Hasil untuk "Philosophy. Psychology. Religion"

Shiming Yao, Jiajia Zhu, Yan Mu

Understanding public stigma against patients (also known as disease stigma)—negative attitudes or discriminatory responses toward individuals with a disease—is essential for improving health outcomes and fostering inclusive communities. In this study, 279 participants rated their responses toward eight disease groups (e.g., HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and depression). Using multiple factor analysis, we identified three components of disease stigma: exclusionary (e.g., avoidance and harmful evaluation), prosocial (e.g., sympathy and helping), and attribution (blame/responsibility). Confirmatory factor analysis supported this three-component structure. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed systematic differences across diseases: COVID-19 and schizophrenia elicited stronger exclusionary responses, depression evoked the strongest prosocial responses, and HIV/AIDS was associated with the highest attribution of blame. Linear mixed-effects models further indicated that perceived cultural tightness was positively associated with the attribution component, self-control was positively associated with the prosocial component, and higher self-esteem was linked to greater exclusionary responses. Furthermore, network analysis showed dense within-component clustering (e.g., trust—negative evaluation; sympathy—helping) and a peripheral positioning of attribution within the stigma network. These findings provide insights into the psychological components of disease stigma and its cultural and personal correlates, providing targets for component-specific stigma reduction strategies.

Hildegunn Valen Kleive, Vebjørn Horsfjord

Denne artikkelen er basert på observasjoner og intervjuer gjort på fire islamskoler i Norge. På disse ikke-formelle trosopplæringsarenaene finner vi spenninger og forhandlinger mellom muslimske normative idealer og hverdagslivets faktiske praksiser og tenkemåter. Vi finner at både moskeledere og foreldre knyttet til disse fellesskapene ønsker å styrke normative tolkninger av islam, samtidig som det er en betydelig anerkjennelse av og aksept for at idealene ikke nødvendigvis etterleves. Informantene framhever verdien av å møtes fysisk til undervisning i en tid med mange online-tilbud. Forfatterne benytter levd hverdagsreligions­perspektivet sammen med blant annet begrepet maksimalistisk islam. Nøkkelord: ikke-formell trosopplæring, islam, moske, ungdom, idealer

Oumayma Slimi, Santo Marsigliante, Vito Ciardo et al.

The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity increases rapidly. Physical activity plays a major role in the prevention of obesity. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of adapted basketball sessions according to the empathic capacity of adolescent girls with overweight. Forty-two girls with overweight (age: 16.09 ± 0.85; years; height: 1.64 ± 0.67 m: weight: 73.02 ± 0.61 kg; BMI: 27.15 ± 1.37) volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n = 21) and control group (CG, n = 21). EG was submitted to a basketball intervention adapted to students with obesity while the CG performed classic basketball exercises for 7 weeks. Each week girls had 2 basketball teaching-learning sessions, lasting 50 min. The participants’ empathy was assessed before and after the intervention using the Favre CEC. The results showed that adaptation intervention was associated with a significant emotional contagion decrease (Δ% = 0.466) and splitting with emotions (Δ% = 0.375), and with an empathy increase (Δ% = 1.387), in EG compared to CG. No significant difference was assessed in the empathy CG, before and after the intervention. This study demonstrated that adapted physical education classes could be an effective strategy to improve empathetic skills and inclusion of overweight girls as well as a means to prevent obesity.

Sumbul

The National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) has presented Nifty 50 Shariah and Nifty 500 Shariah indices to provide unconventional indices for Sharia-compliant companies. These indices follow Sharia laws and can be used in portfolios that are culturally dependable commodities for investors who do not wish to put their money into the undesired business. NSE witnessed big movements in the indices during the Covid-19 period. This study seeks to understand the association between Nifty 500 Sharia and Nifty 50 Sharia and their respective selected indexes, Nifty 500 and Nifty 50, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The period from 27/01/2020 to 31/05/2022 has been taken for this study. The techniques applied, like correlation, co-integration, GMM, etc. based on the objectives of this paper. We conclude that the return of Sharia indices is better compared to the other indices. Also, stocks compliant with Sharia Indices are less risky and a better alternative for the portfolio during pandemic times.

