Hasil untuk "Ancient history"

Matthew P. Williams, Christian D. Huber

Julijana Visočnik

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Lucía Díez Rodríguez

Carlo Varotti

The paper analises the historical work of Filippo de’ Nerli (1476-1556), a fervent follower of Medici, who took part in the Orti Oricellari’s meetings. He was friend and correspondent of Machiavelli. Nerli and Machiavelli had very different political ideas, but Nerli seems to have well understood the Machiavelli’s lesson: and he is very proud about it. We can obtain this information from the telling of antityrannical plots in Nerli’s Commentari de’ fatti civili: the plot against cardinal Giulio de’ Medici (1522) and the plot organized by Lorenzino against Alessandro de’ Medici, the first Duke of Florence (1537). In both these cases, Machiavelli’ political lesson becomes a clever interpretation of human action, in witch Nerli reads the recent events of Florentine politics openly using the Machiavellian method: to read ancient history (and the biblical telling too) to define the rules useful to understand events and protagonists of recent historical events.

Tetiana Chaika, Amina Kkhelufi, Kseniia Myroshnyk

An interview of Amina Kkhelufi and Kseniia Myroshnyk with Tetiana Chaika, dedicated to the formation of the idea of an oral history of philosophy.

Clément Cornet, Héloïse Aumaître, Romaric Besançon et al.

Die studies are fundamental to quantifying ancient monetary production, providing insights into the relationship between coinage, politics, and history. The process requires tedious manual work, which limits the size of the corpora that can be studied. Few works have attempted to automate this task, and none have been properly released and evaluated from a computer vision perspective. We propose a fully automatic approach that introduces several innovations compared to previous methods. We rely on fast and robust local descriptors matching that is set automatically. Second, the core of our proposal is a clustering-based approach that uses an intrinsic metric (that does not need the ground truth labels) to determine its critical hyper-parameters. We validate the approach on two corpora of Greek coins, propose an automatic implementation and evaluation of previous baselines, and show that our approach significantly outperforms them.

Christopher M. Graney

This paper provides an overview of recent historical research regarding scientifically-informed challenges to the idea that the stars are other suns orbited by other inhabited earths -- an idea that came to be known as "the Plurality of Worlds". Johannes Kepler in the seventeenth century, Jacques Cassini in the eighteenth, and William Whewell in the nineteenth each argued against "pluralism" based on what in their respective times was solid science. Nevertheless, pluralism remained popular despite these and other scientific challenges. This history will be of interest to the astronomical community so that it is better positioned to avoid difficulties should the historical trajectory of pluralism continue, especially as it persists in the popular imagination.

Thomas Turnbull

This article considers the history of various attempts to derive work from the Mississippi River and its constituent basin. Geographer Élisée Reclus's concept of a `working river' is expanded upon in a series of reflections, meandering thoughts, and direct observations, some of which were made from a canoe. The article considers the Mississippi as an energetic system in which nothing is lost but entropy increases. A single drop of water is followed as it makes its way from the Appalachia to the Gulf of Mexico, as it contributes to the sedimentary record of both natural and human history. The article addresses how such flows were altered by European hydrological beliefs, and how the misguided visions of these same kinds of settlers created today's cyborg watershed. Our journey ends beneath the Gulf, where ancient geological processes of hydrocarbon formation have come to shape the region's fossil-fuelled present. Keywords: Mississipi River, Élisée Reclus, Anthropocene, Natural Rights History

Vitória Ramos, Mariana Reis, Leonor Ferreira et al.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive and irreversible neuronal loss, accompanied by a range of pathological pathways, including aberrant protein aggregation, altered energy metabolism, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Some of the most common NDs include Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s Disease (HD). There are currently no available cures; there are only therapeutic approaches that ameliorate the progression of symptoms, which makes the search for new drugs and therapeutic targets a constant battle. Cyanobacteria are ancient prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs whose long evolutionary history has resulted in the production of a plethora of biomedically relevant compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties, that can be valuable in this field. This review summarizes the major NDs and their pathophysiology, with a focus on the anti-neurodegenerative properties of cyanobacterial compounds and their main effects.

Mike Sharples

John Clark was inventor of the Eureka machine to generate hexameter Latin verse. He labored for 13 years from 1832 to implement the device that could compose at random over 26 million different lines of well-formed verse. This paper proposes that Clark should be regarded as an early cognitive scientist. Clark described his machine as an illustration of a theory of "kaleidoscopic evolution" whereby the Latin verse is "conceived in the mind of the machine" then mechanically produced and displayed. We describe the background to automated generation of verse, the design and mechanics of Eureka, its reception in London in 1845 and its place in the history of language generation by machine. The article interprets Clark's theory of kaleidoscopic evolution in terms of modern cognitive science. It suggests that Clark has not been given the recognition he deserves as a pioneer of computational creativity.

Li Yi

Generating lyrics and poems is one of the essential downstream tasks in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field. Current methods have performed well in some lyrics generation scenarios but need further improvements in tasks requiring fine control. We propose a novel method for generating ancient Chinese lyrics (Song Ci), a type of ancient lyrics that involves precise control of song structure. The system is equipped with a phrase retriever and a phrase connector. Based on an input prompt, the phrase retriever picks phrases from a database to construct a phrase pool. The phrase connector then selects a series of phrases from the phrase pool that minimizes a multi-term loss function that considers rhyme, song structure, and fluency. Experimental results show that our method can generate high-quality ancient Chinese lyrics while performing well on topic and song structure control. We also expect our approach to be generalized to other lyrics-generating tasks.

