Sajid Shah, Syed Hamid Hussain Madni, Siti Zaitoon Mohd Hashim
et al.
Abstract The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is revolutionising manufacturing and production of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by enhancing efficiency and product quality. While developed countries like the USA, UK, Canada, Finland, and Japan have widely adopted IIoT, developing nations such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Malaysia are still lagging. This study explores IIoT adoption in manufacturing SMEs, emphasising its potential for economic growth despite challenges like budget constraints and skill gaps in developing countries. It presents a novel model based on 17 factors from the TOEI (Technology, Organization, Environment, and Individual) framework to support decision‐makers in integrating IIoT technologies. The model’s reliability and validity are confirmed through rigorous testing and a survey of three SMEs. This proposed model serves as a roadmap for SMEs, breaking down complex processes into manageable steps, and providing SMEs with a structured approach.
Public engagement with science has become a prominent area of research and effort for democratizing science. In the fall of 2020, we held an online conference, Public Engagement with Science: Defining and Measuring Success, to address questions of how to do public engagement well. The conference was organized around conceptualizations of the publics engaged, with attendant epistemic, ethical, and political valences. We present here the typology of publics we used (volunteer, representative sample, stakeholder, and community publics), discuss the differences among those publics and what those differences mean for practice, and situate this typology within the existing work on public engagement with science. We then provide an overview of the essays published in this journal arising from the conference which provides a window into the rich work presented at the event.
Florin Gabriel Florean, Andreea Mangra, Marius Enache
et al.
A considerable number of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems continue to depend on fossil fuels like oil and natural gas, contributing to significant environmental pollution and the release of greenhouse gases. Two V-gutter flame holder prototypes (P1 and P2) with the same expansion angle, fueled with pure hydrogen (100% H<sub>2</sub>) or hydrogen–methane mixtures (60% H<sub>2</sub> + 40% CH<sub>4</sub>, 80% H<sub>2</sub> + 20% CH<sub>4</sub>), intended for use in cogeneration applications, have been designed, manufactured, and tested. Throughout the tests, the concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and NO in the flue gas were monitored, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed. The CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, respectively, and NO emissions gradually decreased as the percentage of H<sub>2</sub> in the fuel mixture increased. The NO emissions were significantly lower in the case of prototype P2 in comparison with prototype P1 in all measurement points for all used fuel mixtures. The shortest recirculation zone was observed for P1, where the axial velocity reaches a negative peak of approximately 12 m/s at roughly 50 mm downstream of the edge of the flame holder, and the recirculation region spans about 90 mm. In comparison, the P2 prototype has a length of the recirculation region span of about 100 mm with a negative peak of approximately 14 m/s. The data reveal high gradients in flow velocity near the flow separation point, which gradually smooth out with increasing downstream distance. Despite their similar design, P2 consistently performs better across all measured velocity components. This improvement can be attributed to the larger fuel injection holes, which enhance fuel–air mixing and combustion stability. Additionally, the presence of side walls directing the flow around the flame stabilizer further aids in maintaining a stable combustion process.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
Conspiracy theories represent one of the phenomena of today's modern information society. They have occurred in human society in every historical period. They are nothing new, but in the 21st century, they have experienced an unprecedented boom, which is undoubtedly related to the rapid development in the field of communication and information technology, the expansion of the Internet, the massive use of social networks and the quick exchange, spread and sharing all kinds of information. For many years, conspiracy theories stood outside the mainstream interest of academics and scientific institutions. Only in the last few years has the situation changed, and initiatives have attempted to build a theoretical framework and conceptualize this construct. For this reason, we decided to contribute to current research in the field of conspiracy theories through this work and, using the relevant qualitative theoretical scientific research methods, to participate in clarifying this increasingly frequent phenomenon in modern human society.
Kanat Tireuov, Salima Mizanbekova, Gulsim Aitkhozhayeva
et al.
The agrarian reform in Kazakhstan substantially changes the approach to creating the competitive entities of the agro-industrial complex that is part of agricultural policy leading towards food security and sustainable development. Transition to innovative development triggers an active search of instruments engaging private equity and allowing, at the same time, the most practical combination of interests of the state and entrepreneurial structures. As such tool, the mechanism of public-private partnership is considered. The article's authors explore the specifics of the development of public-private partnerships (PPP) in the economy of Kazakhstan, especially in agriculture. In this research, the authors identified factors that affect the development of public-private partnerships in sustainable development conditions. The authors also analysed different interpretations of the public-private partnership and discussed the peculiarities of its use. The experience of the development of public-private partnerships in other countries is considered. The paper offers analytical material that characterises Kazakhstan's public-private partnerships development level. The conclusion is made about the need for active development of PPP in the agriculture of Kazakhstan.
The article describes the possible impact of modern technological changes (disruptive technologies, digitalization, and automation) on regional development in Russia based on the patterns of geography of innovations and previous trends. The rates of non-resource growth over the past twenty years have been higher in those regions where inventive activity, intensity of R&D expenditures, share of researchers and employees with higher education were higher, but the same relationship cannot be traced with the intensity of the use of advanced production technologies (automation) and the availability of the Internet. During the declared pandemic in Russia in 2020, patent activity in the vast majority of regions decreased, the processes of production automation slowed down, but digitalization accelerated in terms of internet access and the development of online commerce. The creation of disruptive technologies is still concentrated in large cities and super-regions due to agglomeration effects, knowledge spillovers and concentration of human capital. But the effects of their introduction and distribution can be differentiated. In the leading regions with high proportion of creative professionals and entrepreneurs, development may accelerate, in old industrial regions, automation will increase the risks of temporary unemployment and inequality. For the least developed territories, the lack of digitalization potential and lack of highly qualified personnel may further worsen the situation.
M. H. Widianto, Nathasia Florentina Thejowahyono, Seto Benson Handoyo
Today, the technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) experiencing ongoing development can be said to be very rapid. Various office equipment and even city pages have been integrated with the internet. In addition to technological developments also occur in the mirror, smart mirror technology is one of the new things, especially in the field of learning, still in traditional technology where mirrors are only used for mirroring. The use of mirrors in education is not yet desirable, so there is a need for innovation in that field. Some studies have involved microcontrollers such as raspberry pi that have been applied to mirrors, where innovation through mirrors is becoming more and more. So that the innovations carried out on the Smart Mirror using mirrors of homes, offices and pages that have a scheduling automation system, turn on video, music, face recognition and control using Android. Students and lecturers need this technology to increase student involvement. The Smart Mirror in this study gave students and lecturers a variety of intelligent experiences. Students and Lecturers can innovate in teaching and learning activities by making changes to their control (Android). In this research has succeeded in creating a new smart mirror innovation with facial recognition needed for students and lecturers to be used for daily teaching and learning activities, especially in the university area in Bandung.
Abstract This introductory chapter defines urban systems design as a novel approach to shaping smart cities by integrating urban design, system science, and digital technologies. The question of what new urban form would emerge from the smart cities movement is discussed. Propositions of the space of flow and cities of flows as new spatial logics of organizing cities are reviewed, under the impacts of the information and communication from 1990s to the Internet of Things (IoT) from 2010s. It introduces the intellectual legacy of urban design and system science and elaborates their theories that are facing new challenges of urban technological innovations such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, urban automation, and IoT. This chapter concludes with four possible models of urban systems design: urban sensing systems as a human interactive model, data-driven urban design as a normative model, urban metabolism as a functional model, and Geodesign as a procedure model.
on a number of examples, the significance and need for the introduction and development of “smart homes” in Russian cities are revealed. This paper describes the development of architecture, new innovations and technologies, modern materials. All this can significantly improve the lives of everyone, especially the life of older people and people with disabilities. Remote control and automation of devices, by expanding existing functionalities, such as heating control, by increasing safety, or by providing assistance services by means of monitoring, warning and detecting health problems, is undoubtedly a technological breakthrough. Also, much attention was paid to the use of innovative intellectual materials to improve environmental sustainability, economic efficiency and safety. New technologies and high-performance materials are being developed to meet these needs, offering creative and innovative solutions to long-standing problems that are especially negative for the environment. The study will discuss and analyze the integration of smart materials, technology and architecture, which promises to transform architectural thought so that we can hardly imagine it today.
Adrian Koenig, F. Schockenhoff, Alexander W. Koch
et al.
Autonomous driving leads to a change in mobility as we know it today. New possibilities of use cases and technological innovations are changing the vehicle concept. Besides improving safety and traffic flow, automation also leads to greater design freedom and higher energy requirements. Furthermore, the customer and user will often no longer be identical. This leads to changed properties that are needed as input for concept development. In this paper, we are performing an initial analysis of the ratio of increasing auxiliary energy consumers in comparison to total energy consumption in order to point out possible changes in the autonomous vehicle concept and package. In addition, we investigate the influence of different driving cycles on the distribution of energy demand to demonstrate that the application of an autonomous vehicle has a significant influence on the concept design. Last, we present our methodology for the analysis of adaptations and potentials in the vehicle concept of autonomous vehicles.
The purpose of this paper is to approach the issue of taxation of robotic process automation (RPA) through an interpretive lens provided by both Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Both scholars have affected the understanding and attitudes of generations of economists, and their ideas have considerable influenced modern economic policy. It will be argued that Smith and Marx have much to offer to help contemporary economists understand the taxation of RPA, and their writings on machines, automation, and their impact on the human labor force will be discussed from their primary texts.,The paper interprets the works of Marx and Smith in relation to contemporary debates on automation, particularly, proposals to tax technological innovations to offset the social costs of automation’s displacement effects.,In the case of Adam Smith, there is not enough evidence to suggest that he would support a specific taxation of RPA; however, he very well might agree with a modest taxation of capital goods. Marx would very likely support a taxation in the short-run, however, would be inclined to caution that the ownership of robots should in the long run be transferred to society.,This paper uses primary texts from the discipline of history of economic thought to spark a discussion about compensating the externalities of technological innovation.