Dave O'Connell

This paper provides a focused literature review on grace, drawing on the domains of psychology, business ethics, philosophy, and religion. Then the design and findings of a qualitative study are presented. The results illustrate how individuals from a variety of organizations understand the term grace and how it has been enacted in their workplaces. Then the effects of grace in the workplace are presented, showing that most effects, both of giving and receiving grace, are positive. Yet, there are situations in which some negative consequences may occur. Based on the analysis of thirty interviews, in concert with the existing literature, a typology of four ways of enacting grace developed. Type 1 involves a direct experience of divine favor or direction while at work. Type 2 expresses kindness, with reference to spiritual beliefs or practice. Type 3 expresses kindness or friendliness, without reference to spiritual motivation or any sense of transcendence. Type 4 is anti-obligational favor expressed by one person toward another, without direct reference to spiritual motivation or empowerment. Some propositions to guide future research are offered, and implications for practice are discussed. This study contributes to the literature on management, spirituality and religion by developing the concept of grace, specifically within the workplace. This contribution is timely as workplaces are often hard-pressed by the speed of change, strong competition and at times, very harsh and challenging work conditions. The call to craft, manage and lead organizations that deliver quality products and services is always clear. While workplace pressure is up and employee engagement is down, understanding and nurturing the practice of grace is worthwhile as we seek to foster the development of workplaces that are both successful in terms of products and services, while being life-giving environments for those who work in them.

J. Hook, D. V. Van Tongeren, Don E. Davis et al.

ABSTRACT Until recently, psychologists have conceptualised and studied trust in God (TIG) largely in isolation from contemporary work in theology, philosophy, history, and biblical studies that has examined the topic with increasing clarity. In this article, we first review the primary ways that psychologists have conceptualised and measured TIG. Then, we draw on conceptualizations of TIG outside the psychology of religion to provide a conceptual map for how TIG might be related to theorised predictors and outcomes. Finally, we provide a research agenda for future empirical work in this area, as well as practical applications for counsellors and religious leaders.

SAIRA GHULAM HASSAN

The Prime objective of the current study is to discuss the link between the funding liquidity risk and bank risk for Islamic and conventional of Pakistan. The international financial system has been implemented in the banking system of Pakistan. Irrespective of some unique aspects of the market, significant influence has been received from the internal banking system. Two systems are being used in the banking sector of Pakistan, which includes Islamic banking and traditional banking system. The traditional system of banking involves interest on money. The depositor receives a specific amount over his/her deposits. However, the Islamic banking system is based on Shariah rules and policies. A major gap on liquidity research is that there is inconsistency in the relationship between funding liquidity risk and bank risk. This has resulted in different researchers giving conflicting views on the significance of various factors that influence liquidity risk or affected by the liquidty risk. The author has used the Scopus database to find the literature on the relationship between the funding liquidity risk and bank risk. The study is among the pioneer studies on the issues related to funding liquidity risk and liquidity risk, and will be helpful for the policy makers, bankers and practitioners.

David Pina, David Pina, Esteban Puente-López et al.

In order to make a complete diagnosis of all the factors influencing whiplash associated disorders (WAD), the evidence suggests that the condition evaluation should follow an integrated biopsychosocial model. This perspective would offer a fuller view of it, recognizing the interplay between the medical, biomechanical, social, and psychological factors. Despite the progress made in the subject, evidence of which psychosocial factors influence the experience of pain in litigant WAD patients is limited. A cross-sectional design and a cluster analysis was used to study the experience of pain and the psychosocial factors included therein in 249 patients with WAD assessed after suffering a motor vehicle accident. Three clusters were obtained: C1, with low scores of pain and a slight-moderate alteration of the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL); C2, with medium scores of pain, alteration of HRQoL and a perception of moderate disability; and C3, with medium-high scores of pain, alteration of the HQoL, perception of moderate disability, presence of anxious-depressive symptomatology, poorer comprehension of the condition suffered, and the belief that it will extend over a long period of time. The results show a heterogeneous experience of pain in WAD, compatible with the biopsychosocial model of disease and the multidimensional approach to pain. The role of the psychologist in the evaluation of the condition could be useful to obtain a complete view of the condition, thus ensuring that the treatment is adapted to the needs of the patient.

