With the continuous expansion of the aquaculture industry and the advancement of technology, the production model of the industry has gradually shifted toward greater modernization, mechanization, and automation. This transformation has become the primary trend in industry development, signaling the movement from traditional farming methods to intelligent and automated approaches. Fish fry, as a crucial link in the aquaculture supply chain, play an important role in the entire industry. Accurate fish fry counting is essential for managing the industry effectively, conducting scientific feeding practices, controlling stocking density, and ensuring fair pricing and transparent transactions in the sale of fry. In traditional aquaculture practices, fish fry counting mainly relies on manual methods, which are not only time consuming and labor intensive, but also prone to significant errors. Many farms still use the pushing method and bowl method for fry counting. The pushing method involves estimating the number of fry in a pile manually, whereas the bowl method estimates this number based on a sample. Both methods are subject to human error and often lead to inaccurate counts. Moreover, these manual methods are not only inefficient but can also harm the fry. During counting, the fry are often handled repeatedly, which can negatively impact their growth and survival, causing stress and affecting fry quality. With the advancement of technology and the development of computer systems, automated devices have been gradually introduced into the aquaculture industry. The advent of automatic fish fry counters has effectively addressed the inefficiencies of manual counting while ensuring accurate and transparent counting. These automated devices use sensors, image recognition, and machine learning technologies to automatically detect and track fry, efficiently completing counting with real-time data collection, high accuracy, and reliability. These tools provide aquaculture operators with a more scientific and convenient way of management, allowing for more precise feeding practices and reducing overfeeding or underfeeding, thus improving farm efficiency. However, despite the widespread use of automated counting technology in aquaculture, several challenges remain. In particular, when dealing with large volumes of fry, existing counting technologies face limitations in efficiency, accuracy, and handling fry overlap. As the number of fry increases, counting accuracy tends to decrease, especially when dealing with smaller fry, where detection systems can make errors. Additionally, the complex environment of aquaculture farms, such as light conditions, bubbles, and debris in the water, can interfere with counting accuracy, making the process complicated for automatic counting systems. Therefore, enhancing the accuracy of automated counting, especially in large volumes of fry or in complex environments, is still a technical issue that needs to be addressed. To tackle these issues, researchers have made significant improvements and innovations in automatic counting technology. The accuracy and efficiency of automatic counting systems have been significantly enhanced by incorporating advanced image recognition algorithms, deep learning techniques, and multisensor fusion technologies. These improved algorithms are effective at separating and tracking targets, achieving precise counting. Furthermore, with the development of simulation technology, virtual testing and simulations have played a crucial role in optimizing and designing automatic counting devices. Simulation allows device performance to be predicted under different working conditions, reducing the need for testing with live fry and minimizing potential losses. It also improves design efficiency and ensures that the stability, safety, and durability of the devices are thoroughly validated before practical application, providing reliable technical support for their implementation. Nevertheless, when handling large volumes of fry counting, challenges related to efficiency and dealing with overlapping fry remain. For instance, when designing automatic fry counting devices, design parameters are often difficult to calculate accurately because of the limitations of the fry and the aquaculture environment. Therefore, machine operating parameters must be adjusted to test counting effectiveness. However, this method wastes both human and material resources, and repeated testing can cause stress and harm to the fry. Simulation allows for testing the operational performance of prototype designs, reducing the need for physical testing and saving costs. This study introduces an improved YOLOV8-ByteTrack algorithm to achieve high-precision detection and tracking of fry. This algorithm focuses on real-time performance and efficiency by combining the lightweight YOLOV8 model for object detection with the precise multi-target tracking capabilities of ByteTrack. YOLOV8, being a lightweight model, reduces computational load while maintaining high detection accuracy, offering fast and stable performance in resource-limited environments. Once the fry are detected, ByteTrack uses an efficient data association strategy to track multiple targets and maintain identity consistency, significantly reducing issues such as ID switching and target loss caused by rapid movement, overlap, or environmental changes. Unlike traditional algorithms that rely solely on high-confidence detections, ByteTrack incorporates low-confidence results by utilizing motion consistency and appearance features, thus improving counting accuracy and continuity. To verify the performance and stability of the proposed fish fry automatic counting device in practical applications, a series of accuracy testing experiments was conducted on fish fry of different sizes. The experiments tested 3–5, 6–8, and 9–12 cm-sized grouper fry, with 200, 250, and 300 fry per group, respectively. The test results showed that the counting accuracy of the device was 99.1% and 99.6% for the 6–8 and 9–12 cm fry, respectively, with a slightly lower accuracy of 98.5% for the 3–5 cm fry. The algorithm achieved an average frame rate of 155 FPS, with a single-frame processing time of approximately 6.5 ms. Moreover, the processing speed at different frame rates demonstrated high real-time stability, with a minimum processing speed of 6.3 ms (158 FPS) and a maximum of 6.6 ms (152 FPS). The lower accuracy for the 3–5 cm fry can be attributed to their smaller size, which makes them more susceptible to background complexity and rapid movement, leading to a slight decrease in detection precision. As fry size increases, their features become more distinct, and their movements become more stable, resulting in higher detection accuracy. These results validate the excellent real-time and efficient performance of the algorithm even with limited hardware resources, meeting the practical needs of speed and accuracy in fish fry counting scenarios. The fish fry automatic counting device proposed in this study offers an innovative solution to improve fry counting precision and efficiency, providing valuable insights for theoretical research and practical applications in aquaculture.