Kateřina Tomková, Natalie Venclová, Šárka Křížová et al.

Pohřebiště z doby stěhování národů v Záluží u Čelákovic, zkoumané ve 20. a 30. letech 20. století, patří se svými nejméně 100 hroby k největším a nejvýznamnějším lokalitám konce 5. až poloviny 6. stol. v Čechách. To platí také o souboru skla tvořeném 168 korálky a několika dalšími předměty. Chemické složení skel 24 korálků bylo stanoveno pomocí SEM-EDS a LA-ICP-MS. Výsledky těchto analýz prokázaly sodno-vápenaté sklo natronového typu. Významným výsledkem je zjištění, že průsvitná skla patří k tzv. Intermediategroup, teprve zcela nedávno identifikované evropským archeometrickým výzkumem. Složení skel této skupiny svědčí o tom, že jde o sklo recyklované, a v tomto směru korálky ze Záluží přispívají ke studiu recyklací v 1. tisíciletí po Kr. obecně.

Albina F. Myshkina, Inessa V. Iadranskaia

In human culture, since ancient times, fiction has developed as a mirror of time. Therefore, a dual understanding of time is reflected in the poetics of the work: firstly, it is the time that is connected with the narrative and is developed in the plot of the work (artistic time), and secondly, it is the time, the epoch of writing the work itself (historical time). The artistic image of the time is reflected not only in historical genres, but also in all other genres and styles of literature. The historical era of writing a work can be captured in the thoughts and worldview of the characters, in the conflict being developed, the subject matter and the problems involved. The relevance of the study is related to the fact that the tragic periods of history depicted in the work must be analyzed through the worldview and moral standarts of the people. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify the philosophical and aesthetic connection between the artistic time continuum and the historical epoch. The subject of the research in this article is the novelette of the literary scholar and prose writer Georgy Fedorov “Ai, mantaran hir mulkaci” ("Oh, poor hare »). In the course of the study, the following results were obtained: in an artistic and philosophical work, the category of time becomes both a method of deepening the character's personality, and an indicator of the figurative model of the world, and the subject of research.

Theodora Bourni, Mat Langford

We classify convex ancient curve shortening flows in the disc with free boundary on the circle.

Susmita Goswami

The Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra is a valuable treatise of ancient Indian political thought. It reveals the wisdom of the great master of Indian polity. Though there is a constant debate on its authorship and date of composition among the historians but at the same time it projects the foresight of the mastermind to understand the art of government of early period of Indian history. Apart from its political and economical leanings, it presents a panoramic view of social life and cultural aspects of Indian people. In this article I Start my journey to find out the different aspects of employability of women as revealed in the Arthaśāstra. Was there any scope of employment for the women of the upper class of the society? Did the state provide any security to the working women? Second urbanization made some changes in social, economical and political sphere of ancient India. Did it make any positive change in the life of working women? In the upcoming pages we will try discuss all the issues related to women employment. Hope it will help to open a new path of social studies.

Fabio Falchi

I describe a simple method to calculate Earth dimensions using only local measurements and observations. I used modern technology (a digital photo camera and Google Earth) but the exact same method can be used without any aid, with naked eye observations and distances measured by walking, and so it was perfectly accessible to Ancient Greek science.

Theodora Bourni, Mat Langford, Giuseppe Tinaglia

We show that the only convex ancient solutions to curve shortening flow are the stationary lines, shrinking circles, Grim Reapers and Angenent ovals, completing the classification initiated by Daskalopoulos, Hamilton and Sesum and X.-J. Wang

Takeshi Hirai

An overview of the history of projective representations (= spin representations) of groups, preceded by the prehistory of studies on the theory of quaternion due to Rodrigues and Hamilton. Beginning with Schur, we cover many mathematicians until today, and also physicists Pauli and Dirac. This is a self translation of Appendix A of my book "Introduction to the theory of projective representations of groups" in Japanese, 2018, Sugakushobo, and may serve as an introduction to our paper arXiv: 1804.06063 [math.RT] which will appear in Kyoto J. Math.

Daniel Parrochia

One usually refers the concept of Feynman path integral to the work of Norbert Wiener on Brownian motion in the early 1920s. This view is not false and we show in this article that Wiener used the first path integral of the history of physics to describe the Brownian motion. That said, Wiener, as he pointed out, was inspired by the work of some French mathematicians, particularly Gateaux and Levy. Moreover, although Richard Feynman has independently found this notion, we show that in the course of the 1930s, while searching a kind of geometrization of quantum mechanics, another French mathematician, Adolphe Buhl, noticed by the philosopher Gaston Bachelard, had himself been close to forge such a notion. This reminder does not detract from the remarkable discovery of Feynman, which must undeniably be attributed to him. We also show, however, that the difficulties of this notion had to wait many years before being resolved, and it was only recently that the path integral could be rigorously established from a mathematical point of view.

S. Brendle, K. Choi

A well-known question of Perelman concerns the classification of noncompact ancient solutions to the Ricci flow in dimension $3$ which have positive sectional curvature and are $κ$-noncollapsed. In this paper, we solve the analogous problem for mean curvature flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$, and prove that the rotationally symmetric bowl soliton is the only noncompact ancient solution of mean curvature flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$ which is strictly convex and noncollapsed.