Νιόνια Γ. Βαλλιανάτου

Η ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟ PDF

Jarosław Sobkowiak

e concept of the subjectivity of a person presented in this article has shown that man as a subject appears in constant references and relations in which his existence is embedded. On the one hand, it escapes the determinism of nature, on the other hand, it reveals a certain crack between its nature and action. is leads to the conclusion that even if a person is characterised by individuality, it is not a separate existence. It seems justified to return to the question of what makes a person, in spite of both external and internal variability; they remain the same or otherwise what builds and what destroys the subjectivity of the person? e question thus posed reveals the first threat to human subjectivity which is the fact of the existence of evil. For it is not only something external to man but also something that makes man both the “place” of the appearance of evil and responsible for evilB8. While staying in Ricoeur’s philosophy characterised by a dialectical movement one can already see in the language discussing evil a threat to certain “deposits of hope” present in his thoughtB<. For the religious language to which Ricoeur ultimately reduces the problem of evil is the language of hope and eschatology. Freedom also takes on a new meaning in this context. It is no longer just something that has been enslaved but above all something that is a “desire for the possible.” A possible freedom is the Resurrection. In this perspective, even evil and suffering can find their ultimate meaning, and the subjective character of morality does not threaten to fall into subjectivism. Moreover, it is in the name of such subjectivism that morality demands for the subject this “otherness,” the hope that comes from the Resurrection.

Cristina Costa-Lobo, Joana Matamá, Daniela Nascimento

Abstract Elementary education is a stage in which children and adolescents develop reasoning and affectivity, variables often associated with school performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between reasoning, affectivity and school performance in Portuguese and Mathematics, considering sociodemographic, relational and academic characteristics. In a non-probabilistic sample of 226 ninth graders from three different Portuguese basic schools, we collected sociodemographic, relational and academic data, and applied instruments to assess reasoning and affectivity. The results show correlation between reasoning, affectivity, school performance, parental education and quality of relationships with parents, teachers and classmates. We found differences in reasoning, affectivity and school performance based on gender, retention history, liking for school and study activities; however, there was no verification of difference regarding variables such as having separated parents, having siblings or practicing leisure activities in spare time. These results should be considered as to develop interventions to promote academic success in students who are in their final year of elementary education.

Kathy S. Bond, Fairlie A. Cottrill, Fiona L. Blee et al.

Abstract Background Depressive disorder is ranked as the largest contributor to non-fatal health burden. However, with prompt treatment, outcomes can improve. Family and friends are well placed to recognise the signs of depression and encourage early help seeking. Guidelines about how members of the public can provide mental health first aid to someone who is experiencing depression were developed in 2008. A Delphi study was conducted to re-develop these guidelines to ensure they are current and reflect best practice. Methods A survey was developed using the 2008 depression mental health first aid guidelines and a systematic search of grey and academic literature. The questionnaire contained items about providing mental health first aid to a person with depression. These items were rated by two international expert panels – a lived experience panel (consumers and carers) and a professional panel. Results Three hundred and fifty-two items were rated by 53 experts (36 with lived experience and 17 professionals) according to whether they should be included in the revised guidelines. There were 183 items that met the criteria to be included in the updated guidelines. Conclusions This re-development has added detail to the previous version of the guidelines, giving more guidance on the role of the first aider and allowing for a more nuanced approach to providing first aid to someone with depression. These guidelines are available to the public and will be used to update the Mental Health First Aid courses.

