Hasil untuk "Physical anthropology. Somatology"

Liliya I. Mukhametova, Dmitrii A. Arutyunyan, Anastasia V. Shishkina et al.

Abstract Immune assays are widely used in various fields of medicine, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), and immunochromatographic analysis. FPIA allows for high specificity and sensitivity detection of low-molecular-weight analytes in a homogeneous medium without separation; it has high accuracy and label stability, and analysis is fast, simple, and can be automated. A fluorescently labeled tracer for erythromycin determination with a new boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye was developed in this study. A pair of immunoreagents (tracers and antibodies) for detecting erythromycin was selected and characterized, and FPIA conditions were optimized for an analysis time of 5 min. Calibration curves were obtained, and FPIA analytical characteristics were determined. The limit of detection was 1.6 ng/mL with a detection range at pH 7.4 of 5 − 300 ng/mL. The developed FPIA was successfully used to determine erythromycin concentration in water and milk, with a recovery of 80% – 120%. Overall, an FPIA method for erythromycin determination was developed, the advantages of using the new BODIPY fluorescent label were shown, the accuracy of the method was verified by an recovery test, and real water samples were tested.

Marina González-Barrio, Luis J. Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario Calderón et al.

Human genetic structure of Iberian populations has been thoroughly explored in the last decades. The internal diversity of the Iberian Peninsula becomes visible by the different phylogeographic origins of particular mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome lineages, which show a high degree of population specificity. In the present study, we combined information on matrilineal and patrilineal variation patterns in two autochthonous populations from Andalusia region (southern Spain). A special focus is made to a male sample set where both uniparental data are available. Gene diversities estimates yielded not statistically significant differences between both types of samples and markers. Genetic ancestry among Andalusians seems to be constituted by three foremost continental origins: European, African, and Middle Eastern. The examined male group has revealed a noticeable proportion of individuals (over 45%) with a non-correspondence between maternal and paternal haplogroup origins, a signal of different population demographic histories linked to both sexes in the past. Andalusian males seem to be well differentiated according to ancestries. As expected, mtDNA diversity was much higher than that for the Y chromosome, a fact that can be caused by patrilocality, which leads to particular social structures with effects on haploid genomes in modern human populations.

Guillermina Sánchez Vuichard, Nerina Pisani, Carolina Vásquez et al.

The Central Pampa plain (36º–37º S; 60º–61º W) presents numerous shallow lakes subjected to climatic dynamics and anthropogenic impacts during the Late Holocene, but few were analyzed. New studies are essential to provide an integral and regional analysis of these lakes evolution. In this context, a multi-indicator analysis including sedimentary and palynomorph (pollen and non-pollen) indicators was performed to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental evolution of Blanca Chica shallow lake during the past 1700 years. Four main lake condition stages were identified. Natural forcing dominated the period prior to 1880 CE, followed by a scenario characterized by the combined action of anthropic and natural forcings. Between 260800 CE, laminated sediments and phytoplankton dominance point to a high-level, turbid, nutrient rich lake during a wet period. Between 800–1600 CE, massive sediments, increasing halophytic vegetation and decreasing phytoplankton indicate a lower water-lake level in a dry context. This drought scenario was intensified between 1660–1830 CE as suggested by massive mottled sediments, submerged macrophytes remains and filamentous chlorophytes. A shift to wetter conditions is indicated for 1830–2015 CE, by a perennial, turbid, eutrophic, high-level lake with massive organic sediments. The onset of agriculture and cattle was shown by a raise in pollen taxa (i.e., 1830) and increased sedimentation rates related to soils erosion which suggested intense anthropic activity. The change in the aquatic communities and sedimentology for the last 30 years allowed considering a shift to high anthropogenic impact combined with an increase in precipitation which generated an accelerated eutrophication of the lake.

Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro, Joan Madurell-Malapeira, Sergio Ros-Montoya et al.

