Hasil untuk "Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities"

Modjadji M. Leshabane, Nishanee Rampersad, Khathutshelo P. Mashige

Background: Vision impairment (VI) services aim to mitigate the effect of VI and provide opportunities for visually impaired individuals to actively participate in their daily activities. Objectives: To determine optometrists’ perceptions regarding VI services in public hospitals within Limpopo province, South Africa. Method: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted between January and August 2023 across 37 public hospitals, using a structured questionnaire. Data obtained from the participants’ responses were analysed to describe the level of VI services. Results: The study sample included 65 optometrists with 71% female, yielding a response rate of 83%. Over 90% of the participants were aware of the World Health Organization definition of VI. The majority of participants (54%) reported referring patients with VI to a hospital multidisciplinary team, while less than 50% provided optimal spectacle correction. The main barriers to providing VI services were: the lack of assistive devices (97%), and equipment (95%), poor access (80%), insufficient space (66%), and the lack of training (66%). The primary barriers to the uptake of VI services were the lack of awareness (86%) and the cost of VI services (80%). Conclusion: The provision of VI services in Limpopo province is currently limited. The factors contributing to the limited VI services are avoidable; therefore, efforts to enhance the availability of equipment, access and provision of comprehensive VI services are crucial to improving the quality of life for affected individuals utilising public hospitals in Limpopo province. Contribution: The study describes the optometrists’ perceptions of VI services in public hospitals.

Yamna Mazher, Marwa Muslim, Hassan Shahid Dar et al.

Abstract: Background: Proprioception is the body's ability of sensing the position, movement, and alignment of its joints and limbs. The ACL is rich in proprioceptive fibers, an injury to this ligament, impairs knee function and neuromuscular control, leading to poor coordination. Incorporating proprioception assessment and training in ACL rehabilitation is essential for restoring function and preventing future injuries. Objective: To determine knee joint proprioception in loaded and unloaded position among patients after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital (GTTH), targeting patients who had undergone surgical reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. The total study duration was six months, covering the period from June 2023 to December 2023. Using a non-probability purposive sampling technique, a total of 74 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. A goniometer was utilized to evaluate joint position sense in both loaded and unloaded positions. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The result showed that the mean age of participants was 27.79 ± 5.03. Knee flexion in weight bearing position was 30 degrees and maximum range was 44 degree with mean of 34.89 ± 4.21 whereas minimum knee flexion in non-weight bearing was 30 degree and maximum was 45 degree with mean of 33.68 ± 4.35. Conclusion: Statistically significant difference was found in knee joint proprioception between loaded and unloaded position among patient of ACL reconstruction. Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Knee Joint, Proprioception, Weight-Bearing

Tapson Mashanyare, Tendayi Clotilda Garutsa, Kiran Odhav

Although Zimbabwe has made significant progress regarding the development of a policy framework that caters to the needs of people with disabilities through various pieces of legislation, such as the Disabled Peoples Act (DPA), ratifying the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and adopting a new Constitution which has provisions for disability rights, people with disabilities in Zimbabwe are yet to benefit from these policies, as they are not fully implemented. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 youth aged between 18 and 35 with disabilities, and 5 key informants in Gweru, to analyze their perceptions regarding the disability policy framework in Zimbabwe. Most of the youth with disabilities lacked knowledge on the various policies regarding disabilities. This was attributed to poor implementation of such policies and a general negative attitude of society towards disability rights. Youth with disabilities are not fully benefiting from the current disability policies due to a lack of knowledge and some implementation gaps. The participants suggested full implementation of such policies and involvement of youth with disabilities in policy formulation and implementation.

Chrisma Pretorius

No abstract available.

Vicente Martínez-Tur, Estreder Yolanda, Tomás Inés et al.

Background Customized employment (CE) has gained increasing acceptance, yet solid empirical evidence still needs to be provided. The Spanish government, through the Ministry of Inclusion and “Plena inclusión España” (a major NGO representing individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Spain), tested the effects of CE in Spain. As the research team, we actively participated in this CE evaluation and described the results in the present study. Objective To test the effects of CE on the employment and inclusion of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (hereafter in this abstract, “participants”). Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial. A total of 232 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (CE), while 203 were assigned to the control group (using services as usual). Participants and supporting professionals reported Employment and inclusion indicators at three-time points: baseline, mid-term, and final. Results Mixed factorial repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that CE improves employment outcomes (number of jobs and paid hours worked per week), reduces pessimism about the likelihood of finding a job, and enhances inclusion indicators. Despite the positive effects of CE, challenges remain. For instance, although CE facilitated employment, the overall percentages were still low—20% of the intervention group obtained employment, compared to just 10% in the control group. Conclusion Despite ongoing challenges, CE is confirmed to be a valuable strategy for improving these outcomes.

