Hasil untuk "Religion (General)"

Ana Paula Giardini Pedro

RESUMO No século XV, pontífices, senhores seculares e homens de poder italianos, imbuídos do desejo de restaurar a dignidade que outrora caracterizou a antiga Roma, identificavam as virtudes de liberalitas e magnificentia como instrumentos de legitimação política. No entanto, contavam com disposição territorial e financeira tanto mais estreita que aquela de pregressos impérios. Nesse contexto, Leon Battista Alberti, vislumbrando incitar investimentos edilícios e profícuas relações de mecenato a arquitetos, identifica em valores antigos a chave para essa complexa questão: a dignificação da arquitetura e do artífice para construção de registros sempiternos do ‘bom governo’. Em seu De Re Ædifcatoria, o humanista prescreve a excelência da arte fundada na concinnitas, que perpassa a ratio mediocritatis e cinge os preceitos vitruvianos de decor e symmetria descritos no De Architectura. Assim, este artigo propõe compreender como ambos os tratadistas, cada um a seu modo, demonstram que o valor excelso da Arquitetura, alcançado pela sollertia ingenium guiada pela reflexão doutrinal, ultrapassa a preciosidade vulgar de investimentos suntuosos. Assim, conferindo auctoritas a obras que fizessem presente dignitas e honestas no reconhecimento visual, mesmo com investimentos parcimoniosos.

Krondorfer Björn, Tolstaya Katya

Is it possible to bring into conversation two different traumatic legacies that occurred in the twentieth century in Europe? How can we engage in productive conversation about two totalitarian systems that repressed, incarcerated, dehumanized, and murdered people deemed enemies of the state or unworthy of living? These were some of the challenging questions addressed in the roundtable symposium “Holocaust***Gulag: Repressing, Rescuing, and Regulating Recalcitrant Legacies.” The symposium aimed at addressing specific aspects of the difficult and painful histories of the Holocaust and the Gulag, and to probe how these long-lasting legacies intrude into contemporary society, culture, religion, and politics.

Matthias Gegenwart

This paper analyses, if the Intertemporal Guarantee of Freedom, that was developed by the German Federal Constitutional Court (GFCC), can be used to expand the protection of human rights against the harms of climate change. The case of the Swiss Senior Women shows that there are jurisdictions, where the Intertemporal Guarantee of Freedom could be applied to improve standing and the control standard of states’ climate change action. Within international law bodies with jurisdiction over human rights treaties there are distinctive standards of protection against the harms of climate change. A major deficit within the international human rights protection against climate change lies within the focus on the positive obligations and the corresponding wide margin of appreciation granted to the states. The Intertemporal Guarantee of Freedom could provide a protection expansion in this regard, especially in the case of the European Court of Human Rights. It could also enable and legitimise present human rights concerns focused on the future actions of states following their past inaction. One considerable hurdle that is not addressed by it are procedural hurdles like the Plaumann formula applied by the European Court of Justice. The Intertemporal Guarantee of Freedom cannot solve major problems for climate change litigation like procedural hurdles. Yet, it can provide a new approach for complaints to address unambitious mitigation legislation which will lead to future human rights infringements.

Feyza Demir Çiçek

Bu çalışma Armand Maurer'in Ortaçağ Felsefesi isimli eserinin Nicolaus Cusanus bölümü tercümesidir. Nicholas Krebs, Nicholas of Kues olarak da anılan Cusanus, Rönesans hümanizminin ilk savunucularından on beşinci yüzyıl Alman filozofu ve teoloğudur. Maurer'in adı geçen eserindeki "Nicholas of Cusa" bölümü Cusanus felsefesinin genel bir özeti mahiyetindedir.

Ali Yeganeh, Ahmad Kamrani Far, Mohammad Reza Gholi Zadeh

Abstract:Although by the end of the first century AD the Mediterranean Sea had become a purely Roman sea, in later periods following the rise of the Sassanid, as they sought to reclaim the lands of their ancestors, this empire's confrontation with Byzantium became inevitable. By developing and consolidating their dominance over the political-commercial sphere of the Persian Gulf, Sassanid held an important part of the main transportation and trade axes of the ancient world. This was while on the borders of the other two areas, namely from Mesopotami to the eastern shores of the Mediterranean and the general area of the Caucasus, with their aggressive policy, they had a serious competition with the Byzantines, which was to get the main home, the conflicting ligaments.This research intends to deal with the main causes and factors of the Iran-Byzantine conflict between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf by descriptive-analytical method. In order to answer this question, the geopolitical and commercial-economic importance of the disputed areas is discussed. It will also show how the geopolitical position of these lands led the two great powers of that time into a series of land and sea battles.