Abstract Creatures grown on the island are more susceptible to genetic vulnerabilities because of their isolated nature and often limited genetic diversity. Understanding the genetic structure of these populations is crucial for effective conservation strategies, especially for the species that are commonly found in aquaculture and may inhabit islands. Bufo gargarizans and Pelophylax nigromaculatus were distributed in the Chongming Islands of Shanghai, China. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cytb) and D‐loop sequences of the populations of the two species across three Chongming islands to investigate genetic diversity, phylogenetics, and infer historical demography, which indicated a lower genetic diversity in island populations compared with their mainland counterparts, reflecting a heightened vulnerability to environmental perturbations and potential extinction risks. Noticeably, a more interlaced genetic pattern was determined in P. nigromaculatus than in B. gargarizans, which was probably attributed to the differences in species' dispersal capabilities among the populations of islands and the mainland. Hence, the genetic analyses propose targeted recommendations for in situ conservation and aquaculture management.
The current study was conducted to calculate the annual Occurrence, monthly density and relative abundance of the Metapenaeus affinis. The samples were collected monthly for the period from October 2017 to September 2018. Some environmental factors such as temperature of water and air, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity were measured. We obtained 7 types of shrimp belonging to three families in the Al-Burka station and the Al Sabbaghia Station , which are 7 species, all of which belong to the Division of arthropods and crustaceans, the first family: Penaeidae is a banyan family that includes Metapeneaus affinis, Penaeus semisulcatus, Family: Atyidae, include Caridina babaulti basrensis , Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica and Family: Palamonidae includes Exopalaemon styliferus, Palaemon elegans and Macrobrachium nipponense divided into four categories according to the Yearly Occurrence Resident, Fluctuated, Occasional, Rare. The monthly density of each species of shrimp was calculated and the range was: for Metapenaeus affinis 0-325.85 Ind./ m² and Penaeus semisulacatus 0-5.32 Ind./ m² and Caridina babaulti basrensis 0-111.72 Ind./ m² Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica 0-679.63 Ind./ m² Exopalaemon styliferus 0-23.94 Ind./ m² Palaemon elegans 0-19.95 Ind./m² Macrobrachium nipponense 0-55.86 Ind./ m². The highest density in the Al-Burka station for Metapeneaus affinis to 2600.15 Ind./ m² The Lowest density for Penaeus semisulacatus to 9.31 Ind./ m² and the highest density in the Al Sabbaghia Station for cardinia babaulti basrensis to 320.53 Ind./ m² and the lowest density for Exopalaemon styliferu at 3.99 Ind./ m² and The total density of the Al-Burka station in the east Al-Hammar Marsh was higher than the. Al Sabbaghia Station In Chabaish Marsh. The monthly abundance of shrimp was calculated as Metapenaeus affinis 0-100%, Penaeus semisulacatus 0-1.87 %, Caridina babaulti basrensis 0-93.33 %, Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica 0-100 %, Exopalaemon styliferus 0-27.27% ,Palaemon elegans 0- 26.66 % , Macrobrachium nipponense 0-73.33 %. The results of the statistical analysis showed a positive relationship between abundance and water temperature, pH and salinity and showed significant differences between abundance and acuityP< 0.007 between sovereignty and mean P< 0.018 The correlation coefficient was positive between abundance and (temperature water, pH , Salinity and acacia) and the correlation coefficient between abundance and dissolved oxygen.
