit compliance.

Liu Feng, Liu Zhibin, Zhang Shujian et al.

Lunlin Fei, Qi Zhang, Yongqing Xie

For the system to understand the road construction energy consumption process, this paper selects a typical mountainous highway in the south, using the theory and method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to quantitatively study the energy consumption of the whole process of highway raw materials production, construction and operation. The results show that the energy consumption in the raw material production stage is the highest, followed by the highway operation and construction stage. The energy consumption per unit of tunnel engineering, bridge engineering, roadbed engineering and pavement engineering in the construction phase are 2279.00 tce, 1718.07 tce, 542.19 tce and 34.02 tce, and in operational phase, 85.44% of electricity consumption comes from tunnel ventilation and lighting. Therefore, in the bridge and tunnel construction process, we should promote energy-saving innovation of the construction technology and mechanical equipment, and further strengthen the research and development of tunnel ventilation, lighting energy-saving equipment and intelligent control technology, which will help significantly reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the life cycle of highway.

Heng Yu, Yimin Wang, Chao Zou et al.

Ying Zhao, Mingxu Lu

In order to answer dangling fracture problems of highway, the suspended pavement equivalent for non - suspended pavement, through the special boundary conditions has been suspended highway stress field of expression, in accordance with the 3D fracture model of crack formation, and establish a vacant, a general mathematics model for fracture problems of highway and analysis in highway suspended segment weight and vehicle load limit of highway capacity of Pu For overturning road inPu is less than the force of carrying more than compared to the work and fruit Bridge Hydropower Station Road engineering examples to verify suspended highway should force field expressions for the correctness and applicability. The results show that: when the hanging ratio R 0. 243177 limits of Pu design axle load 100kN. When the vertical crack in the vacant in the direction of length greater than 0. 1, the ultimate bearing capacity is less than the design axle load 100kN; when the hanging ratio R is less than 0. 5, the road to local fracture, the ultimate bearing capacity of suspended stress field expressions in solution; when the hanging ratio is greater than or equal to 0. 5, the road does not reach the limit bearing capacity of the whole body; torque shear surface of the effect is far less than the bending moments on shear planes.