Young Niki

Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) is a contemporary form of realism concerned with the investigation of “objects” broadly construed. It may be characterised in terms of a metaphysical pluralism to the extent that it recognises infinitely many different kinds of emergent entities, and this fact in turn leads to a number of questions concerning the nature of objects and emergence in OOO: what is the precise meaning of an emergent entity in OOO? How has emergence been denied throughout the history of Western thought? Is there a specific object-oriented account of emergence? What is the causal mechanism which provides the conditions of possibility for the generation of emergent entities? In this article, I aim to answer all these questions by constructing the first extensive account of real emergence in the context of Object-Oriented Ontology, and I also seek to tie this analysis to the notion of “vicarious” or indirect causation.

Jelson Roberto de Oliveira

O objetivo desse texto é demonstrar a importância da amizade de Paul Rée para Nietzsche no momento crucial de seu rompimento com as teses schopenhaurianas e wagnerianas e de produção de sua obra Humano, demasiado humano. Essa influência está ligada ao projeto de combate aos idealismos presentes na filosofia metafísica, na religião cristã e na arte romântica. A “arma” desse combate se chama “réealismo”, cuja expressão, como se verá, está ligada a uma prática filosófica que articula a teoria darwinista da seleção natural às análises psicológicas e às idéias evocadas pelos moralistas franceses no que diz respeito à natureza humana. Identificado por Nietzsche como um “espírito livre”, Rée é mantido no âmbito de uma amizade ambígua, mas fecunda, até o distanciamento decisivo motivado pela crítica nietzschiana ao altruísmo e à falta de questionamento da necessidade de fundamentação da moral – expediente que, posteriormente, será caracterizado como genealógico, por sua pergunta sobre o valor da própria moral.

Shamionov R.M.

Objectives. The study the commitment to social activity and its various forms in relation to the risk propensity characteristics of students with different types of subject regulation of behavior. Background. The problem of social activity of students as a sphere of their socialization and establishing connections with various social groups and society as a whole is analyzes. One of its most important components is the question of the subject regulation of social activity. It is assumed that depending on the type of subject regulation (Autonomous or Dependent), students prefer various forms of social activity, implement socially-oriented activity, and show the specifics of risk-taking. Study design. The paper analyzes the level indicators of adherence to different forms of social activity of students, depending on the type of their subject regulation; a typological analysis of risk propensity and uncertainty experiences in students with Autonomous and dependent types of subject regulation; the hypothesis of direct and indirect effects of autonomy on General and socially-oriented activity using structural modeling. Participants. The study involved 297 full-time students (36% men), average age M=21; SD=2.74. Measurements. The scale for the assessment of various forms of social activity, feelings of uncertainty with a dimension of from 1 to 5, the method of evaluating component and composite index of socio-oriented activity (R.M. Shamionov, M.V. Grigorieva), a questionnaire of autonomy-dependence (G.S. Prygin), a questionnaire of tendency to extreme and risky behavior (M. Zuckerman). Results. Students with an Autonomous type of subject regulation are more committed to leisure, socio-political, and civic activity, while students with a dependent type are more committed to protest activity. Socially-oriented activity is more attractive to students with an Autonomous type of subject regulation. Students with an Autonomous type of regulation are characterized by higher indicators of non-adaptive striving for difficulties, with a Dependent type-indicators of searching for new impressions and experiencing uncertainty. The continuous indicator of (Autonomous) subject regulation has a direct impact on variations in socially-oriented activity, and indicators of risk propensity are moderators of a direct causal relationship, respectively, of autonomy to socially-oriented activity and age to the overall activity of students. Conclusions. Students with Autonomous and Dependent types of subject regulation are characterized by specificity in their commitment to various forms of activity and their attitude to risk. The causal relationship of subject regulation on variations of socially-oriented activity is established.

Yves Krumenacker

Cato Wittusen

Sammendrag Denne artikkelen diskuterer Alejandro González Iñárritus installasjon Carne y Arena (Virtually present, Physically invisible) fra 2017 i lys av Stanley Cavells ontologiske undersøkelser av filmmediet. Installasjonens VR-sekvens reiser filosofiske spørsmål når det gjelder våre forestillinger om nærvær og fravær. Cavells filosofiske undersøkelser, som tok utgangspunkt i filmen som et analogt medium, er relevante for å undersøke opplevelser muliggjort av nye digitale audiovisuelle teknologier.

