Hasil untuk "Philosophy (General)"

Elham Khalili-Basseri, Homeira Soleimannejad, Maryam Safara et al.

سابقه و هدف: ویژگی‌های عاطفی، شناختی و رفتاری نقش اساسی در کیفیت زندگی پرستاران دارد؛ بنابراین مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش سلامت معنوی و سبک‌های مقابله‌ای در پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی پرستاران انجام شده است. روش کار: روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی - همبستگی است. جامعۀ پژوهش تمامی پرستاران زن متأهل شاغل در مراکز درمانی دولتی و خصوصی شهر تهران در شش‌ماهۀ دوم سال 1401 بودند که 409 نفر به‌روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس و از طریق شبکه‌های اجتماعی وارد مطالعه شدند. ابراز گردآوری اطلاعات پرسش‌نامه‌های سلامت معنوی پالوتزین و الیسون، سبک‌های مقابلۀ کالزبیک و همکاران و کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه به‌شیوۀ هم‌زمان و با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخۀ 24 انجام شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد همبستگی بین سلامت معنوی و راهبرد مسئله‌مدار با کیفیت زندگی پرستاران مثبت؛ اما همبستگی بین راهبرد اجتنابی و راهبرد هیجان‌مدار با کیفیت زندگی پرستاران منفی بود (۰۱/0>P). همچنین مؤلفه‌های سلامت معنوی ۹/۱۳% و سبک‌های مقابله‌ای 1/25% از واريانس کیفیت زندگی را تبيين ­کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش اهمیت سبک‌های مقابله‌ای را که یکی از سازه‌های مهم فردی است و سلامت معنوی که یکی از سازه‌های مهم معنوی در بهبود کیفیت زندگی پرستاران است، نشان می‌‌دهد.

R. Jean Cadigan, Margaret Waltz, John M. Conley et al.

Heritable human genome editing has garnered significant attention in scholarly and lay media, yet questions remain about whether, when, and how heritable genome editing ought to proceed. Drawing on interviews with scientists who use genome editing in their research and professionals engaged in human genome editing governance efforts, we examine their views on the permissibility of heritable genome editing and the governance strategies they see as necessary and realistic. For both issues, we found divergent views from respondents. We place the views of these scientists and governance professionals within the context of the larger bioethical discussion of heritable genome editing governance, along a continuum of hard to soft approaches. These respondents’ views highlight the challenges of various hard forms of governance and the potential virtues of soft governance approaches.

J. Buhmann, Wolfram Burgard, A. Cremers et al.

Pedro Dias Ramos, Maria Strecht Almeida, I. Anna S. Olsson

CRISPR-Cas9 revolutionized the precise editing of mammalian cells genome. The present study explores genome editing (GE) in the context of the Responsible Research and Innovation framework for emerging technologies, through semi-structured interviews with life sciences researchers worldwide. Our study demonstrates that for researchers in the field, GE technology is viewed as promising but also harboring unsolved challenges. These experts call for complementary research to improve the technology and increase knowledge of the genome function. They clearly do not support what they perceive as unsafe, unpredictable and irrelevant applications, and they view the lack of international harmonization of regulation in combination with cultural differences in public attitude as difficult challenges. Interviewees see public misconceptions as a problem while recognizing the need to foster a clear science-society dialogue with informed citizens. This study with scientists provides insight into the science-based priorities for GE to be a technology that can be responsibly applied.

Mark Rego

Henri Bergson’s philosophy and Japanese cultural, aesthetic, and architectural traditions share an affinity regarding their view of reality as continuous change and the awareness of the vital impulses of life in all things. For example, these ideas are central to Buddhist and Shinto philosophies, for whom impermanence is an essential feature of the world. There are strong sympathies with Bergson’s duration, which has facilitated his reception in Japan. An understanding of Japanese aesthetics and philosophy of art can help illustrate and comprehend Bergson’s philosophy, and, in return, Bergson’s philosophy can reveal deeper understandings of the world and the environment we live in. This paper proposes to reflect on how duration manifests in Japanese aesthetics, particularly focusing on the philosophy of architecture and the built environment. I propose to analyze how architectural traditions in Japan interconnect with Bergson’s philosophy and how they might contribute to an architectural ontology of duration.