Mshari Alghadier, Reem Albesher, Reem Basoudan

The study of children’s disability has gained significant attention worldwide due to its impact on individuals, families, and societies. As a rapidly developing country, Saudi Arabia has also witnessed an increased interest in understanding and addressing children’s disability. This review paper aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scientific research focused on children’s disability in Saudi Arabia. The analysis aims to identify the publication trends, research topics, influential authors, and critical collaborations within this domain. A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search terms used were related to children’s disability and Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2022, written in English, and focusing on children’s disability research in Saudi Arabia. The retrieved articles were analyzed using bibliometric techniques, including co-authorship analysis, journal analysis, and keyword analysis. The bibliometric analysis revealed a growing interest in children’s disability research in Saudi Arabia over the past two decades. A total of 1050 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The analysis showed an increasing number of publications over time, indicating the expanding focus on this research topic. The key research areas identified included assessing and diagnosing disabilities, interventions and therapies, educational support, and social inclusion of children with disabilities. The analysis also identified prominent researchers and institutions contributing to this field. The bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific research landscape on children’s disability in Saudi Arabia. It highlights the increasing attention and research efforts in this area. The findings emphasize the importance of continued research in understanding the challenges faced by children with disabilities and developing effective interventions and support systems.

Paulina Tsvetkova, Carla Sousa, Daniel Beiderbeck et al.

Advancements in Assistive Technologies (ATs) have significantly improved the quality of life and autonomy for people with intellectual disabilities and autistic individuals, enhancing education, social interaction, employment, and mental health. Nevertheless, several barriers still emerge in the daily implementation of such technologies, highlighting the need to explore them in depth. Using a two-round Delphi method, we conducted a research study with an expert panel of 284 participants from 31 European countries, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. We tested ten future-oriented projections and gathered insights on participants’ backgrounds and attitudes towards ATs for this demographic. To enhance representation, experts from academia, service providers, industry, and disability organizations, as well as individuals with disabilities and their families, were included. Although the findings show strong consensus among experts on the positive impact and desirability of ATs for promoting the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities and autistic individuals, they also reveal differing perceptions across expert groups and identify two distinct future scenarios linked to different cultural, social, and economic hindrances. In this sense, our study provides diverse global perspectives, with the potential to help governing bodies understand the expectations, concerns, and needs related to ATs for often underrepresented groups–people with intellectual disabilities and autistic individuals in this case.

Qamar Mahmood

Humaira Shamim Kiyani

Ayesha Basharat, Muhammad Mustafa Qamar, Misdaq Batool et al.

Background: Satisfaction is a positive and pleasurable emotional state promoted by an appraisal, and putting perfection into work is a topic that received the attention of many researchers in different fields. Objective: A connection exists between job dimensions, stress, and satisfaction at the workplace, but there is an absence of a theory that provides a conceptual understanding of these connections. The correlation between occupational exhaustion, stress, and satisfaction was investigated to find a link between different factors in the workplace that may affect productivity among physical therapists in different working environments. Methods: : Cross-sectional study ruled out work factors that create negativity or positivity at the workplace. A job exit questionnaire was used for data collection, including questions regarding different aspects of job interpretation for stress and satisfaction, and a perceived stress scale was used to measure stress levels.  Open-epi software was used for sample size calculation. Two hundred physical therapists from various private and government clinical settings were chosen. Using the purposive sampling technique, the total number of respondents interviewed was 200, out of which 100 were from government sectors, and 100 who worked in private sectors. Working experience of physiotherapists was decided >5 years as inclusion criteria to test the potential of professional growth in terms of satisfaction. Results: 97±2% of physical therapists had completed and submitted the questionnaire. 57% have 7±1.5 years of working experience. There is a direct relation between Job exhaustion with stress r = 0.56, and stress is inversely related to satisfaction r = -0.42. 79% of Physiotherapists in the public sector found their occupation less stressful than physiotherapists working in the private sector. Productivity score was high in govt employees. It was determined that the promotion system based on qualification, skill, and seriousness in work positively affects the work performance. Conclusion Physiotherapists working in the public sector are more satisfied with their job’s nature, working environment, and occupation than those working in the private sector. Keywords: Psychological Stress, burnout, Satisfaction, Job/occupation, Physical Therapist

Iqbal Tariq

Miguel Llorca Llinares, Josefina Sánchez Rodríguez, Talía Cristina Morillo Lesme et al.