Hedgar Lopes Castro

A retórica é uma questão central no Górgias de Platão. Por meio da discussão com três de seus praticantes, Sócrates visa definir o objeto da retórica, qual a sua relação com a justiça e com a felicidade dos cidadãos da pólis. A partir do diálogo entre Sócrates e os três oradores, que sempre partem da dóxa para falar ou discursar, intento evidenciar como essa instância relaciona intrinsecamente os cidadãos e os oradores, tanto na vida na pólis como no governo político. Os exames socráticos das afirmações e crenças retóricas, contidos ao longo do Górgias, são úteis para apresentar o rumo de seus discursos e como eles não se comprometem com a Justiça e com o Bem na vida política e ética da pólis. Esse compromisso, estando ausente, deflagra a ameaçadora relação entre oradores e cidadãos.

Beatriz Eugenia Contreras Tasso

Nous nous référerons dans cet article à la mémoire de l’homme, incarné et historique, déterminé par les médiations spatio-temporelles et exposé aux dilemmes éthiques que doit affronter l’ipséité dans sa capacité d’accueillir l’autre telle que la définit Ricœur. Notre réflexion vise la mémoire inquiétée par des médiations propres à la condition existentielle et corporelle du soi moderne, dans un contexte d’ébullition culturelle et technologique. Un tel contexte a en effet des conséquences qui affectent aussi bien l’identité personnelle et collective, que l’exercice des capacités du soi agissant et souffrant – et tout spécialement celui de sa mémoire. Nous examinerons la dimension tant réceptive que dynamique de la mémoire exposée aux fragilisations qui affectent l’identité narrative humaine, en déterminant ses pouvoirs qui laissent des traces au niveau de la conscience et du corps. Nous terminerons enfin notre réflexion par une analyse des effets volontaires et involontaires qui mettent en question la capacité même de la mémoire, en influant sur l’imagination et sur la réponse éthique du soi.

Inayatul Ulya

This article analyzes the importance of the use of popular culture as a method in the study of Islam within the cosmopolitan muslimah lifestyle phenomenon, particullary in the contes of  Putri Muslimah Indonesia (Miss Muslimah Indonesia). The use of popular culture method to understand the real intension of hijab observerance;wether for the purpose observing sharia or just follow the present trend, or religious capitalisation. The Observerance of sharia commonly interpreted by wearing of the so-called sharia clothing. Because wearing sharia  clothing (hijab syar’i) as the symbol of religious piety and secondly, emphasizing that sharia in this case  always adaptive in any circumstances as long as it doesn’t violate the basic teaching of sharia, as the present demand of muslimah lifestyle is expressed in various way, one of them is the trend of hijab syar’i. Third, the utilization of religious symbol to generate economic profit. Various events such as the contes of  Putri Muslimah Indonesia (Miss Muslimah Indonesia) as important booster for muslim fashion industries to gain huge profits by targeting large market of stylist cosmopolitan muslimah. Thus, the element of religious capitalization is much more visible than spreading the true spirit of Islamic teaching.

Eric eLorentz, Tessa eMcKibben, Chelsea eEkstrand et al.

The automaticity of reading is often explored through the Stroop effect, whereby color-naming is affected by color words. Color associates (e.g., ‘sky’) also produce a Stroop effect, suggesting that automatic reading occurs through to the level of semantics, even when reading sub-lexically (e.g., the pseudohomophone ‘skigh’). However, several previous experiments have confounded congruency with contingency learning, whereby faster responding occurs for more frequent stimuli. Contingency effects reflect a higher frequency-pairing of the word with a font color in the congruent condition than in the incongruent condition due to the limited set of congruent pairings. To determine the extent to which the Stroop effect can be attributed to contingency learning of font colors paired with lexical (word-level) and sub-lexical (phonetically decoded) letter strings, as well as assess facilitation and interference relative to contingency effects, we developed two neutral baselines: each one matched on pair-frequency for congruent and incongruent color words. In Experiments 1 and 3, color words (e.g., ‘blue’) and their pseudohomophones (e.g., ‘bloo’) produced significant facilitation and interference relative to neutral baselines, regardless of whether the onset (i.e., first phoneme) was matched to the color words. Color associates (e.g., ‘ocean’) and their pseudohomophones (e.g., ‘oshin’), however, showed no significant facilitation or interference relative to onset matched neutral baselines (Experiment 2). When onsets were unmatched, color associate words produced consistent facilitation on RT (e.g., ‘ocean’ vs. ‘dozen’), but pseudohomophones (e.g., ‘oshin’ vs. ‘duhzen’) failed to produce facilitation or interference. Our findings suggest that the Stroop effects for color and associated stimuli are sensitive to the type of neutral baseline used, as well as stimulus type (word vs. pseudohomophone). In general, contingency learning plays a large role when repeating congruent items more than incongruent items, but appropriate pair-frequency matched neutral baselines allow for the assessment of genuine facilitation and interference. Using such baselines, we found reading processes proceed to a semantic level for familiar words, but not pseudohomophones (i.e., phonetic decoding). Such assessment is critical for separating the effects of genuine congruency from contingency during automatic word reading in the Stroop task, and when used with color associates, isolates the semantic contribution.