Mahdi Ja&#039;afari, Abolfazl Shahabadi

Qardh al-hasan (or benevolent lending known as a form of interest-free loan), is introduced as a good tool to realize the general approach of "prohibition of Riba or usury". Also, the rights and privileges this contract provides to both parties make it attractive both for raising and saving funds and for the supplying of the invested funds; but the lender's complete confidence in the future purchasing power of the borrowed money is one of the key factors in people's decision to invest in Qardh al-hasan deposits, which depends on the quality of the economic environment. This paper examines the determinants of Qardh al-hasane deposits with emphasis on economic security in public and private Iranian banks over the period 1984-2016. The results show that economic security has a positive and significant effect on Qardh al-hasane deposits. Also other variables such as volume of liquidity and Qardh al-hasane deposits and savings have positive and significant effect on Qardh al-hasane deposits, while interest rate of bank deposits has negative and significant effect on Qardh al-hasane deposits.

Sulthon Sulthon

BUILDING BEHAVIOR AWARENESS OF MADRASA STUDENTS BY STRENGTHENING THE SPIRITUAL VALUES. The age of the students at the madrasa level is in the education age phase where students still have the nature of dependency on the authority of adults in the process of its development. Students as human are essentially have a good nature and always want to do good. However, sometimes they face a variety of challenges and barriers that affect them in behave. Strengthening spiritual values become important in the effort to protect the students’ character towards the formation of positive character. The purpose of this study besides to knowing how to build awareness of the Madrasa Ibtidaiyah students behaved through the inaugural spiritual, as well as to find out the steps in building awareness of the students to behave. Methods in this study focused more on the study of library research where researchers browse some literatures that discuss the consciousness in behave and spiritualism in building awareness of student behavior through spiritualism reinforcement of students in Madrasa Ibtidaiyah. The results of the study leads to a discussion of how student behavior much influenced by the state of one's soul and spirituality.

Carlos Medina Labayru

La idea de autonomía que Rawls presenta en la segunda siega de su obra –en Political Liberalism y en Justice as Fairness– no se limita únicamente a la concepción tradicional de la autonomía como reivindicación de derechos. En estricto rigor, no es una concepción jurídica sino “construida”. El aspecto central de esta construcción es la diferencia que, en el fondo, establece entre la mera “autonomía política” y un concepto específico –construido– de la autonomía, ideado en el contexto de la posición original. Este último concepto –el de la “autonomía plena”– en cuanto dispositivo teórico distinto de la noción tradicional de la “autonomía política”, describe más bien un estado de hecho ideal, o de realización de la libertad que resguardan los derechos políticos. Este aspecto añadido encarna, al interior del constructo teórico, el contenido normativo de la propuesta rawlsiana, de clara inspiración republicana. El análisis muestra efectivamente que a fin de cuentas es este concepto de la autonomía plena, y no la tradicional noción jurídica de la autonomía política, la verdadera clave que subyace al argumento que elabora Rawls acerca de la estabilidad de la sociedad bien ordenada. Palabras clave: autonomía, republicanismo, identidad política, constructivismo político.

Guillaume Fréchette

No seguinte artigo, discuto a resconstrução de Fisette da visão de Brentano, de acordo com a qual a concepção da consciência de Brentano e a sua unidade é baseada na pressuposição de que a consciência tenha um portador, i.e., uma alma. Primeiramente, identifico o alvo real de Fisette (sec. 1) e desafio a sua concepção de agente mental como central para a teoria de Brentano (sec. 2 e 3). Na seção 4, formulo algumas dúvidas sobre as fontes usadas por Fisette, e na seção 5, proponho outra leitura da relação entre a unidade da consciência e o agente mental no Brentano tardio.

P. Guyer

J. Vernant

Cristina Sánchez Muñoz

Los análisis de Iris Marion Young sobre responsabilidad política nos plantean la necesidad de pensar en las consecuencias de nuestras acciones y cómo estas afectan a otros sujetos situados en procesos transnacionales. Este trabajo presenta una lectura de la propuesta de Iris Young, comparándola con la idea de responsabilidad colectiva en Hannah Arendt. Ambas autoras llevan la responsabilidad al terreno de la acción colectiva frente a las injusticias, desligándola de la noción de culpa y de la intencionalidad. Este trabajo analiza las posibilidades de la responsabilidad basada en la conexión social para evaluar procesos de injusticias estructurales en nuestras sociedades.

R. Cacioppe