On 2015, after the direct study of the most important Late Villafranchian fossil collections of Europe and Western Asia, including Orce (Spain), Pirro Nord and Upper Valdarno (Italy), Appollonia (Greece), Dmanisi (Georgia) and ‘Ubeidiya (Israel), among others, our team proposed the hypothesis that suids disappeared from Europe during the time span between 1.8 and 1.2 Ma. The implications of our conclusions were significant, the arrival of Early <i>Homo</i> into Western Europe, dated to 1.4 Ma at the site of Barranco León in Orce (Spain), preceded the return of pigs into the continent at 1.2 Ma. This hypothesis has been recently challenged because of the finding of an incomplete metatarsal ascribed to <i>Sus</i> sp., with no clear stratigraphic origin, found in the XIX Century Croizet collection of Peyrolles (France), which is housed in the Natural History Museum, London, together with other weak arguments based on the absence of reliable dating for many Early Pleistocene European sites, and other hypothetical records of pigs, with no real fossil support. We answer all these questions and defend that our 2015 hypothesis is correct.

Takashi Naito, Tatsuya Saito, Hirotsugu Morinaga et al.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated core temperature by exposure to heat stress vs. heat exposure without elevated core temperature (mean skin temperature only) in addition to mental fatigue on aerobic exercise capacity in the heat. Seven highly trained athletes completed two experimental conditions: elevation in core and skin temperatures (hyperthermia: HYP), and skin temperatures (SKIN). Participants performed the AX-Continuous Performance Task and Stroop Task to induce mental fatigue during a warm water immersion at 40 °C (HYP) and a passive seated heat exposure in a climatic chamber at 35 °C and 60% relative humidity (SKIN) for 45 min before exercise. Thereafter, participants performed running trial at 80% maximal oxygen uptake until voluntary exhaustion in the same chamber as the SKIN. Exercise time to exhaustion was significantly shorter in the HYP trial (538 ± 200 s) than in the SKIN trial (757 ± 324 s). Rectal temperature at the end of tasks in the HYP trial increased by 0.86 ± 0.26℃ and was significantly higher (37.69 ± 0.18℃) than that of the SKIN trial (36.96 ± 0.13℃), albeit no significant differences in mean skin temperature. Self-reported mental fatigue using visual analog scale was significantly higher after tasks in both trials, but no significant difference between trials was found. Throughout the trial, salivary cortisol concentration and perceptual responses were not affected by hyperthermia. This study demonstrated that a combination of high core temperature and mean skin temperature, and mental fatigue limit aerobic exercise capacity in highly trained athletes in hot environments compared with heat exposure without an elevation of core temperature.

Маурер А.М, Чумакова А.М

Введение. Одной из центральных задач этнической антропологии является описание фенотипической изменчивости в популяциях современного человека. За последние годы значительно увеличилось количество публикаций, визуализирующих морфологические особенности лица человека на популяционном уровне. Цель этой статьи: показать последние достижения антропологов МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, сделанные с использованием метода обобщенного фотопортрета (ОФП). Материалы и методы. Материалом для статьи послужили работы антропологической научной школы Московского университета последних лет (с 2009 по 2024 год), в которых применялся метод обобщенного фотопортрета. Результаты и обсуждение. За последнее время был внедрен ряд инноваций: появилась возможность создавать обобщенный фотопортрет в профильной и ¾ нормах; осуществлен переход в создании фотообобщения от совмещения индивидуальных изображений по 2 точкам на стягивание по большему числу точек; математически определено оптимальное количество фотоизображений для создания обобщенного фотопортрета; стало возможным характеризовать человеческие популяции сериями онтогенетических портретов. Галерея фотопортретов пополнилась обобщенными фотопортретами народов Поволжско-Уральского региона, Кавказа, Северной, Центральной, Южной и Юго-Восточной Азии, Ближнего Востока, а также стран Африки и Латинской Америки. Началось применение метода обобщенного фотопортрета в палеоантропологии. Заключение. Качественный скачок осуществлен антропологами НИИ и Музея антропологии в разработке фотоматериалов с помощью метода обобщенного фотопортрета: создана и значительно усовершенствована программа для формирования фотообобщений, серьезно расширена галерея фотопортретов этнических групп земного шара. Впервые были созданы ряды фотообобщений, характеризующих популяции на разных стадиях онтогенеза. Метод обобщенного фотопортрета остается перспективным научным инструментом, открывающим широкие возможности для изучения различных аспектов фенотипической изменчивости древнего и современного населения на популяционном уровне.