This study was aimed to determine the effects of different bait types on the efficiency of fyke-nets and traps in catching narrow-clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)). The study was carried out in Atikhisar reservoir, Çanakkale, between July 2020 and March 2021. In the study, 12 traditional fyke-nets (“D” inlet, 5 rigid rings and a leader net) and 12 traps (double inlet) were used. Fyke-nets and traps were rigged with 34 mm stretched mesh that are commonly used in crayfish fishing in Türkiye. Three different bait types including fish, chicken and bread and a control treatment with no bait were allocated to each gear type. Baits were distributed randomly to each gear before fishing trials. The baits were placed in small bags corresponding to 1% of total trap volume. The results of 24 trials showed 68.8% (1940 crayfish) of the total catch was caught with fyke nets and 31.20% (880 crayfish) with traps. The highest average CPUEN values for both trap types were observed in those baited with the chicken meat which were 7.89±1.02 n/fyke net/day and 5.07±0.88 n/trap/day.. The mean length of the crayfish caught by the fyke nets was significantly smaller than those caught by the traps (p<0.05). When the mean CPUE values based on the number of fishing operations were compared, differences were significant for baits other than the chicken meat (p<0.05). These results showed that catching efficiencies of baited fyke-nets and traps were higher (especially chicken meat) than those of unbaited traps than those without bait.
Nissa Aulia Aryanti, Aswaldi Anwar, Siska Efendi
et al.
Benih kakao termasuk benih rekalsitran yang memiliki beberapa kendala seperti kadar air yang tinggi, tidak tahan desikasi dan suhu rendah, serta mudah terserang jamur sehingga menyebabkan benih tidak dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Pada kondisi kadar air benih yang tinggi, perombakan cadangan makanan terjadi pada benih melalui proses respirasi benih juga tinggi yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan mutu benih akibatnya viabilitas dan vigor benih juga menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelapisan benih kakao dengan gel lidah buaya terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih, dan mendapatkan konsentrasi gel lidah buaya yang mampu mempertahankan vigor dan viabilitas benih kakao selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2019 di Laboratorium Kampus III Universitas Andalas, Dharmasraya. Penelitian ini disusuan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan beberapa konsentrasi gel lidah buaya yakni 0%, 25%, 50%, dan 75%. Setiap perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak 3 ulangan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan diketahui bahwa pelapisan benih dengan gel lidah buaya tidak berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao.
Che Ismail Che-Zulkifli, Koh Ivan Chong Chu, Shahreza Md Sheriff
et al.
The present study aims to investigate the effects of exposure of the seminal plasma and spermatozoa of the giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus to dry ice (−79 °C) during transport on their quality. In all, 15 amino acid compounds were determined. The quantification of total proteins were measured using the Bradford method, and amino acid concentration were measured using the HPLC method. The cryopreserved seminal plasma was transferred from a liquid nitrogen tank to a styrofoam box filled with dry ice. Total protein and amino acids were measured after 24, 48, and 72 h. For comparative purposes, total protein and fifteen compound of amino acid were also measured. Both parameters were also measured after the cryopreserved seminal plasma were immersed in liquid nitrogen after 24 and 48 h exposed to dry ice. The results showed that the exposure of seminal plasma to dry ice for 24, 48 and 72 h during transportation or immersion back into the liquid nitrogen after 24 and 48 h does not change the total protein levels either in seminal plasma or spermatozoa. However, the level of each amino acid compound in the seminal plasma had significantly decreased.
