Background This study describes the spatial and temporal distribution between 2005 and 2020 of human and animal leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in European countries reporting autochthonous cases, and highlights potential activities to improve disease control. Methodology/Principal findings It was based on a review of the scientific literature and data reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Ministries of Health, including hospital discharges in some countries. Autochthonous infections were reported in the scientific literature from 22 countries, including 13 and 21 countries reporting human and animal infections, respectively. In contrast, only 17 countries reported autochthonous human leishmaniasis cases to the WHO and 8 countries animal infections to the WOAH. The number of WOAH reported cases were 4,203, comprising 4,183 canine cases and 20 cases in wildlife. Of 8,367 WHO reported human cases, 69% were visceral leishmaniasis cases—of which 94% were autochthonous—and 31% cutaneous leishmaniasis cases—of which 53% were imported and mostly in France. The resulting cumulative incidence per 100,000 population of visceral leishmaniasis between 2005–2020, was highest in Albania (2.15 cases), followed by Montenegro, Malta, Greece, Spain and North Macedonia (0.53–0.42), Italy (0.16), Portugal (0.09) and lower in other endemic countries (0.07–0.002). However, according to hospital discharges, the estimated human leishmaniasis incidence was 0.70 in Italy and visceral leishmaniasis incidences were 0.67 in Spain and 0.41 in Portugal. Conclusions/Significance Overall, there was no evidence of widespread increased incidence of autochthonous human leishmaniasis by L. infantum in European countries. Visceral leishmaniasis incidence followed a decreasing trend in Albania, Italy and Portugal, and peaked in Greece in 2013, 2014 and 2017, and in Spain in 2006–2007 and 2011–2013. Animal and human cutaneous leishmaniasis remain highly underreported. In humans, hospital discharge databases provide the most accurate information on visceral leishmaniasis and may be a valuable indirect source of information to identify hotspots of animal leishmaniasis. Integrated leishmaniasis surveillance and reporting following the One Health approach, needs to be enhanced in order to improve disease control.
El presente artículo analiza la postura autorial de la escritora uruguaya Cristina Peri Rossi a partir del motivo del exilio y de la insumisión frente a distintas representaciones del poder patriarcal. Para ello, se parte de los conceptos de escritura extranjera (Martínez Gutiérrez, 2024) y escritura dislocada (Torras, 2024) a fin de caracterizar una obra y una figura en la cual el tránsito y la no pertenencia están presentes a nivel temático, en relación con la construcción autorial, en múltiples motivos e imágenes que pueblan la narrativa de la autora y en la concepción de la escritura que de ello se deriva. Todo esto apunta a una imagen paratópica de Peri Rossi, que se coteja con distintos fragmentos narrativos, entrevistas y poemas que tienen en común el hecho de reflejar (y con ello, reflexionar sobre) las condiciones de enunciación y de creación de una mujer artista y, más concretamente, de una escritora migrante y lesbiana a caballo entre los siglos XX y XXI.
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Conversación con el poeta, oralitor y escritor yanakuna Fredy Chikangana/Wiñay Mallki. Esta entrevista se llevó a cabo entre el 14 y 16 de agosto de 2024, en el marco del VI Congreso de la Red de Formadores en Educación e Interculturalidad en América Latina (RedFEIAL), en Popayán, Cauca. El oralitor yanakuna, Fredy Chikangana, estuvo invitado junto a la Almanegra, Mary Grueso Romero y la poeta misak-nasa, Nery Helena Beca Masaguallí para el recital poético de la inauguración del Congreso.
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Mohamed Rami Laamraoui, B. Mghili, Mar Roca
et al.
This review seeks to establish a baseline on the current knowledge and gaps in the scientific literature on the invasive macroalgae Rugulopteryx okamurae. Through a systematic literature analysis we summarize the insights regarding distribution and potential impacts as non-indigenous species associated with its expansion from the Strait of Gibraltar since first detected by 2015. After 10 years, this invasive alien macroalgae has broadly expanded across the Mediterranean Sea (France, Spain, Morocco and Italy) and the Atlantic coasts (Morocco, Spain, Portugal, Madeira, Azores and Canary Islands). The developed research mainly shows early new detections of R. okamurae, the negative effects including both economic and ecological impacts on native biota, monitoring efforts, as well as potential applications of the biomass generated. Most of the research is mainly focused on the Strait of Gibraltar adjacent waters, making other vulnerable regions impacted unknown. These findings demonstrate R. okamurae highly invasive behavior, the need of more research regarding its spatial monitoring, impacts and potential uses, as well the complexity of cross-border coastal management. The potential invasion of broader areas in both Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts from the European and African continent requires international efforts to monitor and mitigate its ecological and economic impact, developing both scientific applications stretching efforts with specialized private companies and adapting public policies. The gaps identified in the current knowledge of R. okamurae as an invasive alien species reveal as a priority the development and implementation of an international monitoring program, integrating public participation to identify early-warnings, that could be used to quantify impacts transferable to public policies and cross-border coastal management between both continents, filling the identified management gaps opening management opportunities in the industrial sector.
