Hasil untuk "Chemistry"

C. Hoyle, A. Lowe, C. Bowman

C. S. James

N. Benowitz, J. Hukkanen, P. Jacob

C. Cramer, D. Truhlar

J. Davidovits

Elio Mattia, S. Otto

A. Narita, Xiao-Ye Wang, Xinliang Feng et al.

D. Rickard, G. Luther

W. Foye, T. L. Lemke, David A. Williams

S. Mann

Philipp Petermeier, J. P. Bittner, Simon Müller et al.

G. Somorjai, A. Mujumdar

J.J.R. Fraústo da Silva, Robert J.P. Williams

L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D. Proserpio

K. Suslick

S. Swallow

R. Goodnow, Christoph E. Dumelin, Anthony D. Keefe

A. Waterhouse, D. Jeffery, G. Sacks

Wine chemistry inspires and challenges with its complexity, and while this is intriguing, it can also be a barrier to further understanding. The topic is demystified in Understanding Wine Chemistry, Special Mention awardee in the 2018 OIV awards, which explains the important chemistry of wine at the level of university education, and provides an accessible reference text for scientists and scientifically trained winemakers alike.

Yanhao Liu, Wan Zhao, Yingming Zhao et al.

Abstract Bottom-up construction of artificial cells helps elucidate the working mechanism of cells. Signal transduction from extracellular to intracellular artificial cells is essential for autonomous artificial cells. It remains highly challenging to reconstitute G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways to regulate downstream metabolism in artificial cells. Here, we reconstitute β2-adrenergic receptor, Gs subunit α and adenylate cyclase V into artificial cell membranes to enable signal transduction from extracellular isoproterenol (ISO) to intracellular cAMP (visualization via Epac1-cAMP probes). cAMP production is ISO dose-dependent, with a maximum amplification fold of 22.45 ± 2.14. By encapsulating the glycogenolytic pathway, cAMP activates protein kinase A, triggering phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase and glycogen phosphorylase to convert glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P). G-1-P is further converted to 6-phosphogluconolactone accompanying with NADPH. ISO stimulation induces G-1-P and NADPH generation, achieving progressive signal amplification. The successful reconstitution of GPCR-mediated signaling pathway in artificial cells paves the way for developing autonomous artificial cells.