Carolina Cristina Moreira de Oliveira, Adriana Ventola Marra, Samara de Menezes Lara
Os indivíduos que adquiriram alguma deficiência física tendem a ser mais propensos à necessidade do trabalho. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral deste estudo é compreender os sentidos construídos sobre o trabalho para cadeirantes com deficiência adquirida. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa em que foram entrevistados, em profundidade, sete sujeitos dentro deste perfil. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os sentidos relacionados ao trabalho foram agrupados em: garantia de segurança, independência e autonomia; fonte de satisfação; eficiência e condução de resultados; manutenção da ocupação e sentimento de utilidade; construção de relações sociais positivas; moralmente aceitável e contribuição social; ocupação de espaços e representatividade social; negação do estigma de incapacidade e inclusão efetiva. Concluiu-se que os sentidos do trabalho para os cadeirantes estão ancorados, não apenas no caráter instrumental, mas também nas questões de ocupação de espaços, de utilidade social e de quebra do capacitismo.
On the fields of the “Great Game” another party of confrontation between the two main world civilizations — maritime and continental, the successors and followers of the Anglo-Saxons (USA) against the Eurasian continental power (Russia) is unfolding. This is not the first batch and, alas, not the last. The confrontation originates from the struggle for control over the Mediterranean Sea in the distant 18th century between Russia and the British Empire, which started the “Great Game” with the Maltese party in September 1800. UK-British Empire-then USA vs. Russia-Russian Empire-Soviet Union-Russian Federation. In total more than 220 years. The game continues.Aim. The aim of the study is to solve the scientific problem of determining the national interests of Russia in the modern version of the “Great Game”.Tasks. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks are solved: to identify the geopolitical and economic components of Russia’s national interests within the regional space of the modern version of the confrontation and to determine the possibilities for realizing these interests.Methods. This paper uses the methodological tools of spatial economics and the theory of new economic geography, which makes it possible to combine geopolitical and economic (geo-economic) imperatives in a localized space when coordinating joint activities. The action takes place in the southwestern borderlands of Russia and covers the waters and lands of the Azov basin and the Northern Black Sea region, as a “prefield” to ensure Russia’s maritime access to world markets via the southern route.Conclusions. The conclusions of the study are that essentially two strategic tasks are being solved in this region — establishing control over communications and energy resources on the basis of coordinating Russia’s military and economic activities in the waters and on the coast of the Azov and Black Seas in order to ensure the “connectivity” of the country’s territory with southwest. Initially, the conflict was based on the struggle for control over energy resources and, first of all, natural gas and communications for the delivery of the latter to the West, which seems to be very problematic in modern conditions. However, this is the reason for the continuation of the “Great Game”.
The article is devoted to the analytical analysis of data reflecting significant economic problems in the organization of spatial development of the Russian Federation, expressed in a significant sectoral imbalance. The problems of the development of individual regions in the processes of digital transformation of the Russian economy are actualized. In addition, the paper reveals the content of the concept of “spatial-sectoral structure” based on the theoretical and methodological guidelines of the theory of regional economics. Attention is focused on the influence of digital conditions on individual economic processes in the region that form a single digital space.
Lely Syiddatul Akliyah, H. Hindersah, Muhammad Hanif Fikri
Ciletuh Geopark Tourism Area (UNESCO Global Geopark Ciletuh Palabuhanratu) is now one of the main tourist attractions in the Sukabumi Regency, West Java province of Indonesia. The geopark area is in the Ciemas District. Based on the Regional Spatial Planning of the Sukabumi Regency, the Ciemas District is designated as the center of the agricultural sector activities for paddy rice plants in the Sukabumi District. Through the development of tourism activities, Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark will undoubtedly threaten the rice farming sector in the area. In the disruption era, as technology changes, information and knowledge become more accessible. The development of these tourism activities will grow faster in Ciemas District, causing many changes, especially in physical space and regional economics. One change would be in the rice fields in this area, which has been transformed into built-in land in villas, inns, and homestays. If this is allowed, then the function of the sustainability of agricultural activities in the Ciemas District will be threatened. For this reason, control efforts are needed so that paddy fields that must be maintained do not change function quickly. This study analyzes the land use and land cover for paddy fields in Ciemas District. The method of this study is the quantitative method. The analytical methods include population projection, ArcGIS analysis, and Land Potential Index. The findings contribute to supporting the development of tourism while maintaining food security. The results indicate that there are protected areas from being prioritized, which are not prioritized for paddy fields, can be used for the development of tourism activities. Thus, this can be used as a source for the government to make policies for fulfilling food requirements and developing tourism activities in the region.
Purpose ― The global pandemic COVID-19 has attracted considerable interest from researchers globally. However, there is very little systematic work on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the local stock markets. This paper proposes a complex network method that examines the effects of global pandemic COVID-19 on the Pakistan stock market to fill in these gaps.