We present an analysis of observations of a 0.6\,deg$^2$ field in the central region of the Fornax galaxy cluster that were acquired during the performance verification phase. With these data, we investigated the potential of to identify globular clusters (GCs) at 20\,Mpc and validated the search methods using artificial GCs and known GCs within the field from the literature. Our analysis of artificial GCs injected into the data shows that data in the IE band is 80 complete at about $I_ E 26.0$\,mag V -5.0$\,mag), and it resolves GCs as small as h = 2.5$\,pc. In the IE band, we detected more than 95 of the known GCs from previous spectroscopic surveys and GC candidates of the ACS Fornax Cluster Survey, of which more than 80 are resolved. We identify more than 5000 new GC candidates within the field of view down to $I_ E = 25.0$\,mag, about 1.5\,mag fainter than the typical GC luminosity function turn-over magnitude, and we investigated their spatial distribution within the intracluster field. We then focused on the GC candidates around dwarf galaxies and investigated their numbers, stacked luminosity distribution, and stacked radial distribution. While the overall GC properties are consistent with those in the literature, we found an interesting over-representation of relatively bright candidates within a small number of relatively GC-rich dwarf galaxies. Our work confirms the capabilities of data in detecting GCs and separating them from foreground and background contaminants at a distance of 20\,Mpc, particularly for low GC-count systems such as dwarf galaxies.
ABSTRACT In 2018, Italy decided to join the British-led Team Tempest to develop a sixth generation fighter aircraft. This decision came at the expense of a rival project, the Future Combat Air System (FCAS), led by France and Germany. The Italian decision to join Tempest raises a theoretical question overlooked by the existing literature: when states have different cooperative procurement options, what makes them choose one rather than another? The aim of the article is to provide an analytically informed account of the process that led Italy to join Tempest. In doing so, we adopt a neo-institutionalist perspective, as it allows us to identify the actors and motivations that made this outcome possible. We argue that due to the peculiar Italian bureaucratic-institutional setting, no domestic actor was solely responsible for the final decision. The final decision to join Tempest was the result of a coalition between the Armed Forces and defence firms.
El estrés laboral es un problema reconocido a nivel mundial. Las cifras de este problema van en aumento en los países latinos, y su tendencia a la cronicidad es muy importante en el contexto de la salud y el bienestar. Esta situación ha hecho que las implicaciones en el núcleo familiar sean estudiadas y medidas desde las dimensiones de las dinámicas y relaciones interpersonales, considerando la relación que existe entre las condiciones laborales y el bienestar de la familia. Se agregan también aspectos como la convivencia, la crianza y la comunicación. Por ello, se realizó una investigación no experimental, descriptiva, transversal, de enfoque mixto, basada en el paradigma sociocrítico. La población estuvo conformada por 60 personas correspondientes a las familias seleccionadas del Sector La Pepsi del cantón Santo Domingo. Se trabajó utilizando los métodos teóricos y empíricos. Como instrumentos de recolección se utilizaron la escala de estrés percibido en el trabajo, con la cual se pudo identificar los niveles de estrés de las personas encuestadas en el ámbito laboral, calificándolos en bajo, medio y alto. Además, se aplicó una encuesta con 10 preguntas de opción múltiple. Se encontró que en las personas encuestadas existe un nivel de estrés laboral de medio a alto. La mayoría de ellas reconoce que el trabajo y los niveles de estrés influyen en las dinámicas familiares, y que esto genera la necesidad de solicitar ayuda profesional, sobre todo porque esta no es una práctica que se realice con la frecuencia adecuada en las familias.
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G. Costantini, Emilia Parada-Cabaleiro, D. Casali
et al.
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms within a human–computer framework are the leading force in speech emotion recognition (SER). However, few studies explore cross-corpora aspects of SER; this work aims to explore the feasibility and characteristics of a cross-linguistic, cross-gender SER. Three ML classifiers (SVM, Naïve Bayes and MLP) are applied to acoustic features, obtained through a procedure based on Kononenko’s discretization and correlation-based feature selection. The system encompasses five emotions (disgust, fear, happiness, anger and sadness), using the Emofilm database, comprised of short clips of English movies and the respective Italian and Spanish dubbed versions, for a total of 1115 annotated utterances. The results see MLP as the most effective classifier, with accuracies higher than 90% for single-language approaches, while the cross-language classifier still yields accuracies higher than 80%. The results show cross-gender tasks to be more difficult than those involving two languages, suggesting greater differences between emotions expressed by male versus female subjects than between different languages. Four feature domains, namely, RASTA, F0, MFCC and spectral energy, are algorithmically assessed as the most effective, refining existing literature and approaches based on standard sets. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies encompassing cross-gender and cross-linguistic assessments on SER.