Bron Taylor

La traduzione rispetta sia la forma linguistica che la struttura compositiva del testo originale. Per questo motivo si è ritenuto di non dover tradurre le definizioni green religion, dark green religion, spiritual but not religious e greening of religion in quanto non ci sono corrispettivi italiani già in uso che rendano la complessità delle suddette categorie. Riteniamo che i termini possano risultare comunque comprensibili ad un pubblico italofono che si approcci al testo.

Zoltán Somhegyi

In this study I investigate several questions related to adaptive restoration, i.e. when a functioning piece of architecture operates with a different purpose to its original one, as well as the role of aesthetics in re-purposing, and the importance of the special forms of experience such a conversion provides. The questions connected to these architectural projects are not only theoretically inspiring, leading to diverse and broad fields of research in architecture, art and aesthetics, but are also crucial on a practical level, and hence require caution and precise consideration, given the impact the final results of such projects may have, as well as in terms of the effect and efficiency of the new space. Creative and adaptive re-purpose, modification or complete change of function can have wonderful potential, as well as, obviously, presenting serious hazards to avoid. What is equally important, however, is that this will also contribute to a strengthening of awareness of architecture and its aesthetic qualities, hence further promoting the idea of safeguarding and care of edifices and of tangible heritage.

Mahdi Ganjvar

The purpose of this article is to analyze Fakhr-al-din Razi's theological method and the effect of theological teachings on his thought and logic of understanding religion; because among the Ash'arite theologians, the role of Imam Fakhr Razi in terms of methodology in the process of philosophizing theology is prominent and important and has received less attention from researchers. However, among the many issues about this knowledge, reviewing and refining the method of theology and raising methodological discussions about this science is one of the necessary preconditions and rudiments for understanding a coherent theological system. Inferring and analyzing the components of Fakhr's philosophical theology approach, such as: using logic and philosophical tools in explaining doctrinal issues; using the argumentative method in proving religious claims; avoidance of imitation and the dominance of rationality over obedience; and non-reliance on narrative evidence is the most important findings of this study. The method used in this research is the descriptive-analytical method of an inferential type.

Marcela Brevis-Yéber, Óscar Mas-Torelló , Carmen Ruiz Bueno

La práctica docente reflexiva (PDR) se considera como una estrategia significativa para impulsar proyectos de innovación en centros educativos y mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la asociación entre el desarrollo de una práctica docente reflexiva y el fomento de la innovación educativa. Para ello, se siguió una metodología mixta con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo y una recolección de datos de corte transversal. La vertiente cuantitativa contempló la visión de docentes de aula y docentes directivos (n=123) de cinco centros escolares chilenos, quienes expresaron sus opiniones en un cuestionario ad hoc. En la vertiente cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 18 docentes de aula y docentes directivos de los centros involucrados en esta investigación. Para sus relatos se realizó un análisis de contenido lo que permitió identificar patrones, temas convergentes y divergentes, considerando el contexto escolar como marco de refencia. Los resultados revelan una asociación entre una práctica docente reflexiva , donde el profesorado incorpora en su labor elementos y prácticas asociadas a un nivel de reflexión crítica, y su participación en proyectos de innovación educativa.