E. Permiakova

Introduction. The present study is of a complex nature and is devoted to the assessment of the main directions of the development of auxology in Russian anthropology. To a large extent, this work is a continuation of the review of the activities of the laboratory of auxology of the Anuchin Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology of Moscow State University [Godina, 2010]. At the same time, the main directions of work are considered and described in more detail not only directly by the auxology laboratory, but also by other working groups of the same Institute, the Department of Anthropology of the Faculty of Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, as well as other academic institutions. Materials and methods. Specifically, in this part of the work, articles devoted to the comprehensive assessment of the processes of growth and development of children from birth to 3 years old, which were published in the «Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin» from 2009 to 2022, were used as a source of information. Results and discussion. The studies conducted in this area affect a large number of aspects of physical development in infancy and early childhood – for example, factors influencing these processes (evolutionary, climatic, geographical, ethnic and genetic factors, constitutional features of mothers, circumstances of intrauterine growth) are analyzed on representative samples. Special attention should be paid to the work on the evaluation in comparative and secular aspects of growth processes and indicators of sexual dimorphism of children under 3 years of age in the countries of the former USSR. Conclusion. Despite the difficulties in working with a rather specific contingent, the fact that these works, together with the results obtained, lead us to conclude that this stage of ontogenesis is represented to a large extent in the works of domestic anthropologists, which allows us to use these data both in the field of interdisciplinary and interdepartmental research.

James W. W. Rose

Abstract Social anthropologists have acted as expert witnesses in legal proceedings for many decades, however there has persisted a tension between social anthropologists’ readiness to accept the assignation of ‘expertise’, and the typical manner in which courts and legally empowered bodies characterise such expertise as the forensic specialization of an established scientific field. This paper presents a model for the distinction between forensic social anthropology and expert social anthropology, both of which play important probative roles in a range of legal processes. The key variable in this proposed distinction is the relative degree of independent causal modelling permitted to social anthropologists engaged by courts and other legally empowered bodies. In forensic applications, social anthropologists are called upon to independently detect and explain causal processes that link culturally specific ideas to real-world instances human social interaction. By contrast, in expert applications, social anthropologists are called upon to advise on whether causal models defined by the terms of a given legal process have been substantiated. This distinction brings forensic and expert social anthropology into line with similar distinctions made between forensic and expert applications of physical anthropology in legal proceedings, and offers a useful contribution to the reconciliation of social and physical anthropology as two fields of a single parent discipline.

Ricardo Martín Neme Tauil, Denise Evans, Paula Miranda De Zela et al.

En este trabajo se propone realizar por primera vez en Argentina un análisis proteómico por espectrometría de masas de una falange humana con una alteración macroscópica proveniente de un conjunto arqueológico recuperado en el sitio Cueva de Plaza (Chubut, Argentina). Se presentan dos métodos de extracción de proteínas de restos óseos arqueológicos para ser analizadas con un espectrómetro de masas. Ambos métodos permitieron obtener resultados no excluyentes con información parcialmente redundante y complementaria. Se identificaron proteínas como colágenos, fibronectina, proteínas de cartílago, de hueso, de músculo y de sangre y conjuntos de proteínas asociadas al sistema inmune y a otras vías metabólicas, en menor cantidad. Las proteínas identificadas son consistentes con la existencia de un trauma en proceso de reparación en el elemento óseo analizado.