The lines in the epigraph come from the collection of poems Múza oblieha Tróju (The muse besieges Troy, 1967) by the Slovak author and translator from French, Italian and Spanish Štefan Žáry (1918–2007).*It was published during the period of political thaw, a year before the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the forces of the Warsaw Pact. The 1960s saw various and variously conflicting endeavors – a revival of avant-garde and experimental poetics among others – both in Slovak literature and in translations into Slovak. Some of the poetry published during this period is still highly regarded for both its aesthetic and ethical qualities, while some of it serves more as a period document. The writing of Štefan Žáry, who in this book returned to the poetics he and a group of a few other poets modelled on surrealism in the 1930s and 1940s (nadrealizmus, lit. “over-realism”), belongs to the latter group.2 Perhaps more interestingly, in these lyric memoirs of Bratislava during World War II, Žáry describes the intimate bond between the nadrealisti being referred to (presumably derogatorily) as “homosexual” by their “others” (presumably the bourgeoisie). In the complex temporal and spatial layering of the collection, the aging poet’s memories of the 1940s are projected over the socialist 1960s, and the emotional sketch of Bratislava, its nightlife, and its bohemia is layered over the much more sober city almost 30 years later. This makes an interpretation of the male bonding, one of the
INTRODUCTION The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the Spanish Urological Club for Oncological Treatment (CUETO) scoring systems show limited accuracy for the prediction of disease recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This aspect is even more relevant in the category of HR NMIBC. Biomarkers might potentially help to further categorize the outcomes of these patients. Therefore, we sought to review the evidence available on tissue-based, urinary, and serum biomarkers for the prediction of recurrence, progression, and survival in HR NMIBC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic literature review without time restrictions was performed using PubMed/EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Libraries. The search was filtered for articles in the English, Italian, German, French, and Spanish languages, involving patients with more than 18 years of age. Relevant papers on tissue-based, serum and urinary biomarkers related to the prediction of oncological outcomes for high-risk bladder cancer patients were included in the analyses. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Overall, 71 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of the investigations performed so far focused on immunohistochemical analyses on tumoral tissue. Overall, p53 was the most studied biomarker, but results regarding its prognostic and predictive role were contradictory. Ki67 seems to be a promising biomarker in the prediction of recurrence. Recently, PD-L1 has been associated with the prediction of recurrence free survival and of treatment-refractory disease. Markers developed un urine samples are focused on commercially available kits, which currently do not unequivocally show strongly superior levels of accuracy to cytology. However, they have demonstrated to be potentially helpful in the prediction of recurrence. Blood-based biomarkers represent an emerging reality with promising future applications. CONCLUSIONS Despite a long history of attempts to discover accurate biomarkers predicting oncological outcomes for HR NMIBC, contradictory or uncertain findings render the adoption of this ancillary techniques in clinical practice still unlikely. Future attempts should be directed to the development of prospective trials and the definition of standardized cut-off levels to render findings worthy of comparison.
This article is framed in the field of study of school texts from the approach of critical
analysis of discourse ACD (Atienza 2007, 2011; Achugar 2011; Oteíza 2009; Pinto 2011; Soler
2008; among others.), with a qualitative - interpretative methodology. In this sense, the school
texts of the period of government of Alan García Pérez (2008 - 2012) and Ollanta Humala Tasso
(2012 - 2016) are analyzed with the aim of knowing what type of subjectivities the texts build
around culture as an economic resource for the students involved. On the one hand, in the school
texts of 2008 - 2012, it is shown that students are positioned as sellers of their culture to tourists
and as consumers of culture, specifically, as customers. On the other hand, in the school texts of
2012 - 2016, students are positioned as subjects committed to the commodification of cultural
diversity within the framework of a discourse on sustainable development.
In both cases, subjects are constructed who must respond to the “needs” of the hegemonic culture,
energize the global economy as sellers and customers of their culture. In this effort to construct a
type of subject that responds to the demands of the global market and a neoliberal capitalist project,
the discussion of social injustices, discrimination, conflicts and power struggles is made invisible
and minimized, and the objective of forming critical and reflective students is left aside.
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