Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

Michael Timothy Heneise

This editorial reflects on a period of institutional growth and editorial transition at HIMALAYA, the journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies. Amid recent regional upheavals—including the May 2025 escalation between India and Pakistan—the journal reaffirms its commitment to rigorous, inclusive scholarship on the Himalayan region. Strategic developments such as the adoption of the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform, a publishing partnership with the University of Edinburgh, and expanded print access through IngramSpark have significantly increased the journal’s global reach and accessibility. The editorial welcomes new team members who mark a generational and geographic expansion of HIMALAYA's editorial vision. These include Associate Editor Dr. Shubham Sapkota (University of Colorado Boulder); Reviews Editor Dr. Zezhou Yang (Asia Research Institute, NUS); and in-region Assistant Editors Heidamteu Zeme (IIT Delhi), Gulal Salil (independent artist), and Yatin Batra (University of Delhi). Fatma Matar, a master's student in visual anthropology at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, has also recently joined the team as Assistant Editor. This issue features contributions on ritual performance, visual repatriation, agricultural imaginaries, linguistic justice, and archival critique, exemplifying the journal’s evolving commitment to multimodal, interdisciplinary, and regionally grounded scholarship.

Georgios A. Nathanail

Gianfranco Bria

Philip Bockholt

The Qābūsnāma is a well-known mirror for princes dating back to the Ziyārid ruler Kay Kāvūs, who ruled over a principality of regional importance on the south-east coast of the Caspian Sea in the mid-eleventh century. The Qābūsnāma, written for his son Gīlānshāh, deals with statesmanlike affairs, commercial transactions or family and friendly obligations and became one of the first works of the genre Andarznāme, Pandnāme or Naṣīḥatnāme in Persian. It was translated into Old Anatolian Turkish several times in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. With a particular focus on Chapter 15 of the work, which deals with bodily pleasures, and on the various statements made by the translators in their engagement with Kay Kāvūs’ sayings about inclinations towards men and women, the article examines the different forms that the Qābūsnāma took in its journey from Iran to Anatolia during the beylik and Ottoman periods, and whose actors were involved in the translation processes.

Natalia N. Nikolaeva, Evgenii V. Nolev

Introduction. The epic hero Geser (Abai Geser Bogdo Khan, Geser, Gesar) and the founder of the Mongol Empire Genghis Khan are most remarkable and iconic characters in folklore traditions of Inner Asia. The involvedness of Siberia’s peoples ― including Buryat clans and tribes (despite their largely peripheral locations) ― in general Mongolian historical events led to the two characters became equally popular, widespread, and somewhat sacral folklore images. It is interesting and topical enough to consider Genghis Khan and Geser in one semantic field from the perspectives of their misidentification (or even suggested sameness), historical memory, and mythologization of personality in ethnic consciousness. Goals. The article aims to identify, classify and explore plots that tend to identify, articulate kinship and typological proximity of Geser and Genghis Khan in folklore and historical memories of Inner Asian peoples. The concept of G. Potanin ― an earliest Russian historiographer to have pointed out the contamination and attempted to analyze its mythological basis ― shall be examined in detail. Materials and methods. The addressed principles of historicism and objectivity make it possible to reconstruct the concept of [mis]identifying Geser and Genghis Khan examined in G. Potanin’s works. Methods of comparative analysis ― the comparative/genetic and historical/typological ones ― have proven instrumental in tracing common images and plots of Turko-Mongolian folklore narratives, and considering the latter both within related origins and typological proximities arising from actual historical conditions. Contextual analysis tools have revealed certain meanings of narrative situations and semantics of images articulated in those situations. The study focuses on folklore patterns of Siberia and Inner Asia’s groups, archival materials housed by the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs (IMBT SB RAS). Results. The paper delineates key clusters of folklore plots that identify Geser and Genghis Khan, namely: merger of the two images into one, genealogical succession, mythical kinship, identical semantic functions of the culture heroes. Conclusions. The image of demiurge Geser-Genghis is characteristic of South Siberian Turkic mythologies, while the Mongolic oral traditions distinguish between the images but tend to view them as ones with pronounced ties, and basically deify the characters. In Buryat mythical/epic space, Genghis Khan and Geser act as relatives ― heavenly divine brother-progenitors of not Mongols at large but specifically Buryat tribes. In addition, both of the heroes are represented as creators of some certain elements included in the ethnic cultural code.

Naoya Hidaka, Caihong Tian, Shengnan Zhang et al.

