Hasil untuk "Social sciences (General)"

H. Moed

Cheng Guo, Meng Li, Hong Chen

Due to climate, resource endowment, planting habits, policy publicity, subsidies, and constraints, there have been many problems in the utilization of straw resources in the cold, main grain-producing areas in northern China. Based on the theory of value perception, an analytical framework was constructed, and the ordered logistic model was used to form an empirical analysis of the questionnaire data of more than 60 townships in 7 cities of Heilongjiang Province, trying to analyze the problems existing in the utilization of straw resources. The results show that the external factors include policy subsidy, policy punishment, and transportation convenience. Among the internal reasons, farmers’ personal characteristics, production habits, and perception of technical effectiveness and convenience have a significant impact on the application of straw resource utilization technology. Therefore, improving the intensity and precision of subsidies, strengthening the intensity of punishment, improving the popularization of technology, strengthening the ideological education of farmers to clarify the ecological value of straw resource utilization, and strengthening the construction of infrastructure to improve the convenience of transportation are effective means to promote straw resource utilization technology and promote the green transformation of agriculture.

Shiguang Peng, Le Wang

The compensated withdrawal of rural homesteads can revitalize idle land resources, which is of significant importance for both farmers and rural development in China. Drawing upon data from the China Land Economic Survey 2022, this study uncovers the impact of participation in social security on farmers’ willingness of homestead withdrawal, as well as its mediating factor. The main conclusions are as follows. First, participation in social security can increase farmers’ willingness of homestead withdrawal. This conclusion has passed robustness tests. Second, facilitating entrepreneurial activities is an important mediating factor through which participation in social security increases the willingness of homestead withdrawal. Third, rural entrepreneurship training and finance accessibility can both have a positive moderating influence on the positive relationship between participation in social security and the willingness of homestead withdrawal. Fourth, for farmers who experienced significant negative events in their households, the enhancing effect of social security participation on their willingness of homestead withdrawal is diminished, while for farmers engaging in farmland transfer-out, the enhancing effect of social security participation on their willingness of homestead withdrawal is strengthened. This study provides policy implications for China in promoting the exit of rural farmers from homesteads through social security policies, thus achieving rural revitalization.

Carlos Cabanzo, Favio Cala Vitery, Ingrid Fonseca

This study aims to analyze the influence of the discourse of international organizations on university social responsibility (USR), from international organizations, in the policy and management frameworks of the State University System in Colombia. Then, we reviewed institutional documents of global and regional organizations, as well as educational policy documents from higher education institutions. Using Atlas Ti. 23 software, our findings indicate that universities adopt the models proposed by international organizations with different approaches. The policy and management frameworks, aligned with François Vallaeys’“impact” perspective, emphasize the importance of tangible results. Seven of the universities studied articulate a well-defined USR policy, with most integrating it into extension and outreach processes. We conclude that USR should be related to education, initiative integration, management, research, organizational culture, and management indicators. We recommend further studies on how USR policies are integrated in higher education institutions.

Shahid Mahmood, Asifa Iqbal, Amel Ali Alhussan et al.

Abstract This study investigates the pivotal role of political stability, good governance, and institutional support in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 11, and 12 in Pakistan, an emerging economy. SDG 7 deals with affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all, SDG 11 deals with sustainable cities and communities and SDGs 12 promotes sustainable consumption and production patterns. The data was collected using a quantitative method from various sources, including the Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives, the Ministry of Climate Change, the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, and various NGOs involved in issues such as renewable energy, sustainable cities, and responsible consumption. The collected data was analyzed by using SMART PLS. This study concludes that political stability serves as the foundation for achieving sustainable development goals. It has been observed that the implementation of good governance, which includes principles of transparency, accountability, and public participation, significantly enhances the effectiveness of policies aimed at achieving these SDGs. More specifically, sufficient financial resources and appropriate physical infrastructure are identified as key factors in addressing challenges related to Pakistan’s sustainable development goals. Policymakers should also prioritize investments in sustainable infrastructure projects that align with SDGs 7, 11, and 12, such as investing in renewable energy sources, sustainable urban development, and promoting responsible consumption and production practices.

