Hasil untuk "Folklore"

M. Herzfeld

When this work – one that contributes to both the history and anthropology fields – first appeared in 1982, it was hailed as a landmark study of the role of folklore in nation-building. It has since been highly influential in reshaping the analysis of Greek and European cultural dynamics. In this expanded edition, a new introduction by the author and an epilogue by Sharon Macdonald document its importance for the emergence of serious anthropological interest in European culture and society and for current debates about Greece’s often contested place in the complex politics of the European Union.

Michael Drmota, Lukas Spiegelhofer

We consider the sum-of-digits functions $s_2$ and $s_3$ in bases $2$ and $3$. These functions just return the minimal numbers of powers of two (resp. three) needed in order to represent a nonnegative integer as their sum. A result of the second author states that there are infinitely many \emph{collisions} of $s_2$ and $s_3$, that is, positive integers $n$ such that \[s_2(n)=s_3(n).\] This resolved a long-standing folklore conjecture. In the present paper, we prove a strong generalization of this statement, stating that $(s_2(n),s_3(n))$ attains almost all values in $\mathbb N^2$, in the sense of asymptotic density. In particular, this yields \emph{generalized collisions}: for any pair $(a,b)$ of positive integers, the equation \[as_2(n)=bs_3(n)\] admits infinitely many solutions in $n$.

Dashen Yan

We develop a gluing theorem for non-degenerate $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-harmonic $1$-forms on compact manifolds, in which non-degenerate $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-harmonic $1$-forms on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ are glued to the regular zeros of a non-degenerate $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-harmonic $1$-form. As an immediate consequence, viewing an ordinary harmonic $1$-form as a $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-harmonic $1$-form without branching set, we prove that for every compact oriented manifold $M^{n}, n\geq 3$, if the first Betti number $b^{1}(M)>0$, then $M$ admits a family of non-degenerate $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-harmonic $1$-forms, which resolves a folklore conjecture. We will also discuss several possible applications to special holonomy, in particular, to the field of $G_{2}$-geometry.

Nicholas Hunter-Jones, Marius Lemm

We study translation-invariant quantum spin Hamiltonians on general graphs with non-commuting interactions either given by (i) a random rank-$1$ projection or (ii) Haar projectors. For (i), we prove that the Hamiltonian is gapped on any bounded-degree graph with high probability at large local dimension. For (ii), we obtain a gap for sufficiently large local dimension. Our results provide examples where the folklore belief that typical translation-invariant Hamiltonians are gapped can be proved, which extends a result by Bravyi and Gosset from 1D qubit chains with rank-$1$ interactions to general bounded-degree graphs. We derive the gaps by analytically verifying generalized Knabe-type finite-size criteria that apply to any bounded-degree graph.

Simon Baker, Amlan Banaji, De-Jun Feng et al.

In this paper, we construct an iterated function system on the line consisting of two bi-Lipschitz contractions whose attractor has distinct lower, Hausdorff, lower box, upper box, and Assouad dimensions, thereby providing negative answers to certain folklore questions. Furthermore, as a by-product of our study of bi-Lipschitz IFSs, we construct IFSs within this family that exhibit interesting fractal behaviour. In particular, we prove the following two statements: (i) There exists a bi-Lipschitz IFS for which the pushforward of any ergodic measure with positive entropy is not exact dimensional; (ii) There exists a bi-Lipschitz IFS whose attractor has empty interior yet positive Lebesgue measure.

Suprapto Suprapto, Syamsudin Rois

The current era is marked by a concerning trend of moral degradation among the younger generation. This current study aims to describe and explain the cultural values embedded in Ponorogo's folklore and examine the relevance of this folklore as teaching materials for strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile. The researchers employed a qualitative research method. To collect information, the researchers used primary and secondary sources related to the folklore of Ponorogo. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman's interactive model, which involved data reduction, display, verification, and interpretation to draw meaningful conclusions. Triangulation was used to ensure data trustworthiness. The study results revealed that the cultural values based on local wisdom/folklore embedded in Ponorogo include religious, mutual help, morals, customs, and historical values. Furthermore, the relevance between the folklore of Ponorogo and local wisdom values can be utilized as learning materials in elementary schools. As a result, it can strengthen the Pancasila student profile, enabling students to develop critical thinking, independence, intelligence, moral character, cultural awareness, and nobility from an early age.

Martina ULIČNÁ, Roman KVAPIL

The study describes and analyses the linguistic material which, from a diachronic and synchronic point of view, represents the way Slovak language uses the colour name zelený (green) as a name for the colour green in the formation of multiverbal units, as well as idioms and terms. The conclusions presented in the study are based on the results of a comparative analysis of linguistic material obtained from collections of folklore, the Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language and dictionaries of the contemporary language. The sources of the folklore research material are Slovak folk tales, which come mainly from the collection Prostonárodné slovenské povesti by Pavel Dobšinský (1880 – 1883) and from the collection of proverbs and sayings Slovenské príslovia, porekadlá a úslovia by P. A. Záturecký (1897). Examples from lexicographical sources are also compared with collocations of the adjective zelený in the Slovak language corpora prim-10.0- public-sane 0 (Slovak National Corpus) and Araneum Slovacum VII Maximum (Slovak, 24.02). The study shows the richness and variability of the use of the adjective zelený as a component of multi-word naming. At the same time, it points to changes in the structure and quantity of these nominalizations in diachronic context. Collocations with the adjective zelený in the corpora of the Slovak language confirm that the popularity of the adjective zelený is not only focused on political and ecological contexts, and that we also encounter the transfer of the metaphorical basis from idioms or terms to new contexts.