Summary: The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, generally migrates from eastern to northeastern China in early summer, and some individuals are believed to migrate overseas to Japan depending on meteorological conditions. This potential migration was investigated with the immigrants’ strontium radiogenic isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr and backward flight trajectories from Japanese trapping sites. The results showed that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Chinese reared M. separata were significantly higher than those of reared insects of Japanese immigration areas. As some individuals trapped in western Japan had 87Sr/86Sr ratios higher than a statistical discriminating ratio, they likely originated in China. Trajectory analysis also indicated those individuals might have originated from the East Asian continent, such as the first-generation outbreak region in China and their migration waypoint regions. Our analysis, thus, suggests direct or multistep overseas migration of individual M. separata from the East Asian continent to Japan, giving insight into migration pathways and population dynamics.

Edhem Eldem

Stefan Lueder

John Ceffrey Eligue

Studies about disasters have focused on large-scale and extreme weather events. However, slow-onset hazards such as drought-like seasons and monsoons also pose challenges since they are dynamic and experienced differently from place to place. This paper shows how difficulties in livelihood of the agricultural sector can be made evident using a place-based approach for identifying vulnerability in an island setting. A household survey was conducted to gather perceptions of hazard impacts and coping strategies for extreme weather events and pervasive hazards. Results show that the perceived impacts of hazards differ by events, and respondents cope with extreme weather events and pervasive hazards in almost the same ways. The coping strategies include diversification of livelihood and mutual help, a common tradition among Philippine villages. Community-based disaster risk management strategies through indigenous ways also enabled the island community to bridge the interventions of the national government to the local context in terms of reducing risks. In conclusion, a place-based approach adds value to the current way of assessing vulnerability as it shows that social vulnerability is more dynamic in the local context, and social bonding is crucial for coping during difficult times.

Zeynep Ceren Henriques Correia

Muhammad F. Mughal, Xiaoxuan Liu, Ming Ronnier Luo et al.

The computation of perceived attractiveness from facial images has long been a research topic. Many models have been developed to predict the attractiveness of the face from the individual models that have been used to describe the geometry of the face (symmetry, golden ratio and neoclassical canons, according to artists from the Middle Ages, and a combination of the three). An experiment was conducted based on Oriental and South Asian ethnic groups, represented by Chinese and Pakistani facial images. Visual assessments of perceived attractiveness were carried out using a 6-point categorical scale and the results were used to derive a new set of facial feature ratios that maximized the perceived attractiveness of the two ethnic groups. The results were also used to develop a new polynomial model of attractiveness, and to test four existing models. The new model performed the best for Oriental faces. The new model was also best for South Asian faces together with the combined model. Ethnic group differences did not have a significant impact on the perceived attractiveness of the two groups. A set of new facial ratios for the two ethnic groups was determined to maximise attractiveness.

Benjamin Weineck

Carlotta De Sanctis

The proposed contribution focuses on an analysis of the debut of punk in Turkey within a framing that highlights its contexts and peculiarities. Considering punk not only as a musical genre but also as an underground culture with wider socio-political trends and implications, this study aims to assess, more broadly, the characteristics of this phenomenon during the years of its initial stages in the Turkish scene. Punk in Turkey started to appear at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s, at first involving young people who had grown up and been socialized in political terms during a decade characterized by the extreme social consequences of the 12th September coup d’état. As a more general phenomenon, through the study of punk in this local form, it is possible to reconsider the strategies and needs of expression of antagonism and social malaise of a specific generation which, as in the case of Turkey, has usually been referred to as uninterested in socio-political dynamics. Although the local punk scene has attracted only limited attention to date, this case study offers a new perspective to rethink deeply the research approaches which consider generational phenomena as a homogeneous perspective, as well as the boundaries that shape and confine the expression of dissent.

Mustafa Aslan

Uzma Falak

John Bray, Martijn van Beek, Tsering Dhundup Gonkatsang et al.

In 1933 the Indian scholar and social activist Rahul Sankrityayan (1893-1963) compiled a set of four Tibetan-language readers and a grammar for use in Ladakhi schools, together with his Ladakhi colleague Tsetan Phuntsog. The readers contain a mix of material from Western, Indian, Ladakhi and Tibetan sources. This includes simple essays about ‘air’ and ‘water’, selections from Aesop’s fables, Indian folk stories, biographies of famous people in Ladakhi and Tibetan history, poems by Ladakhi authors, and extracts from the Treasury of Elegant Sayings by Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen (1182-1251). This essay begins with a review of earlier Tibetan-language schoolbooks published in British India, and then discusses the circumstances that led to Sankrityayan’s involvement in the Ladakh project. The second part of the essay examines the contents of the readers and the grammar, including—where possible—the authorship of particular sections. Finally, the essay briefly reviews linguistic developments in Ladakh since the publication of the textbooks.