Esta investigación que presentamos pretende profundizar en las señales de alarma más frecuentes de los niños y las niñas diagnosticados con TEA, atendiendo a su nivel de desarrollo lingüístico. Para ello, analizamos los resultados obtenidos de una muestra de 142 niños y niñas evaluados en los cinco últimos años en el Servicio de Psicomotricidad de la Universidad de La Laguna. El instrumento utilizado es el ADOS-2 y para realizar el análisis estadístico hacemos uso del SPSS. Las conclusiones obtenidas hacen referencia a la ausencia de lenguaje durante los 3 primeros años de vida y a un aumento del porcentaje de sujetos con lenguaje adquirido a partir de esta edad; al escaso uso de la mirada, poco uso de la expresividad facial y gestualidad limitada en la interacción social; o la falta de respuesta cuando se les llama por su nombre solo en sujetos carentes de lenguaje, como algunas de las características más evidentes en las personas con TEA. En general, las variables en interacción social están más estrechamente relacionadas entre sí que en el resto de los ámbitos evaluados.

Leticia Blázquez Arribas, María Isabel Calvo Álvarez, María Begoña Orgaz Baz

La autodeterminación es una característica disposicional que se pone de manifiesto cuando la persona tiene cierto control sobre su propia vida. Se adquiere a lo largo de la vida en interacción con el entorno, de ahí la importancia de evaluar los factores contextuales que pueden influir en ella. El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer las publicaciones de los últimos años que han investigado los factores contextuales que pueden influir en la autodeterminación de jóvenes estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual. Se analizan diecinueve artículos y dos tesis doctorales publicados durante el periodo 2015-2020. Todos ellos utilizan una metodología cuantitativa, excepto dos trabajos que utilizan una metodología cualitativa. Los estudios señalan resultados dispares respecto a las variables personales, como el género, la edad o el CI de los participantes. Respecto a las variables escolares, se consideran las diferencias entre la educación ordinaria y la educación especial; sin embargo, los apoyos educativos adquieren mayor significación en la promoción de la autodeterminación. En definitiva, las estrategias utilizadas en el aula y los apoyos individualizados influyen en la autodeterminación de este colectivo.

Muhammed Minhaj, Binoy Mathew

Objectives: Shin pain is a broad term used to describe lower leg pain. It is commonly seen in the athletic/sports population. Various conditions have been claimed to produce leg pain, and muscle herniation is one of these conditions. Muscle herniation is the protrusion of muscle through a defect in the overlying fascia. Although such herniation is common, it is often an underdiagnosed condition in the lower extremity. It usually occurs in athletes, especially in the anterior compartment of the leg, as a result of trauma or due to muscle hypertrophy secondary to strenuous exercise. Herniation diagnosis depends on its clinical presentation as it appears as a palpable soft tissue bulge through a fascia defect; radiological findings are used to confirm the diagnosis. Conservative treatment should be the initial approach, and surgery can be performed if conservative treatment fails. Methods: We present a case of symptomatic anterior lower leg pain, initially diagnosed as a psychosomatic disorder by two orthopedic physicians. However, tibialis anterior hernia in this patient was confirmed after physical examination by a physiotherapist and subsequent referral for ultrasonographic evaluation to a radiologist. The patient underwent an 8-week course of conservative treatment under the supervision of a physiotherapist. This treatment significantly improved the patient’s pain and function. Results: After eight weeks of conservative treatment using Minhaj protocol for Tibialis Anterior hernia, the patient has reported improvement in pain (reduction of score from eight to two on the NPRS scale) and function. The patient returned to his previous level of physical activity following eight weeks of rehabilitation. Discussion: Tibialis anterior hernia should be considered a differential diagnosis in chronic leg pain with palpable soft tissue protrusion. Conservative treatment can be chosen as the primary approach.

Younes Doostian, Bahman Bahmani, Ali Farhoudian et al.

Objectives: The present review study aimed at investigating the vocational rehabilitation of individuals with drug dependence disorders.  Methods: Based on the research method, a comprehensive search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, ProQuest and Google Scholar. All keywords synonymous with vocational rehabilitation and substance abuse were considered in search. Then related studies with vocation rehabilitation were selected and included in the study. Results: Job is a protective and major factor in effective treatment, and ignoring vocational counseling and rehabilitation leads to a significant defect in addiction treatment.  Discussion: Individuals receiving vocational services along with drug abuse treatment would experience reduced drug abuse and a more productive life.

Mohammad Al-Rashaida, Juan Francisco López-Paz, Imanol Amayra et al.