Muhammad Attique Khan, Usama Shafiq, Ameer Hamza et al.

Abstract Deep learning has significantly contributed to medical imaging and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), providing accurate disease classification and diagnosis. However, challenges such as inter- and intra-class similarities, class imbalance, and computational inefficiencies due to numerous hyperparameters persist. This study aims to address these challenges by presenting a novel deep-learning framework for classifying and localizing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases from wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) images. The proposed framework begins with dataset augmentation to enhance training robustness. Two novel architectures, Sparse Convolutional DenseNet201 with Self-Attention (SC-DSAN) and CNN-GRU, are fused at the network level using a depth concatenation layer, avoiding the computational costs of feature-level fusion. Bayesian Optimization (BO) is employed for dynamic hyperparameter tuning, and an Entropy-controlled Marine Predators Algorithm (EMPA) selects optimal features. These features are classified using a Shallow Wide Neural Network (SWNN) and traditional classifiers. Experimental evaluations on the Kvasir-V1 and Kvasir-V2 datasets demonstrate superior performance, achieving accuracies of 99.60% and 95.10%, respectively. The proposed framework offers improved accuracy, precision, and computational efficiency compared to state-of-the-art models. The proposed framework addresses key challenges in GI disease diagnosis, demonstrating its potential for accurate and efficient clinical applications. Future work will explore its adaptability to additional datasets and optimize its computational complexity for broader deployment.

Kaige An, Xiaowei Wang, Zhenning Wang et al.

This paper aims to clarify the intricate relationships between technological innovation, transportation industry development, and CO2 emissions to facilitate a positive synergy among technology, the economy, and climate, advancing the fulfillment of the ‘double carbon’ goal. Utilizing panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2020, we employ the panel vector autoregressive model using a generalized method of moments to empirically examine the dynamic interactive effects between these participants. The findings reveal that the transportation industry significantly promoted the inhibitory impact of technological innovation on CO2 emissions. However, such reductions cannot counterbalance the rise in emissions from the transportation industry. Moreover, its effects varied significantly across regions. Specifically, transportation industry development within eastern China contributed to a shift in the local carbon emission effects from positive to negative under the positive influence of technological innovation. In the northeast, the transportation industry enhanced the inhibitory effect of technological innovation on CO2 emissions. In contrast, across the western region, industrial development in transportation intensified the role of technological innovation in promoting CO2 emissions. Furthermore, this work found that CO2 emissions notably diminished the CO2 reduction performance of technological innovation in the eastern part and enhanced this performance in the northeastern region. These findings further revealed the complex interplay between technological innovation, the transportation industry, and CO2 emissions. They offer insights for policymakers to tailor region-specific technologies to bolster the ‘dual carbon’ goal and sustainable transportation development strategies, thereby achieving CO2 reduction.

Ryszard Pankiewicz

Recenzja książki

Bassey Andrew Ubong

In the contemporary global landscape, the advent of information and communication technology has interconnected societies, fostering increased civic engagement. Notably, social media platforms, a manifestation of this technological innovation, play a vital role in political discourse, drawing active participation from politicians, political parties, and their supporters. However, the utilization of these platforms in the context of electoral campaigns, particularly in nations like Nigeria, has raised concerns due to the dissemination of political information carrying adverse repercussions. This study delves into the examination of the public's perceptions regarding hate speech on Facebook during Nigeria's 2023 general elections. Employing a survey research strategy and leveraging convenient sampling, data were collected from residents within the geographical scope of Kwali Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. The research framework drew upon the public sphere theory to elucidate its core objectives. Findings underscored the prevalence of hate speech on Facebook during the 2023 elections, attributing it to factors such as financial inducements, conspiracies, lack of citizen journalist training, religious interests, and sectional, tribal, and political influences. Notably, Facebook emerged as a platform for disseminating speeches that fueled animosity toward politicians, tribes, religions, and sections, instigating widespread antipathy without substantial knowledge of the targeted individuals or candidates. The research also highlighted the use of Facebook for insults, harassment, and the propagation of divisive narratives, contributing to tribal and religious conflicts, heightened tensions, attacks, disparities, and internal discord. This study's implications suggest a potential undermining of Nigeria's democratic progress. As a remedy, the study advocates for the responsible and positive use of social media platforms by users, especially during critical events such as elections.