G. Sack

Anthropology and history employ two entirely different research methodologies: anthropological research is based on face-to-face interviews and direct observation, while historians eschew all forms of non-documented information, and generally assume that only the written word and maps are reliable. Exploiting the different relative advantages of these two disciplines, together with GIS (Geographic Information Systems), it was possible to locate and situate historical events from different periods in the physical landscape in which they took place. Such a “mixed methodological approach” yielded information that would otherwise not be found. This is illustrated in a study of the development of rural estates in the Galilee, consequent on the promulgation of the Ottoman Land Code in 1858.

V. Marfina

The article presents the stages of the creative path and the results of many years of work of the outstanding scientist Laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Belarus Inessa Ivanovna Salivon, who is the founder of the Belarusian school of Anthropology. Her research has given development to several scientific directions in the science of man, such as gender, age, territorial and ecological variability of the physical type of the adult population; the formation of physique in the process of growth and maturation of the child's body; constitutional features of morphogenesis. Since 1965, she began to develop the direction of historical anthropology, devoting her work to the formation and research of osteological collections on the population that lived on the territory of our republic during the II millennium of the new era. The osteological material obtained as a result of the excavations served as a link between the ancient and the now living population in the study of the formation of regional anthropological features of the indigenous population. The aim of this work was the desire to recreate a holistic picture of the historical process of the formation of the physical type of the population, starting from the settlement of the territory by the Slavs up to the present, as well as to identify changes in the physical type of the modern population throughout the life cycle, that is, in the process of ontogenesis. A significant part of Inessa Ivanovna's scientific activity was devoted to the study of the patterns of formation of physical development of children. She conducted a unique longitudinal (from 1982 to 1991), as well as a number of screening studies of morphological parameters in children and adolescents of both sexes. This is a fundamental work, where a comprehensive program was used, which included numerous morphological signs characterizing physical development and features of somatic status, including the development of subcutaneous fat, body proportions, kefalometry indicators and others. Inessa Ivanovna is the author of the development of a new method in anthropology – quantitative assessment of body type.

S. Hartley, A. Winburn

Due to their medicolegal repercussions, forensic anthropology conclusions must be reliable, consistent, and minimally compromised by bias. Yet, a synthetic analysis of the reliability and biasability of the discipline's methods has not yet been conducted. To do so, this study utilized Dror's (2016) hierarchy of expert performance (HEP), an eight‐level model aimed at examining intra‐ and inter‐expert reliability and biasability (the potential for cognitive bias) within the literature of forensic science disciplines. A systematic review of the forensic anthropology literature was conducted (1972‐present), including papers published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Science International, and the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Anthropology Section abstracts published in the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the AAFS which matched keywords such as “forensic anthropology,” “bias,” “reliability,” “cognition,” “cognitive,” or “error.” The resulting forensic anthropology HEP showcases areas that have ample research and areas where more research can be conducted. Specifically, statistically significant increases in reliability (p < 0.001) and biasability (p < 0.001) publications were found since 2009 (publication of the NAS report). Extensive research examined the reliability of forensic anthropological observations and conclusions (n = 744 publications). However, minimal research investigated the biasability of forensic anthropological observations and conclusions (n = 20 publications). Notably, while several studies demonstrated the biasing effect of extraneous information on anthropological morphological assessments, there was no research into these effects on anthropological metric assessments. The findings revealed by the forensic anthropology HEP can help to guide future research, ultimately informing the development and refinement of best‐practice standards for the discipline.