BACKGROUND: Vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs have previously been evaluated using classical measures (such as the percentage of successful disabled consumers who are served by an agency). However, recent evaluations of VR programs have emphasized the need to examine levels of consumer satisfaction with such programs, as it is important to indicate what factors affect the satisfaction of people with disabilities (PWDs). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of existing studies on factors impacting PWD satisfaction with VR programs. METHODS: We conducted a search of the electronic databases PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost (period: 1972–2016) supplemented by a search for additional relevant articles by means of cross-referencing. In total, 50 studies were selected, coded, and analyzed by three coders into three overarching themes. RESULTS: The analysis of extant studies shows that PWD satisfaction level with VR programs is affected by three main variables: counselor characteristics, VR services, and center features. CONCLUSION: Satisfaction is a key way of practically evaluating VR services; it contributes to improving the effectiveness and quality of such programs and enhances the effectiveness of work methods used by VR centers, particularly in relation to PWDs. The implications for VR practice and suggestions for future research are provided.

María JIMÉNEZ RUIZ, Benito ARIAS MARTÍNEZ, Henar RODRÍGUEZ NAVARRO et al.

<p>Nowadays it is common to speak of inclusive classrooms without providing evidence of the true meaning of the term. In this paper we propose to present the process of development and validation of the ACOGE scale whose objective is to evaluate the quality of school classrooms to address diversity from an inclusive approach. In the development process we have used quantitative and qualitative analysis procedures in the following phases: (1) construction of a pool of items based on the theoretical construct and previous research; (2) consultation with expert judges in inclusive education; (3) organization of discussion groups with education professionals: center directors, teachers of early childhood education, compensatory education and therapeutic pedagogy; and (4) pilot scale. The results allowed establishing a theoretical frame of reference from which to build the scale according to the postulates offered by the literature and the experience contributed by the professionals of the education. We provide evidence of content validity based on the Educational Inclusion construct through observable indicators associated with quality inclusion and provide guidance on the usefulness of the scale for teachers.</p>

Secretaría de Redacción SIGLO CERO

Albert CENTELLAS COMELLAS, Pedro JURADO DE LOS SANTOS

Describimos el análisis del proceso de inclusión de un alumno con trastorno grave de conducta en un aula de educación primaria, desde la actuación docente y la dinámica que en el contexto ocurre, que se centra en las prácticas docentes con relación al proceso de aprendizaje, así como las barreras que afectan al proceso de aprendizaje. Se plantea el estudio de caso como el procedimiento óptimo para la consecución de los objetivos. La aplicación de la entrevista a los docentes, la utilización de datos eminentemente cualitativos y la correspondiente plasmación de resultados permite observar/concluir que: las prácticas docentes se caracterizan por una actuación docente individualizada, carente de coordinación con otros agentes, orientada a la enseñanza; disfuncional con relación a los objetivos de aprendizaje; las actitudes hacia el trastorno grave de conducta se manifiestan mediante la justificación de falta de recursos para su atención, como un mecanismo retórico sobre la propia actuación; y el papel del contexto como consuetudinario en la satisfacción de necesidades educativas. Las barreras que afectan al aprendizaje se asocian al rol docente y al papel del contexto y organización educativa.

Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad, Emily Piven, Bahareh Zeynalzadeh Ghoochani et al.

Objectives: Mirror therapy is a unique treatment with a touch of modality that is purported to improve the motor function of the affected limb in individuals with hemiplegia. Previous studies have focused on the neuro-physiological factors underlying the mechanism of the clinical effect of this technique. The present study aims to understand the mechanism using the rehabilitation method and neuro-occupation model as well as analyze the effects of mirror therapy on the upper limb function of subjects with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: Single subject design known as withdrawal design was used by a convenience sample of four subjects. The study involved three observational phases known as baseline, treatment, and withdrawal phases that took place during a 10 week period. The study contained a home-based mirror therapy protocol whereby the participants were instructed to do some exercises on a daily basis. The improvement of the hand function of the hemiplegic side was examined by Box and Block test along with two more activities including Threading Beads and Stacking Rings. Results: The ability to perform the Box and Block test, Threading Beads, and Stacking Rings tended to remain steady in the baseline phase, whereas there was a noticeable improvement during the treatment phase and a decline in the withdrawal phase. Discussion: From the perspective of visual feedback neuro-occupation model, it could be hypothesized that alterations to the sensory system caused by the mirror reflection of non affected hand may have led to the destabilization of the sensory cortices that changed the participants&rsquo; intention, meaning, and perception, thereby improving the subject&rsquo;s motor control.&nbsp;