M. Alie Humaedi

<p>In each disaster response done by volunteers, sometimes there are emerging issues<br />of religious dissemination and the volunteers are expulsed because of breaching the<br />local values. The use of mosque and local leaders are also supposed to have such <br />issues. Inmanycases, the framework of interfaith and local culture sperspectiveis <br />often forgotten. The issue is how to implement of humanitarian activity based on the<br />interfaith and local cultures perspective? This is a qualitative research using in-depth<br />interviews, observation, focus group discussions, and documentation insix locations.<br />Those locations that found the basis of humanitarian activity, particularly in the role<br />of mosques and the development of the effectiveness of local leaders, as well as have<br />reliedon interfaith and the local culture perspective. This theoretical construction<br />can be apart of  the strategic formulation and code of conduct for humanitarian<br />organizations when dealing with communities from different religions  and  cultures..</p>

Ekaterina Ignatovich

The article in question is concerned with the possibilities of overlapping of the conceptual fields of the contemporary psychoanalysis and postmarxism. The common foundation of the both theoretical discourses is the anti-essentialist attitude. E. Laclau, as one of the most prominent postmarxiit thinkers, proposes the thesis of “Impossibility of Society”, which implies that society as a discursive formation is based upon its immanent antagonism, inherent limit, which constitutes ideological statements about the fullness and completeness of the social. Very similarly sound the assertions of S. Žižek, the most acknowledged follower of J. Lacan, namely, that both on the subject's level and on the society's one we have to do with symbolic compensations, which are condensed around certain impossible traumatic experience – “the kernels of the Real”. The article examines these ways of rethinking and reformulating of such established notions as “unconscious”, “symptom”, “ideology”, “hegemony” and so on, actually the way of providing a quite different theoretical language, which respond adequately to the dislocating effects of the contemporary post-industrial society.

Huma Jabeen, Fouzia Naeem Khan

Societies comprise of different economic elements. According to the rule of nature, every individual is endowed with qualities and privileges, which set him/her apart from the other person. In order to overcome the inequalities, a society trains individuals to think as a collective whole. Understandably, if one behaves selfishly, then cooperation between individuals becomes impossible. Hence, certain practices of general benevolence exist in almost every society which is intended to provide a helping hand to the less fortunate. This is referred to as Philanthropy - the original Greek meaning of “love of mankind”. This word is often used as the embracive term for voluntary action for the public good. Philanthropy becomes an essentially contested concept when it is seen as a struggle between mercy and justice, between relief and development, between the alleviation of suffering and the reform of social institutions. Through the conducted study, we have tried to identify and examine the trends and approaches that exist in our society and the perception of a common man related to this noble act, which is an integral part of our religion and culture.

Antonio M. Navas Gutiérrez

Este artículo nació del deseo general de encontrar una explicación razonable a la actual escasez de vocaciones a la vida religiosa o al presbiterado, con preocupación tan insistente en estos momentos en los países del mundo desarrollado. La primera pista me la dio una intervención del P. Pedro Arrupe ante la Unión de Superiores Generales el 30 de Mayo de 1974. Al leer las consideraciones que consideró pertinentes, citaba un artículo del P. Karl Rahner, de cuatro años antes, en que abordaba el mismo tema, centrado en este caso en el posible futuro de la Compañía de Jesús. Estos datos, junto con la exhortación apostólica Vita Consecrata, me movieron a presentar mis propias consideraciones sobre el tema.

Marko Zlomislic

Contemporary French philosophers such as Levinas, Bataille, and Derrida, along with the existentialists Kierkegaard and Nietzsche have all made use of Franciscan insights in order to safeguard the ipseity that cannot be reduced or totalized. In keeping with the taste that concerns me, this paper will examine Derrida’s turn to the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins and how such a turn may place Derrida within a catholic and Franciscan tradition.