Methods ― Firstly, correlograms are plotted to inspect the correlation matrices of the overall and two sub-sample periods. Secondly, correlation threshold networks and topological properties are examined for different threshold levels. Finally, this paper uses evolving MSTs to construct a dynamical complex network and presents dynamic centrality measures, normalised tree, and average path lengths.
Findings ― The findings show that COVID-19 related certainty and crisis lead to low volatility and a star-like structure, resulting in a quick flow of information and a strong correlation among the Pakistan stock market.
Implication ― This analysis would help investors and regulators to manage the Pakistan stock market better. In addition, the comprehensive study solely on the Pakistan stock market will be helpful for Pakistan government officials and stock market participants to assess and predict the risks of the Pakistan stock market associated with the global pandemic COVID-19.
Originality ― This paper addresses both classes of the networks. To the best of our knowledge, the static and dynamic evolution of the Pakistan stock market around the global pandemic COVID-19 has not been performed yet.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
Elena G. Kovalenko, Tatyana M. Polushkina, Olga Yu. Yakimova
et al.
Introduction. Dynamic economic growth and improvement of the quality of life of the population throughout the country are the priorities of the state policies in modern Russia. Differences in natural and climatic conditions, sectoral specialization of the economy, and infrastructural constraints have caused the differentiation of interregional and intraregional socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. The current measures of state regulation and support for the regions do not provide for overcoming inequality. Based on the results of the research conducted, the article formulates proposals on substantiation of tools that take into account the features of territories and the ways of their self-development.
Materials and Methods. The research on inequality of municipalities was conducted on the basis of data from the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Mordovia, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Entrepreneurship of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as from reports and strategic documents of municipalities. The empirical material was processed using the methods of comparison and grouping. The level of inequality of municipal territories was identified, which made it possible to substantiate the main directions and tools for their development.
Results. An assessment of the socio-economic state of the municipal districts of the Republic of Mordovia has been carried out and the level of their differentiation has been revealed with the calculation of variation indicators; the administrative and territorial units have been grouped according to the demographic situation, the differences between them and the possibilities of self-development of each of the selected groups have been analyzed.
Discussion and Conclusion. The tools to overcome inequality have been identified, taking into account the features of the municipalities, which require adjustments to municipal strategies for socio-economic development until 2025 and formulation of a concept for the spatial development of the Republic of Mordovia. Recommendations for activating some of the existing tools and developing new ones have been put forward. The results obtained can be used by local governments when updating the priorities for the development of territories and the applied tools of the economic mechanism of strategic management.
Russia’s transition to innovative development is required to ensure the sustainable competitive growth. At the same time, the share of the high-tech sector in innovation costs today is about 15 %. The study suggests ways to improve the system of innovation management in Russian regions. Analysis of modern theories on the organisation of regional innovation processes confirmed a hypothesis that innovation management should consider the regional innovation ecosystem as one of the key sustainable growth institutions. A proposed ecosystem approach states that regional innovation ecosystems in the context of globalisation depend on the coordinated goals of socio-economic and innovative development, differentiated approaches to their construction, sustainable flows of knowledge and technology, diversity and competition of participants. The research determined such priority directions of the state policy as the recognition of the lack of alternative to innovative development; creation of conditions for high-tech industries outside the established business structures; increase in budget research and development (R&D) expenditures; strengthening of self-organisation of science; stimulation of horizontal interactions between science and business. The presented differentiated approach to innovative strategies of Russian regions considers their production and technological specialisation, as well as the state of science and higher education. A described methodology for selecting the most promising regions for innovative transformations is based on a comparison of the values of the author’s indices for the development of scientific and educational space and high-tech industries. The calculations show that, in addition to Moscow, Moscow oblast and Saint Petersburg that are already at the centre of the country’s innovation system, regions occupying the first 10–15 positions in the constructed rating (Nizhny Novgorod, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk oblasts, Republic of Tatarstan, etc.) can also become local innovation centres. The obtained results can be used in the state innovation management of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work and age are key drivers of health and inequalities in life chances. To maximise health and wellbeing across the whole population, we need well-coordinated action across government sectors, in areas including economic, education, welfare, labour market and housing policy. Current research struggles to offer effective decision support on the cross-sector strategic alignment of policies, and to generate evidence that gives budget holders the confidence to change the way major investment decisions are made. This open letter introduces a new research initiative in this space. The SIPHER ( Systems Science in Public Health and Health Economics Research) Consortium brings together a multi-disciplinary group of scientists from across six universities, three government partners at local, regional and national level, and ten practice partner organisations. The Consortium’s vision is a shift from health policy to healthy public policy, where the wellbeing impacts of policies are a core consideration across government sectors. Researchers and policy makers will jointly tackle fundamental questions about: a) the complex causal relationships between upstream policies and wellbeing, economic and equality outcomes; b) the multi-sectoral appraisal of costs and benefits of alternative investment options; c) public values and preferences for different outcomes, and how necessary trade-offs can be negotiated; and d) creating the conditions for intelligence-led adaptive policy design that maximises progress against economic, social and health goals. Whilst our methods will be adaptable across policy topics and jurisdictions, we will initially focus on four policy areas: Inclusive Economic Growth, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Wellbeing and Housing.