Jingwen Li, Ke Jing, Myroslav Khimich et al.

Grain supply chain transportation problem is a nontrivial and intractable issue for many developing countries. Grain as a bulk commodity is usually transported by bulk carriers. By taking into account the special condition of Ukraine, we proposed the containerized grain supply chain transportation optimization problem. In this problem, the sustainable supply chain system delivers grains in containers among primary elevators, intermodal yards, and port container terminals. Then, a containerized grain transportation model was developed to minimize the total cost of the sustainable supply chain system. Specifically, 20-foot containers were proven as more reasonable to be used in this paper. We also considered different transportation tools: trucks that can load one 20-foot container, trailers that can load two 20-foot containers, and wagons that can hold two 20-foot containers. Additionally, a disruption model was proposed by considering different disruption scenarios. Based on an analysis of the simulation results, some cost minimization strategies were proposed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis that aimed to analyze the effect of the proposed strategies on the minimal total cost and sustainability of the supply chain was conducted. The main conclusions drawn from the simulation are that the established food supply chain model is meaningful and accurate, and the incorporation of the disruption model aligns with practical requirements. Additionally, an increase in intermodal yard capacity, truck park size, and wagon park size decreases the total cost of the supply chain. The first two have a positive effect on the sustainability of the supply chain, while the latter increases the disruption risk of the supply chain.

Mohammed Mamun Rashid, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, Azlinda Azman

Carlos Sola Ayape

José Elguero Videgaray fue uno de los hispanistas mexicanos más destacados de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Abogado por formación, aunque periodista por oficio y vocación, cultivó el ejercicio de la palabra impresa en infinidad de artículos publicados en importantes periódicos de la época, como El País o Excélsior. Su pluma no aceptó ataduras y, por ello, acabó padeciendo la experiencia del exilio en varias ocasiones. De este periodista, escritor y académico michoacano, que vivió el régimen porfiriano y las primeras décadas de la revolución mexicana, versará el presente artículo con vistas a alcanzar un acercamiento a su desconocida trayectoria de vida.

Ya Yang, Lichao Xiu, Xuejiao Chen et al.

Abstract This study aimed to examine the influence of emotional media information on information-processing mechanisms in the current post-truth era. A cognitive conflict monitoring and evaluation (CCME) model was proposed to explore news audiences’ attention and implicit attitudes. The study had a 2 (information type, emotional vs. neutral) × 2 (condition, compatible vs. incompatible) × 3 (electrode position: Fz vs. Cz vs. Pz) design, and an implicit association test (IAT) was administered, with event-related potential (ERP) data collected. The results revealed that emotional information evoked different information-processing mechanisms than neutral information. First, in the early conflict-monitoring stage, emotional information altered arousal, and more attentional resources were allocated to semantic processing. Second, in the late evaluation stage, the lack of attentional resources (due to prior allocation) reduced the late-stage evaluation of the target stimuli by participants. Thus, in this post-truth era, attentional resources may be exhausted by processing emotional information in unnecessary media cues irrelevant to facts, inducing early cognitive conflict and prolonged late-stage evaluation of news articles.

Jiang Minglin, Haiping Ren

The risk assessment of power transformer equipment can not only improve the safety and management level of transformer operation, but also reduce the operation and maintenance costs of the equipment on the basis of ensuring the overall reliable operation of the power system. As a result, it can enhance the rewards of assets investment. The quantitative analysis of power equipment risk often contains qualitative indicators that are difficult to quantify. These indicators have the characteristics of fuzziness. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of risk assessment results, this paper proposed a new risk evaluation method based on intuitionistic fuzzy set. Firstly, language variables are transformed into corresponding intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Secondly, a novel entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy set is established. Thirdly, a weighting method for determining each expert’s importance is proposed based on the new propose entropy. Furthermore, an extended preference selection index is put forward under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Finally, an example of the risk assessment of power transformer components is discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the new risk evaluation method.