Sherifat Ibidunni Adegbesan, Samuel Olubodun Obasa, Ikililu Abdulraheem
One hundred and twenty Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2.33 ± 0.07 g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1, 1%; ABL2, 2%; ABL3, 3%, and control, 0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Mean weight gain and percentage weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as concentration of A. barbadensis increased. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. Differences (P < 0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in ABL3: PCV (36.67 ± 0.89%), Hb (12.37 ± 0.37 g dl–1) and RBC (3.47 ± 0.08×106 L–1) and lowest in control: PCV (22.0 ± 0.58%), Hb (7.37 ± 0.20 g dl–1) and RBC (2.07 ± 0.06 ×106 L–1). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste could effectively improve growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus.
Nasrullah Bai Arifin, Muhammad Fakhri, Muhammad Fakhri
et al.
Abstrak
Fitoplankton merupakan sumber pakan alami pada budidaya udang di tambak. Produktivitas fitoplankton dapat meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya kandungan nutrien di tambak. Sisa metabolisme dan pakan merupakan sumber nutrien bagi pertumbuhan fitoplankton di tambak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi produktivitas dan mengidentifikasi jenis fitoplankton pada sistem budidaya intensif udang vaname, Litopenaeus vannamei. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tiga petak tambak budidaya intensif udang vaname di Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Pengambilan sampel air tambak dilakukan pada hari ke-17 dan hari ke-87 masa budidaya masing-masing dua kali setiap petak. Empat parameter lingkungan yaitu total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrat, orthophosphate, total padatan tersupensi (TSS), dan klorofil diukur pada setiap sampel air tambak. Selain itu, kami juga mengidentifikasi dan menghitung fitoplankton pada setiap sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas pada ke tiga tambak berkisar antara 22.893,83 kg/ha sampai 23.600,61 kg/ha dengan ukuran panen 12,74 g/ekor sampai 14,35 g/ekor. Selama masa budidaya, konsentrasi TAN, TSS, dan klorofil meningkat seiring dengan semakin lamanya masa budidaya. Sementara itu, rerata kandungan nitrat dan orthophosphate cenderung menurun seiring bertambahnya masa budidaya. Jenis fitoplankton yang teridentifikasi yaitu dalam genus Oocystis, Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Chaetoceros, Stephanodiscus, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella, dan Ulothrix. Fitoplankton dari kelompok Chlorophyta merupakan jenis yang dominan pada tambak 1 dan 2, sedangkan tambak 3 didominasi oleh kelompok Diatom. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa keberadaan fitoplankton di tambak mendukung ketersediaan pakan alami dan lingkungan yang baik bagi budidaya udang.
Abstract
Phytoplankton is a source of natural feed for shrimp cultivation in the pond. Phytoplankton productivity increases by the increased nutrient content in the pond. Feed and metabolic waste is the sources of nutrient for phytoplankton growth. This study aimed to evaluate productivity and identify phytoplankton at intensive white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation system. This study was conducted at three intensive white shrimp located in Probolinggo, East Java. Samples were collected on the early and the late of culture period (day 17 and 87 after stocking). Four environmental parameters including total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, orthophosphate, total suspended solids (TSS), and chlorophyll-a were measured. Identification and density of phytoplankton were also performed of each pond. The result showed that the productivity of three ponds was 22,893.83 kg/ha to 23,600.61 kg/ha with an average size of 12.74 g to 14.35 g. During culture period, the concentration of TAN, TSS, and chlorophyll-a tended to increase. Meanwhile, the average of both nitrate and orthophosphate tended to decline. Several phytoplankton identified in this study were in the genus of Oocystis, Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Chaetoceros, Stephanodiscus, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella, and Ulothrix. Phytoplankton of the group Chlorophyta is predominance for pond 1 and 2, while pond 3 was dominated by phytoplankton in the group of Diatom/Baccillariophyta. This study indicated that the presence of phytoplankton in the pond provides natural feed and good environmental condition for shrimp cultivation.