Harisatunisa Harisatunisa

Higher number of students recruitment in Islamic Education Institutions is one indicator of an institution quality. Islamic educational institutions are currently required to be able to promote their institutions to expand the students’ recruitment. This paper aims to describe the implication of brand image in the promotion of Islamic educational institutions on student recruitment. The method used in this paper is literature review. Books, articles, websites, laws relating to brand image, brand management, higher education and marketing management are collected, read, compared, and analyzed to identify the roles of brand image in promoting the Islamic educational institutions. The results of this study indicate that there are three implications of brand image in the promotion of Islamic educational institutions on student recruitment: brand image is strengthening the position of Islamic educational institutions, brand image is illustrating the effectiveness of the institution, and the brand image can be used as a reference in designing the institution identity.

Gesine Richter, Christoph Borzikowsky, Bimba Franziska Hoyer et al.

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted once more the great need for comprehensive access to, and uncomplicated use of, pre-existing patient data for medical research. Enabling secondary research-use of patient-data is a prerequisite for the efficient and sustainable promotion of translation and personalisation in medicine, and for the advancement of public-health. However, balancing the legitimate interests of scientists in broad and unrestricted data-access and the demand for individual autonomy, privacy and social justice is a great challenge for patient-based medical research. Methods We therefore conducted two questionnaire-based surveys among North-German outpatients (n = 650) to determine their attitude towards data-donation for medical research, implemented as an opt-out-process. Results We observed a high level of acceptance (75.0%), the most powerful predictor of a positive attitude towards data-donation was the conviction that every citizen has a duty to contribute to the improvement of medical research (> 80% of participants approving data-donation). Interestingly, patients distinguished sharply between research inside and outside the EU, despite a general awareness that universities and public research institutions cooperate with commercial companies, willingness to allow use of donated data by the latter was very low (7.1% to 29.1%, depending upon location of company). The most popular measures among interviewees to counteract reservations against commercial data-use were regulation by law (61.4%), stipulating in the process that data are not sold or resold (84.6%). A majority requested control of both the use (46.8%) and the protection (41.5%) of the data by independent bodies. Conclusions In conclusion, data-donation for medical research, implemented as a combination of legal entitlement and easy-to-exercise-right to opt-out, was found to be widely supported by German patients and therefore warrants further consideration for a transposition into national law.

Piotr Rosół

The questions concerning control over the environment are becoming increasingly more significant. From ecology to medicine, from bioethics to transhumanism, there are many different issues reflected and acted upon, which have an important common element, namely underlying premises about the relationship between the natural biosphere and humans. Hans Jonas, in his book The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search for an Ethics for the Technological Age, first published over 40 years ago in German as Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, proposed philosophical and ethical foundations for understanding this relationship. One of the underestimated Hans Jonas’ reflections concerns the characteristic of power. The paper analyzes the concept of power presented along with the imperative of responsibility, as well as three different degrees of power characteristic for Jonas’ approach to the notion of power. The paper presents this structure of power and the underlying philosophical considerations that constitute a basis for it. It also provides an argument that these considerations may be used as a framework for understanding many contemporary challenges and ethical responsibility in the technological age.

F. Pourmohseni-Koluri

An important aspect of university life is romantic relationships. Research has showed these relationships effect major areas of youth function such as close relationships, identity development, sexual development, and peer relationships. The present study examined the gender differences in attachment style and personality traits in love styles among university students. For this purpose, among Ardebil university students, 200 participants were selected based on random sampling. Participants were responded the HEXACO Personality Inventory (Ashton & Lee, 2004), attachment styles scale (Colins & Reed, 1990) and Love Attitude Scale (Hendric & Hendric, 1989). The investigation of gender differences in love styles showed that boys reported higher scores in ludus and pragma and girls reported higher scores in eros (P< 0/01, P< 0/05). Also regression analyses showed that, in boys, conscientiousness, and in girls close attachment were as a significant predictor of eros. Also, in boys, honesty-humility predicts ludus, and anxious attachment and agreeableness predict pragma. In girls, emotionality and anxious attachment predict pragma (P