B. Latour

Clara Alfsdotter

Abstract Archaeological theories and methods are developed to reconstruct past human behavior from fragmentary material remains. The interrelated discipline of physical anthropology addresses questions related to skeletal remains while acknowledging taphonomic parameters. The benefit of integrating these disciplines in forensic investigations has gained increasing acknowledgement over the last decades, but the use of forensic archaeology and anthropology (FAA) remains limited in Sweden. The aim of this study is to analyze the field of FAA in Sweden in relation to outdoor and fire crime scenes where human remains are encountered. Based on qualitative interviews, the state and potential developments of FAA within the Swedish police and the National Board of Forensic Medicine are discussed. The results show that for ensic investigations and analysis of human fragmentary remains are not standardized in Sweden. A great responsibility is placed on the individual crime scene investigator who elects how to investigate these sites and who to contract for the analysis of osteological remains. This can endanger evidence collection and interpretation. This study shows that investigations of buried or fragmentary human remains in Sweden could be aided by a development of FAA. Key steps to further development of FAA within Swedish police involve 1) quantifying cases that could benefit from FAA, 2) establish FAA as an independent subject, 3) develop a national infrastructure, 4) offer professional education in the subject(s), and 4) develop best practice to advance evidence collection and legal security in investigations involving fragmentary human remains. An ongoing ISO accreditation of outdoor crime scene investigations within the Swedish police will hopefully benefit FAA development and collaborations with external partners.

D. Adé, L. Seifert, M. McGann et al.

ABSTRACT Introduction Recently Baggs and Chemero (2018. “Radical Embodiment in Two Directions.” Synthese, 1–16. doi:10.1007/s11229-018-02020-9) advocated for the possible ‘productive synthesis’ between the enactive and the ecological approaches in order to understand and to explain how an agent behaves and interacts with the environment. This paper argues that data production methods from ‘enactive anthropology’ and ‘ecological dynamics’ show complementarities and differences that can inform research and pedagogical applications. Purpose From the analysis of two studies of pedagogical interventions, we explore the potential of intertwining enactive anthropology and ecological dynamics approaches in Physical Education. Methods We summarise two previously published studies, which address skill learning through the intertwining of phenomenological and behavioural outcomes. The first investigates the interactions between students engaged in orienteering during PE lessons, the second focuses on learning climbing skills during an individual lesson. We utilise the data to highlight the advantages and limitations of intertwining enactive anthropology and ecological dynamics approaches. Findings We suggest caution in using principles of both approaches together, due to key epistemological and ontological differences, which may impact data outcomes and preferred methodologies. The approaches differ in conceptualising the nature of individual-environment coupling but may be complementary in investigating the complexity of this coupling. Conclusion We assert the scientific potential of intertwining enactive anthropology and the ecological dynamics approaches and the need to consider this productive synthesis to propose practical implications for PE teachers. The outlines of a pedagogy 3E (exploration, experiential and empathetic) from intertwining these two approaches are traced.

Miranda Sheild Johansson, Laura Montesi

What are the physical experiences of fieldwork really like? This article invites anthropologists engaged in teaching to transform the way research methods are currently taught to include frank and thoughtful conversations on how bodies, in their mundane physicality, are implicated in fieldwork. While the (mindful) body that actively and purposefully engages with the reality under investigation has gained centrality in anthropological discussions about “being there”, the body that things happen to has been ignored or marginalised. We contend that an exploration of the body that falls ill, feels uncomfortable, or simply does not match with an idealised image of the skilled and productive fieldworker (often male and able-bodied) has practical, pedagogical, political, and analytical merits. By recounting some of our own private anecdotes of challenges encountered in fieldwork, we emphasise the centrality of our physical experiences to our ethnographic approach. Discussing the glamourless, bodily aspects of fieldwork is crucial to preparing ourselves and our students for fieldwork, to combating ableism in anthropology, and to downplaying anxiety over narrow standard goals of “good” fieldwork. We also argue that theoretical considerations of the messy and unpleasant physical experiences that fieldwork involves can bring further insight into how research is (un)done.

M. Milosavljević

Social anthropology courses, some elective and some mandatory, for archaeology students at the Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, commenced only after 2003.  Since Serbian society opened itself from its isolation, the key challenge has been to teach new generations who have grown up during the civil wars in Former Yugoslavia to recognize broader perspectives on human cultures, universalities, and differences. Anthropology has been consequently utilized as a prominent tool for cultural relativism, multiculturalism, ‘Otherness’, and reflexive thinking. However much these facets have all proved necessary, they seem to have fallen to the wayside in ‘post-truth’ world. It has therefore become unclear in teaching how to address the phenomenon. This paper aims to critically discuss anachronous traditions in social and physical anthropology in combination with new challenges of the biologisation of social identities in archaeology and social anthropology.