J. Guy Lalande

Wahida Anjum, Sarfraz Mahmood, Zainab Qazi et al.

Purpose: Postgraduate medical students or residents are candidates who gain rigorous specialized training in any field of medical science. The study attempted to explain how work-life fit and perceived social support minimize burnout in public hospital general surgery units. Method: Explanatory, cross-sectional, and quantitative research methods were employed. A questionnaire was administered to 120 respondents using purposive sampling. Besides reliability and validity testing, inferential statistics were used to evaluate data and test hypotheses. Principal Findings: Work-life fit and perceived social supports affect emotional tiredness in responders. However, perceived social support and emotional weariness outweigh work-family balance and emotional exhaustion. Burnout is predicted by the number of children, gender, work-life balance, work-life interference, and personal life interference. Implications: The current study helps us understand the process that affects the professional efficacy of medical professionals. Despite their high cognitive capacity, they were victims of depersonalization, emotional tiredness, and burnout. Therefore, it is crucial to successfully address surgeon burnout to enhance patient care. Novelty: The study has novel findings for exploring the link between work-life balance, social support, and burnout in the cultural settings of Pakistan. It was not comprehensively investigated in our traditional healthcare system which is lacking in internal and external rewards therefore a complete investigation of the matter is required. Thus, these findings will enrich scientific understanding to further study these topics.

Despoina Spyropoulou

European museums (of ethnography) and the material culture under their custody — a large portion of which was collected by the soldiers, explorers, and professional looters of the colonial era — are increasingly confronted by formerly colonized countries and Indigenous communities demanding the repatriation of their cultural patrimony. In this context, more and more ancestral human remains become the protagonists of their descendants’ concerted efforts to bring them back home and offer them a reburial. Recognized as having been brought to Europe and its museums primarily as specimens for the racial theories that scientifically abetted the colonial agendas of power and control, these bones now find themselves at the center of the contemporary scenario of Europe’s — delayed — reckoning with its colonial past. From an anthropological point of view, the current potential for repatriation to their native lands (and their capacity to acquire a ‘repatriatable’ status) should not be pinned down to singular meanings. Indeed, from their long museum sojourns and their unfolding repatriation adventures to their troubling stories of colonial acquisition, the reclaimed remains seem to condense diverse temporalities. Analytically speaking, this paper suggests that the bones’ ‘repatriatable status’ does not entail their entrapment within a discursive system of binary oppositions, but their emergence as social persons that could be paralleled to other classical person-like ‘things’ in anthropology: the art objects of Alfred Gell, or the Maussian gift. Through such a theorization, the repatriatable remains are empowered to teach us that the social dramas around their potential return are not necessarily about the infliction of closure, but the activation of incessant cycles of reciprocity. Repatriation then, can be narrated otherwise: not as a story of resolution, but as one of irreducible ambiguity.

Luciana Chávez-Santana, Carla Ruiz-Mafé, Rafael Curras-Pérez

En los últimos años, los destinos turísticos están agregando las redes sociales a sus prácticas tradicionales de marketing. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los antecedentes de los usos y gratificaciones derivados de la participación en Facebook y sus efectos actitudinales y comportamentales en el consumidor turístico. El modelo de esta investigación presenta dos tipos de antecedentes de los usos y gratificaciones: Vinculados a la personalidad (altruismo y sociabilidad) y afines a la interacción individuo-tecnología (identidad social y presencia social). Entre las consecuencias de los usos y gratificaciones se analiza la interacción con la red social (stickiness y like), la actitud hacia un destino turístico y la intención de visitarlo. La recogida de información se hizo mediante un cuestionario online, con muestreo de conveniencia, con una muestra de 190 participantes ecuatorianos residentes en Europa. Los resultados muestran que las dimensiones de los usos y gratificaciones de la participación de Facebook que tienen mayor relación con sus antecedentes (altruismo, sociabilidad, identidad social y presencia social), son la búsqueda de compañía y la creación de relaciones. Se concluye, que los usos y gratificaciones de Facebook influyen de forma positiva en la actitud hacia el destino e intención de visitarlo.

A. Cohen

P. Craig, Paul Dieppe, Sally J Macintyre et al.