The impact of escapees from aquaculture is of general concern for the sustainability of natural resources. Turbot Scophthalmus maximus is a marine flatfish of great commercial value whose land-based aquaculture started approx. 40 yr ago; hence, a low impact of escapees is expected on wild populations. However, enhancement of wild stocks using farmed turbot has been carried out along the Northeast Atlantic coasts in the last decades. Recently, a broad panel of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (755 SNPs; 1 SNP Mb-1) has been used to evaluate the genetic structure of turbot throughout its distribution range, constituting the baseline to evaluate the impact of farmed fish in the wild. Two distinct origins were identified for farmed turbot (F_ORI1 and F_ORI2; FST = 0.049), which differentiated from wild populations after 5 generations of selection (average FST = 0.059), and consistent evidence of adaptation to domestication was detected. A notable proportion of fish of farmed ancestry was detected in the wild (15.5%), mainly in the North Sea, where restocking activities have taken place, determining genetic introgression in wild populations. Conversely, effects of land-based aquaculture appear negligible. A simulation exercise supported panels of 40 and 80 SNPs to identify fishes of F_ORI1 and F_ORI2 ancestry in the wild, respectively. Application to empirical data showed an assignment success (wild/farmed ancestry) of approx. 95% in comparison with the full SNP dataset. The SNP tools will be useful to monitor turbot of farmed ancestry in the wild, which might represent a risk, considering the lower fitness of farmed individuals.
Dan Jessé Gonçalves da MOTA, Josué de MORAES, Carlos NASCIMENTO
et al.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar levantamento da malacofauna límnica encontrada na área de um pesqueiro em Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo - Brasil, no período de julho de 2006 a junho de 2007. Como complementação, foram feitos estudos parasitológicos em parte dos moluscos amostrados. Foram coletados 19.863 moluscos límnicos, representados por seis espécies: Biomphalaria straminea Dunker, 1848; Melanoides tuberculatus Müller, 1774; Lymnaea columella Say, 1817; Pomacea lineata Spix, 1827; Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828 e Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck, 1819. Este pode ser considerado o primeiro relato da ocorrência dessas espécies em pesqueiros de Itapecerica da Serra. Os exames parasitológicos realizados em 5.766 moluscos foram negativos, no entanto, a presença de B. straminea, hospedeiro intermediário do Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 é preocupante. Diante disso, é necessário intensificar a vigilí¢ncia malacológica na região devido í diversidade de coleções hídricas do município, precárias condições de saneamento básico, alto fluxo migratório de pessoas e o relato de casos importados e autóctones de esquistossomose.
Cerca de 17446 sementes de Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1795) foram importadas de Sendai, Japão, transportadas para a região estuarina lagunar de Cananéia (25°05'S; 48°01'W) e distribuídas em duas estações. Após 4 meses de cultivo, os seguintes resultados foram obtidos:
Estação I- Comprimento médio da concha - 3,4 cm
- Altura média da concha -6,4 cm
-Peso médio da concha -15,33 g
-Peso médio da carne -4,6 g
-Taxa de sobrevivência -66%
-Relação C/A -0,53
Estação II- Comprimento médio da concha - 3,6 e
3,7 cm
- Altura média da concha -6,4 cm
-Peso médio da concha -13,54 g
-Peso médio da carne -4,1 g
-Taxa de sobrevivência -68,30%
-Relação C/A -0,56 e
-0,59
De acordo Com os dados obtidos pode-se concluir que a referida região oferece condições favoráveis para o cultivo de Crassostrea gigas.
An ornamental fish parasitological survey of West Bengal, India during the year 2014–16 revealed that goldfish, Carassius auratus, was the most susceptible species for myxozoan infestation. This communication revealed the presence of two myxosporean species belonging to the genera Myxobolus and Thelohanellus. Although myxozoan infestation has been determined by isolating small to large, spherical to ellipsoidal plasmodia up to 0.5–2.5 mm were filled with disporic pansporoblasts and mature spores. M. ichkeulensis and one new species T. dipaki n. sp. have been isolated infecting the ornamental goldfish (Carassius auratus) for the first time in India. In the present study, new host, and new locality for M. ichkeulensis have been reported. The description of M. ichkeulensis is being considered as a first report from India. Spore of T. dipaki n. sp. measures uniquely 13.99 ± 0.60 × 9.82 ± 0.60 μm in size, having a one globular pyriform polar capsule measuring 7.45 ± 0.62 × 5.91 ± 0.39 μm. The severity of newly isolated myxozoan infestation has also been assessed by the histopathological changes of fins of the hostfish. A combination of light and scanning electron microscopic observation along with its severity of infestation, comparison of same and closely related species has been incorporated to identify the new species. The paper deals with the diversity, distribution and taxonomic descriptions of new and known myxozoan species along with new host, locality records and incidence of infestation.