Fabián Anibal Quintero, María Florencia Cesani, María Antonia Luis et al.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar en escolares que viven en el cinturón productivo de La Plata: a) la relación entre presión arterial elevada (PAE) y exceso ponderal (EP) y b) la distribución geográfica de dicha relación. Durante los ciclos lectivos 2015-2017 se relevaron: presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (mmHg), peso (kg) y talla (cm) de 2.268 escolares entre 6 y 12 años, residentes en distintos centros comunales del periurbano platense y se determinaron los casos de PAE y EP. Se obtuvo información del entorno socio-ambiental de residencia mediante una encuesta estructurada. Se calcularon prevalencias de PAE y EP y frecuencias de las características del entorno, que fueron comparadas mediante pruebas de Chi cuadrado (X2). Se analizó, además, la incidencia del EP sobre la PAE mediante regresión logística. El 44,9% de los escolares presentó EP y el 19,4% PAE. Las comparaciones múltiples para PAE entre centros comunales permitieron diferenciar dos regiones: región norte (RN) con menores prevalencias de PAE y EP y región sur (RS) con mayores prevalencias. Las variables del entorno de residencia fueron significativamente diferentes entre ambas regiones y la incidencia del EP sobre la PAE fue mayor en la RS. Se concluye que el cinturón productivo de La Plata, presenta una realidad preocupante en materia de salud infantil. El análisis a partir del proceso de urbanización, muestra que la RN es menos urbanizada y la RS más urbanizada y registra prevalencias de PAE más elevadas con mayor incidencia del EP sobre la ocurrencia de PAE.

James B. Innes, Yongqiang Zong

The surface of the lowland deltaic plain around Taihu (Lake Tai), south of the Yangtze river mouth in eastern China, lies near sea level and until recent drainage and development by human societies was mostly covered by wetlands of various types. It was created by regular overbank flooding, mainly from the Yangtze, and the deposition of mostly mineral sediments over the several millennia since sea level regained its current altitude in the early mid-Holocene and progradation of the Yangtze delta began. Fluvial activity has therefore been the dominant influence on sedimentation in the Taihu lowlands, and in the lower Yangtze valley generally, and has determined the character of the mainly inorganic sediment sequences that have accumulated there, with autochthonous deposition of organic sediments within the local wetland plant communities playing a minor role. The presence of both clastic flood horizons and peat layers within the deposits of the Taihu plain attests to great variability in the magnitude of fluvial input from the Yangtze, with repeated extreme floods occurring at some periods, but with periods when the growth of peat layers shows low water tables, little exogenic sediment input and so little fluvial influence. We have examined the published evidence for these different depositional environments in the lower Yangtze and the Taihu plain during the Holocene, comparing the flood history with the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze catchment. Discrete phases of high or low flooding influence are recognised, and these correspond with large-scale Holocene climate history. Intensified human land use in recent millennia has complicated this relationship, amplifying the flooding signal. Our palynological research shows that algal microfossil type and abundance is a useful proxy for changing water depth and quality in the aquatic environments of the Holocene Taihu wetlands, and can recognise flooding events that are not registered in the floodplain lithological sequences.