Saiful Fahmi

This paper will explain the concept of ontological Ibn al-‘Arabi of interpretation, the general idea of the book <em>Ah</em><em>kâm al-Qur’ân</em> that includes methods, patterns, sources of interpretation, interpretation elements and characteristics that distinguish it from the interpreters other. Ontological view regarding the interpretation that was never a logical consequence of the importance of the final carry was critical of the existing interpretation of the results so far, so it is legitimate to question whether <em>Ah</em><em>kâm al-Qur’ân</em> is still relevant to the demands of his time or not? Whether in it there is coercion-coercion and preconceptions-ideological Ibn al-‘Arabî or not? Given, <em>Ah</em><em>kâm al-Qur’ân</em> is reproduced in the 5th century AH, where the fight discourse between the schools of thought Islam was at its height. While Ibn al-‘Arabi is an intellectual who embrace genuine Mâlikî School, so it brought the prejudice that he is stuck in an ideological reason

Zenonas Norkus

Straipsnyje tiriama A. Meinongo aksiologija, nustatoma jos vieta bendrame aksiologijos diskurse. Aksiologinės teorijos (klasikinis spiritualizmas, klasikinis natūralizmas, aksiologinis absoliutizmas, aksiologinis reliatyvizmas) klasifikuojamos pagal tai, kaip jos traktuoja vertės ontologinę nepriklausomybę nuo būties ir nuo vertintojo bei epistemologinę vertės nepriklausomybę nuo vertintojo. A. Meinongo teorija priskiriama aksiologiniam reliatyvizmui pažymint, kad gyvenimo pabaigoje jis iš dalies perėjo į aksiologinio absoliutizmo pozicijas. Savo tyrimus A. Meinongas pradėjo įrodymu, kad ekonominės vertybės nėra vienintelės: egzistuoja vertingi dalykai, neturintys ekonominės vertės. Vėlyvuoju laikotarpiu A. Meinongas skyrė subjektyvios asmeninės vertės teoriją ir absoliučios vertės teoriją. Analizuojama asmeninės vertės (jos atmaina yra subjektyvi ekonominė vertė) teorija. A. Meinongas skyrė dvi asmeninės vertės sąvokas – plačiąją ir siaurąją. Plačiąja prasme asmeninę vertę turi kiekvienas dalykas, kuris yra arba gali būti asmens (vertintojo) pozityvaus arba negatyvaus jausmo objektu. Vertę griežtąja prasme turi timologinių jausmų objektai. Aptariami šių jausmų skiriamieji bruožai.

Alex Villas Boas

<p>This article proposes to examine some theories of non-religious spirituality in light of the growing phenomenon of those individuals who declared themselves as having "no religion" by Brazilian religious census conducted in 2010 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The intention here is to identify how the poetic question presents itself as the fundamental element of these proposals about spirituality for authors, since beauty is part of the spiritual quest, as in: Viktor Frankl and existential religiosity grounded in the search for meaning in life; Marià Corbí and his non-religious or secular spirituality; Robert Solomon and his spirituality for skeptics, and André Comte-Sponville and his atheistic spirituality, or spirituality without God. From there, we then present the perception of spirituality in the poetry of the thought of Jean Paul Sartre, primarily in his work “what is Literature?”</p>

Juan Diego Hernández Albarracín

El trabajo que presentamos a continuación tiene la intención de establecer una dinámica hermenéutica sobre el Fausto de Goethe, en donde podremos revisar el comportamiento que desde el fenómeno de la voluntad dentro de la potestad filosófica schopenhaueriana se desenvuelve para negar la felicidad como absoluto, recluyéndola por el contrario, en el terreno de la carencia y la eterna satisfacción de placeres fugaces, cuya extinción paulatina determina el sufrimiento positivo, piso absoluto de nuestra existencia. Generando esta juntura, planteamos una posibilidad fundamental para pensar el fenómeno filosófico de Schopenhauer y su desenvolvimiento temático dentro del terreno poético-literario que nos ofrece la obra en cuestión.

A. Sloman

F. S. Guthery