Joan Mahiques Climent

Reseña

Jingyi Mei, Tim Coopmans, Marcello Bonsangue et al.

Verifying equivalence between two quantum circuits is a hard problem, that is nonetheless crucial in compiling and optimizing quantum algorithms for real-world devices. This paper gives a Turing reduction of the (universal) quantum circuits equivalence problem to weighted model counting (WMC). Our starting point is a folklore theorem showing that equivalence checking of quantum circuits can be done in the so-called Pauli-basis. We combine this insight with a WMC encoding of quantum circuit simulation, which we extend with support for the Toffoli gate. Finally, we prove that the weights computed by the model counter indeed realize the reduction. With an open-source implementation, we demonstrate that this novel approach can outperform a state-of-the-art equivalence-checking tool based on ZX calculus and decision diagrams.

Junru Zhou, Muhan Zhang

The ability of graph neural networks (GNNs) to count homomorphisms has recently been proposed as a practical and fine-grained measure of their expressive power. Although several existing works have investigated the homomorphism counting power of certain GNN families, a simple and unified framework for analyzing the problem is absent. In this paper, we first propose \emph{generalized folklore Weisfeiler-Leman (GFWL)} algorithms as a flexible design basis for expressive GNNs, and then provide a theoretical framework to algorithmically determine the homomorphism counting power of an arbitrary class of GNN within the GFWL design space. As the considered design space is large enough to accommodate almost all known powerful GNNs, our result greatly extends all existing works, and may find its application in the automation of GNN model design.

Alexander Esterov

Geometry of sparse systems of polynomial equations (i.e. the ones with prescribed monomials and generic coefficients) is well studied in terms of their Newton polytopes. The results of this study are colloquially known as the Bernstein--Kouchnirenko--Khovanskii toolkit, and unfortunately are not applicable to many important systems, whose coefficients slightly fail to be generic. This for instance happens if some of the equations are obtained from another one by taking partial derivatives or permuting the variables, or the equations are linear, realizing a non-trivial matroid, or in more advanced settings such as generalized Calabi--Yau complete intersections. Such interesting examples (as well as many others) turn out to belong to a natural class of ``systems of equations that are nondegenerate upon cancellations''. We extend to this class several classical and folklore results of the Bernstein--Kouchnirenko--Khovanskii toolkit, such as the ones regarding the number and regularity of solutions, their irreducibility, tropicalization and Calabi--Yau-ness.

Weiyong He

Given a symplectic class $[ω]$ on a four torus $T^4$ (or a $K3$ surface), a folklore problem in symplectic geometry is whether symplectic forms in $[ω]$ are isotropic to each other. We introduce a family of nonlinear Hodge heat flows on compact symplectic four manifolds to approach this problem, which is an adaption of nonlinear Hodge theory in symplectic geometry. As a particular example, we study a conformal Hodge heat flow in detail. We prove a stability result of the flow near an almost Kahler structure $(M, ω, g)$. We also prove that, if $|\nabla \log u|$ stays bounded along the flow, then the flow exists for all time for any initial symplectic form $ρ\in [ω]$ and it converges to $ω$ smoothly along the flow with uniform control, where $u$ is the volume potential of $ρ$.

A. Skopenkov

Let $M$ be a sphere with handles and holes, $f:M\to\mathbb R^3$ an embedding, and $H_1=H_1(M;\mathbb Z)$. We study a simple isotopy invariant of $f$, the Seifert bilinear form $L(f):H_1\times H_1\to\mathbb Z$. Let $\cap:H_1\times H_1\to\mathbb Z$ be the intersection form of $M$. Then the Seifert form is $\cap$-symmetric, i.e., $L(f)(β,γ)-L(f)(γ,β)=β\capγ$ for any $β,γ\in H_1$. If $M$ has non-empty boundary, then any $\cap$-symmetric bilinear form $H_1\times H_1\to\mathbb Z$ is realizable as $L(f)$ for some embedding $f$. We present a characterization of realizable forms for the torus $M$. The results are simple and presumably known in folklore. We present a simplified exposition accessible to non-specialists.

Marcelo Campos, Matthew Jenssen, Marcus Michelen et al.

Let $A$ be a $n \times n$ symmetric matrix with $(A_{i,j})_{i\leq j} $, independent and identically distributed according to a subgaussian distribution. We show that $$\mathbb{P}(σ_{\min}(A) \leq \varepsilon/\sqrt{n}) \leq C \varepsilon + e^{-cn},$$ where $σ_{\min}(A)$ denotes the least singular value of $A$ and the constants $C,c>0 $ depend only on the distribution of the entries of $A$. This result confirms a folklore conjecture on the lower-tail asymptotics of the least singular value of random symmetric matrices and is best possible up to the dependence of the constants on the distribution of $A_{i,j}$. Along the way, we prove that the probability $A$ has a repeated eigenvalue is $e^{-Ω(n)}$, thus confirming a conjecture of Nguyen, Tao and Vu.