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the research was to determine the diversity of social development of all communes in the Podkarpackie province in two research periods of 2003 and 2013.
Regional economics. Space in economics, Economics as a science
Dominik Braunschweiger, Marco Pütz, Frank Heidmann
et al.
Climate change severely affects Alpine regions. Adaptation to climate change is needed in order to deal with these impacts, but the implementation of national adaptation strategies is inhibited by multiple obstacles. Regional strategic frameworks are just emerging, adaptation is of little priority to local agendas and policy mainstreaming is limited on all administrative levels. This paper provides a better understanding of the governance of adaptation to climate change in Switzerland, an example of a federal system with a strong focus on subnational levels and multilevel governance. We conceptualize governance as a network of policies, measures, actors and knowledge, and visualize their interactions using D3.js, a data-driven JavaScript library. The findings illustrate the typical division of labour in federal multilevel governance systems. The national level provides a strategic framework and funding and conducts coordinating measures at subnational levels, especially the local-level implementation of concrete measures. Conducting comparable mappings for other countries would allow interesting comparisons and insights into common barriers and opportunities to adaptation to climate change.
Regional economics. Space in economics, Regional planning
Pedro Gilberto Cavalcante Filho, Raimundo Cláudio Gomes Maciel, Tiago de Oliveira Loiola
et al.
No Brasil, a pobreza e a insegurança alimentar concentrada no meio rural tem chamado bastante atenção por sua amplitude, principalmente no âmbito da agricultura familiar, onde a produção para o autoconsumo está no centro da reprodução familiar. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetiva identificar a relação entre a segurança alimentar, o autoconsumo e a pobreza da produção familiar rural do Estado do Acre. Especificamente, busca-se verificar os indicadores socioeconômicos, bem como os níveis de autoconsumo da produção familiar rural acreana. Para tanto, são utilizados indicadores econômicos adequados e específicos para estes estudos a partir dos estratos sociais identificados pela linha de pobreza no Estado. Os resultados demonstram um crescente número de famílias nas linhas de pobreza e extrema pobreza, elevando o número de pessoas em situação de insegurança alimentar, ocasionados, sobretudo pelo baixo autoconsumo.
Valeriy Leonidovich Makarov , Albert Raufovich Bakhtizin, Elena Davidovna Sushko
et al.
The article describes the process of labour migration from China to Russia and shows its modelling using the agent-based
approach. This approach allows us to simulate an artificial society in a computer program taking into account the diversity of
individuals under consideration, as well as to model a set of laws and rules of conduct that make up the institutional environment
in which the members of this society live. A brief review and analysis of agent-based migration models presented in the foreign
literature are given. The agent-based model of labour migration from China to Russia developed by the Central Economic
Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences simulates human behaviour close to reality, which is based on their
internal purposes, determining the agents choice of territory as a place of residence. Therefore, at the development of the agents
of the model and their behaviour algorithms, as well as the organization of the environment in which they exist and interact,
the main characteristics of the population of two neighbouring countries and their demographic processes have been considered.
Using the model, two experiments have been conducted. The purpose of the first of them was to assess the effect of depreciation
of the rubble against the yuan on the overall indexes of labour migration, as well as its structure. In the second experiment, the
procedure of the search of the information by agents for the migratory decision-making was changing. Namely, all generalizing
information on the average salary by types of activity and skill level of employees, both in China and Russia, became available
to all agents irrespective of their qualification level.
Recent decades have witnessed an increase in the number of works dedicated to the analysis of effects of historical events on the choice of institutions and further economic and social development of regions. This article employs the new institutional economic theory approach to consider the choices regarding title to land and serfdom in Moscovy and the Polish — Lithuanian Commonwealth (earlier the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) in the 16th—17th centuries. The author emphasizes the factors, which affected the choice of institutional development trajectory, and considers the influence exerted by these institutes on the political and military development of these states. This article shows how the contingent property rights in Moscovy turned out to be competitive in the conditions of a considerable contribution of decentralization factors to defence capacity and, opposite to the situation in the Polish — Lithuanian Commonwealth, ensured the formation of large and efficient troops. This work contributes to the research on the property rights and Russian economic history.
Islamic economics in Indonesia has been less developed rather than in other countries such as Malasysia and Pakistan. Even through, the mushrooming discussion about Islamic economics in many universities recently has been grateful. The article extends theories and models developed for doing research about Islamic economic.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
The determination of price of energy in Indonesia has within complex problems. This article extends the considerations needed in considering the policy. It argues that the strength of middle and lower class economy should be considered in taking the policy.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics