Hasil untuk "Statistics"

E. Ward, C. DeSantis, A. Robbins et al.

Peter Bhlmann, S. Geer

Wes McKinney

R. Bakeman

F. N. David, E. Gumbel

B. Barber, J. Lyon

Sarah H. Landis, Taylor Murray, Sherry Bolden et al.

Jonathan M. Jacobson, Cara H. Olsen, J. Rice et al.

J. Mendel

J. D. T. Oliveira, J. Galambos

R. S. Lipt︠s︡er, Alʹbert Nikolaevich Shiri︠a︡ev

L. Mclean, J. Guilford, B. Fruchter

R. Iyer, J. Magnus, H. Neudecker

A. Thrift, T. Thayabaranathan, G. Howard et al.

A. Willis

Understanding the drivers of microbial diversity is a fundamental question in microbial ecology. Extensive literature discusses different methods for describing microbial diversity and documenting its effects on ecosystem function. However, it is widely believed that diversity depends on the number of reads that are sequenced. I discuss a statistical perspective on diversity, framing the diversity of an environment as an unknown parameter, and discussing the bias and variance of plug-in and rarefied estimates. I argue that by failing to account for both bias and variance, we invalidate analysis of alpha diversity. I describe the state of the statistical literature for addressing these problems, and suggest that measurement error modeling can address issues with variance, but bias corrections need to be utilized as well. I encourage microbial ecologists to avoid motivating their investigations with alpha diversity analyses that do not use valid statistical methodology.

K. Smith, M. Smith

Z. Caplova, Petra Švábová

Abstract IBM SPSS Statistics (“Statistical Package for the Social Sciences”) is a software used for the statistical analysis, data management, and data documentation. This short chapter introduces the SPSS software, including an overview of its capabilities. Topics such as data preparation, data import, options of parametric and nonparametric statistical tests, export and editing of statistical results, and creation of charts and tables are covered.

J. Magnus

A. Panova

J. Devore, K. Berk