K. Tsosie, J. Yracheta, Jessica A Kolopenuk et al.

In their commentary on data sharing in biological anthropology, Turner and Mulligan (2019) lay out guiding principles and best practices resulting from the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) ad hoc committee on data access and data sharing workshop. Their commentary has invited a crucial conversation on data practices in the field and has produced numerous comments and responses on the topic (Boyer, 2020; Leigh, 2020; McDade, 2020; Wagner, 2020). This conversation has made multiple points regarding the inclusivity of the workshop and moving toward a shared set of data management principles in the field. However, we note that the current conversation lacks engagement with Indigenous data sovereignties, which can offer additional models of data governance and further inform the ways that biological anthropologists approach questions of data access and data sharing. Here, Indigenous data sovereignties are defined as the “rights and interests of Indigenous peoples relating to the collection, ownership, and application of data about their people, lifeways, and territories” (Kukutai & Taylor, 2016). The lack of conversation regarding Indigenous data sovereignties is concerning given that Indigenous and allied thinkers have often intervened in questions of data governance and advocated powerfully for greater attention to Indigenous self-determination and sovereignty. Yet, the concerns of Indigenous peoples regarding data access and data sharing have often been overlooked or have been significantly compromised by non-Indigenous researchers. Given this, our goals in this letter are twofold. First, we seek to engage with a number of key issues, assumptions, and gaps in the existing commentaries and letters on this topic. Second, we aim to redress the current lack of attention to Indigenous data sovereignties by bringing these critically necessary insights into the ongoing conversation that has been unfolding in the pages of the AJPA over the last year. Importantly, our intent in raising these concerns does not come from a position that is antiscientific or anti open data, but rather pro-sovereignty, with the goal of heightening attention to the power relations that pervade data practices in relation to Indigenous peoples. Given that the institutions of biological anthropology, including this journal and the professional association, were made possible in no small measure by exploitations of Indigenous bodies by Aleš Hrdlička and many others (Colwell, 2017; Pérez, 2019), it is essential that questions of Indigenous sovereignty be part of how biological anthropologists envision and develop data practices moving forward. Among the current letters and comments, there is little acknowledgement of ongoing colonialisms, the power hierarchies that have historically shaped this field in relation to Indigenous peoples, and how these problems can be perpetuated in contemporary data practices. In instances where issues of power have arisen, the focus has largely been directed at the vulnerabilities of researchers themselves and the possible impediments to the academic career pipeline (Leigh, 2020). Other commentaries have framed vulnerability in terms of unscrupulous data repositories and the risks that they pose for both researchers and participants (Wagner, 2020) as well as the risks of deductive disclosures (McDade, 2020). These are all valid points of concern. Nonetheless, an Indigenous data sovereignty perspective can greatly enrich this conversation by bringing more attention to the power dynamics of researcher–participant relationships in the context of marginalized communities, as well as the relationships between Indigenous researchers and the field of anthropology itself. Biological sampling and data practices that seemingly bolster scientific progress have often come at the expense of Indigenous peoples, who have seldomly benefited from research conducted within and about their communities (Claw et al., 2018; Garrison, 2013). Questions regarding the power hierarchies and benefit structures of research must therefore be central to data access and data sharing practices, with the recognition that conditions of power and vulnerability shift over time and across communities. In recent exchanges on the topic of data access and data sharing in AJPA, there appears to be a consensus that principles and practices of open data are necessary to produce good science. Increasing data access in the field has even been framed in decolonial terms, as a set of practices that redress problems of colonialism by democratizing science and promoting scientific progress (Boyer, 2020; Leigh, 2020). The appeal to scientific advancement is concerning given that discourses of progress, including assumptions about “primitive/ advanced” societies have been central to violence against Indigenous peoples within and beyond the field of biological anthropology. It is therefore a mistake to think about modern scientific advancements (including the bioethical and data sharing policies that regulate them) and colonialism as distinct entities, or as mutually exclusive possibilities, when they have long been one and the same (Mann & Daly, 2018). Therefore, the presumed decoloniality of increasing data access and data sharing is neither self-evident nor universal. Nevertheless, the assumption that open data practices are implicitly decolonial has persisted even after the conclusion of landmark settlements between research institutions and Indigenous communities following unconsented re-analyses of study samples and the generation of new data (Garrison, 2013). At stake here is ensuring that Indigenous peoples have control over and benefit from information Received: 15 October 2020 Accepted: 4 November 2020