Irina Dushakova

The article discusses the ways the personality of Joseph Stalin was framed in the Russian media from February 2011 to February 2021. The data corpus was collected from the “Medialogia” media database using keyword searches. As a result of the framing analysis of the relevant media messages, four dominant types of Stalin’s personality framing were revealed: positive, negative, ambivalent, and corrective (devoted to the fight with myths about Stalin). Positive and negative ways of framing are used in the publications throughout the entire analysed period, while ambivalent and corrective appear in 2016–2017 only and show a slight shift toward more positive coverage of J. Stalin’s personality. Positive and negative framing are shown in a case study in a more detailed way. The case concerns the media coverage of the results of a public opinion poll conducted in 2019 by the Levada Center on the attitude of Russians towards Stalin. The analysis of this case shows that, despite the predetermined negative assessment of Stalin’s personality in the poll itself, media platforms can present positive framing to the audience. At the same time, the neutral transmission of information is used in some of the analysed texts, which shows avoiding evaluative framing in some publications. The article discusses framing devices used to achieve the necessary tone of the coverage.

Gökçe Çöçel*, Pınar Melis Yelsalı Parmaksız**

This article focuses on the practices of conspicuous consumption of the uppermiddle-class conservative women living in Gaziantep and aims to understand the transformation of the class, conservatism, and the women’s experiences through women’s encounters in daily life and furthermore, discusses the possibility for women’s empowerment. The data was collected through a qualitative field study by using a feminist methodology. The fieldwork took place in Gaziantep in a 6-month-period from March to September in 2019 and consists of 14 individual interviews, 27 in-depth interviews and two distinct focus groups with a total number of 14 participants. All interviews focus on the daily lives and personal experiences of the conservative/religious women who participated in the research. Research data was analysed through interpretation of the themes which emerged from the data. As a result, the empowerment of the upper-middle-class conservative women was explained through the concepts of the patriarchal bargain - a term that is coined by Deniz Kandiyoti, to refer to strategies employed by women within a system of concrete patriarchal constraints and the move from private to public patriarchy, which points out to changing forms of women’s domination within different social systems as explained by Sylvia Walby.

Jochen Glück, Andrii Mironchenko

We prove new characterisations of exponential stability for positive linear discrete-time systems in ordered Banach spaces, in terms of small-gain conditions. Such conditions have played an important role in the finite-dimensional systems theory, but are relatively unexplored in the infinite-dimensional setting, yet. Our results are applicable to discrete-time systems in ordered Banach spaces that have a normal and generating positive cone. Moreover, we show that our stability criteria can be considerably simplified if the cone has non-empty interior or if the operator under consideration is quasi-compact. To place our results into context we include an overview of known stability criteria for linear (and not necessarily positive) operators and provide full proofs for several folklore characterizations from this domain.

Krzysztof Rybak

Recenzja książki: Śmierć w literaturze dziecięcej i młodzieżowej, red. Katarzyna Slany, Wydawnictwo Stowarzyszenia Bibliotekarzy Polskich, Warszawa 2018, ss. 352.  

Esra Öztarhan

Don Quixote had been a pioneering example in world literature to many literary works in different aspects. It had especially been an inspiration to other literary protagonists since its publication. This hero prototype is an idealist person who chases its dreams as opposed to the reactions from the society. He has difficulties in adapting to the world and society he lives in. Hundreds of years later, in a completely different geography, a modern novel resembles this hero prototype which was created by Cervantes. A Confederacy of Dunces is set in 1980s New Orleans. He is a picaro just like Don Quixote, thinking that the “dunces” are in a confederacy against him. In both novels there are many carnivalesque aspects like dualisms of madness versus insanity, reality versus illusion. This way both novels criticize what is normal or not in the society’s expectations. Lastly both novels are examples of grotesque realism. They have unfamiliar outer appearances, exaggerated bodily functions. Moreover they are depicted as looser dreamers in both novels. Therefore A Confederacy of Dunces’s hero can be regarded as a Don Quixote walking in the streets of New Orleans in twentieth century.

Vladimir Kanovei, Vassily Lyubetsky

The paper is the second of our series of notes aimed to bring back in circulation some bright ideas of early modern set theory, mainly due to Harrington and Sami, which have never been adequately presented in set theoretic publications. We prove that if a real $a$ is random over a model $M$ and $x\in M[a]$ is another real then either (1) $x\in M$, or (2) $M[x]=M[a]$, or (3) $M[x]$ is a random extension of $M$ and $M[a]$ is a random extension of $M[x]$. This is a less-known result of old set theoretic folklore, and, as far as we know, has never been published. As a corollary, we prove that $Σ^1_n$-Reduction holds for all $n\ge3$, in a model extending the constructible universe $L$ by $\aleph_1$-many random reals.