Karine Gagné

The region of Ladakh in the Indian Himalayas has recently seen a rise in attacks by stray dogs, some of which have been fatal. The dogs’ claims on territory have not gone uncontested in an emotional landscape fraught with anxieties over religious identities as tensions prevail between a Buddhist and a Muslim population. Consideration for the political effects of ethical discourses about dogs in Ladakh reveals how dog population control, and the intricately linked question of dog care have implications for the shaping of an animal ethics as a contentious political question. In the public sphere, some interpret matters related to dogs as a problem of human territoriality, while others foreground animal care as a virtue of Tibetan Buddhists. While these ideas about dogs and their treatment are shaped by a network of local and translocal ideas and practices about animal welfare and about religious identity, the politics of dog ethics in Ladakh is not an exclusively human product. Dogs are also agents of this politics, both in their physical capacity, to define dog-human interactions, as they are capable of being both affectionate and extremely violent, and because they have the potential to act on human’s production of meaning and exceed human expectations.

Nicoletta Ferradini, Hovirag Lancioni, Renzo Torricelli et al.

Pear is one of the oldest fruit tree crops and the third most important temperate fruit species. Its domestication took place independently in the Far East (China) and in the Caucasus region. While the origin of Eastern Asian cultivars is clear, that of European cultivars is still in doubt. Italy has a wealth of local varieties and genetic resources safeguarded by several public and private collections to face the erosion caused by the introduction of improved varieties in specialized orchards. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to characterize the existing germplasm through nuclear (SSR) and (ii) to clarify the genetic divergence between local and cultivated populations through chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers in order to provide insights into phylogenetic relationships of Pyrus spp. For this reason, 95 entries from five different germplasm collections, including nine European, Mediterranean and Eastern Asian species, were analyzed, and the intergenic accD-psaI sequences were compared to the worldwide distributed dataset encompassing a total of 298 sequences from 26 different Pyrus species. The nine nuclear SSRs were able to identify a total of 179 alleles, with a loci polymorphism P = 0.89. Most of the variation (97%) was found within groups. Five accessions from different sources were confirmed to be the same. Eight out of 20 accessions of unknown origin were identified, and six synonyms were detected. Locus NH030a was found to be monomorphic in all the cultivated accessions and in reference species interfertile with P. communis, leading to hypothesize selection pressures for adaptation to cultivation. The cpDNA sequences of the 95 accessions were represented by 14 haplotypes, six of which (derived from P. communis, P. cossonii and P. ussuriensis) are recorded here for the first time and may suggest the ancient origin of some local varieties. The network analysis of the 298 cpDNA sequences allowed two different haplogroups, Eastern and Western Eurasia, to be defined, supporting recent views of a clear division between Occidental and Oriental species. By combining the results from nuclear and uniparental markers, it was possible to better define many unknown accessions.

D. V. Streltsov

The Department for the "administration of affairs with Asian nations" at College of Foreign Affairs was established on February 26, 1796 by the imperial decree and the school for Chinese, Manchu, Persian and Turkish languages translators was opened one year later. However, special training of the Russian diplomatic corps, dealing with the relations with Asian nations, was established only in the XIX century. In 1815 Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages was founded. In 1823 Training Department of Oriental Languages at the Asian Department of the Foreign Ministry of the Russian Empire was established. The tradition was continued by the Soviet Russian Institute of Oriental Studies, which become a leading center for the training of specialists, necessary for most important public institutions and social organizations. Moscow Institute for Oriental Studies inherited traditions and rich library from Lazarev Institute. At the confluence of MGIMO and Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies in 1954 the library holdings were transferred to the MGIMO, they now form the basis of the rare fund of the university research library. Development of Oriental School MGIMO historically was influenced by the specifics of the traditional conglomerate of Oriental Sciences and ever increasing needs in the practical application of knowledge about the East. Of course, in addition to the Lazarev Institute other leading centers of domestic study of the East made a considerable impact on the development of Oriental Studies at MGIMO. St. Petersburg (Leningrad) University and the University of Kazan are the most prominent ones, where the Oriental Studies tradition is rooted in the XIX century. Evacuation of many prominent representatives of the Moscow and Leningrad school of Oriental Studies during the Great Patriotic War to Kazan and Central Asia gave new impetus to oriental studies at universities in these regions.