Hasil untuk "Pharmacy and materia medica"

Machlusil Husna, Kusworini Handono, Hidayat Sujuti et al.

Abstract Epilepsy affects around 50 million people worldwide, with 30% of them being refractory epilepsy. This shows that there is still a need for novel anti-seizure medication that have different mechanisms. One of the most common types of refractory epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy. Among the several effects of seizures on neurons is an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and activation of RhoA. Rapamycin is mTORC1 inhibitor, but long-term exposure to rapamycin (>18 hours) could also inhibit mTORC2. RhoA signaling pathway is regulated through the mTORC2 pathway; thus we hypothesized that long-term exposure to rapamycin could inhibit intracellular Ca2+ and RhoA activity as one of the mTORC2 downstream proteins, in a temporal lobe epilepsy model. This study used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) which were exposed to 20 nM rapamycin treatment for 3, 5, 8, and 10 days after induction of epilepsy by 7 μM kainic acid administration for 48 hours. Intracellular calcium concentration was observed using CLSM and RhoA activity with western blot. The results obtained from this research were long-term administration of rapamycin can decrease intracellular calcium concentration and RhoA activity in OHSC models of epilepsy induced by kainic acid, with the most effective duration is 5 days of exposure to rapamycin.

Zainab Dhia.k, Mohammed K.Hadi

The synthesis of a novel series of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole hydrazide(2-benzo[d]oxazol-2-ylthio) acetohydrazide) derivatives (3a-c, 4a, and 4b) through the use of various  sulfonyl chlorides in dichloromethane  and triethyl amine for the compounds (3a-c) and different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid for the compounds (4a, b). The novel compounds' anti-microbial effectiveness has been evaluated in vitro against two of (G+Ve) and two of (G-Ve) bacteria and for fungal activity. In comparison to other compounds, compounds (3a and 3b) had the most anti-microbial action against  Candida albicans and pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, while compound (3c)   was more effective against gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes) compare with other compounds. By using their ((melting point,  Thin Layer Chromato-graphy , attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared  (ATR-FTIR), and 1 HNMR, the target compounds were identified.

Joar Sabel, Mattias Wingren, Andreas Lundell et al.

The introduction of large language models (LLMs) has greatly enhanced the capabilities of software agents. Instead of relying on rule-based interactions, agents can now interact in flexible ways akin to humans. However, this flexibility quickly becomes a problem in fields where errors can be disastrous, such as in a pharmacy context, but the opposite also holds true; a system that is too inflexible will also lead to errors, as it can become too rigid to handle situations that are not accounted for. Work using LLMs in a pharmacy context have adopted a wide scope, accounting for many different medications in brief interactions -- our strategy is the opposite: focus on a more narrow and long task. This not only enables a greater understanding of the task at hand, but also provides insight into what challenges are present in an interaction of longer nature. The main challenge, however, remains the same for a narrow and wide system: it needs to strike a balance between adherence to conversational requirements and flexibility. In an effort to strike such a balance, we present a prototype system meant to provide medication counseling while juggling these two extremes. We also cover our design in constructing such a system, with a focus on methods aiming to fulfill conversation requirements, reduce hallucinations and promote high-quality responses. The methods used have the potential to increase the determinism of the system, while simultaneously not removing the dynamic conversational abilities granted by the usage of LLMs. However, a great deal of work remains ahead, and the development of this kind of system needs to involve continuous testing and a human-in-the-loop. It should also be evaluated outside of commonly used benchmarks for LLMs, as these do not adequately capture the complexities of this kind of conversational system.

Xuemei Yu, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhenghua Wu et al.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the Compendium of Materia Medica (Shizhen Li, Ming dynasty) and Welfare Pharmacy (Song dynasty), Psoraleae Fructus (PF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a bitter taste and warm nature, which has the effect of treating spleen and kidney deficiency and skin disease. Although PF has been widely used since ancient times and has shown satisfactory efficacy in treating vitiligo, the active substances and the mechanism of PF in promoting melanogenesis remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the active substances and action mechanisms of PF in promoting melanogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, UPLC-UV-Q-TOF/MS was used to characterize the components in PF extract and identify the absorption components and metabolites of PF after oral administration at usual doses in rats. Secondly, the active substances and related targets and pathways were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Finally, pharmacodynamic and molecular biology experiments were used to verify the prediction results. RESULTS The experimental results showed that 15 compounds were identified in PF extract, and 44 compounds, consisting of 8 prototype components and 36 metabolites (including isomers) were identified in rats' plasma. Promising action targets (MAPK1, MAPK8, MAPK14) and signaling pathways (MAPK signaling pathway) were screened and refined to elucidate the mechanism of PF against vitiligo based on network pharmacology. Bergaptol and xanthotol (the main metabolites of PF), psoralen (prototype drug), and PF extract significantly increased melanin production in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, bergaptol could promote the pigmentation of zebrafish embryos more than psoralen and PF extract. Bergaptol significantly increased the protein expression levels of p-P38 and decreased ERK phosphorylation in B16F10 cells, which was also supported by the corresponding inhibitor/activator combination study. Moreover, bergaptol increased the mRNA expression levels of the downstream microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. Our data elucidate that bergaptol may promote melanogenesis by regulating the p-P38 and p-ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study will lay a foundation for discovering potential new drugs for treating vitiligo and provide feasible ideas for exploring the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.

Agnij Bhattacharyya, Debadatta Chakrabarty, Anindya Mukherjee et al.

Background: The acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination by the community was largely affected by information or misinformation spreading through various channels. Hence, in the process of deploying vaccines, it became important to explore the community's knowledge and attitude toward such intervention. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 vaccination among the general population of Kolkata and to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 vaccination among different groups based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, educational qualifications, and occupation. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 389 participants among the patients attending general outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata using a pre-tested questionnaire having sections on knowledge, attitude, and practices toward COVID-19 vaccination. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were then calculated and compared among different groups based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, educational qualifications, occupation, and history of COVID-19 infection. Results: Knowledge was found to differ significantly with respect to education, occupation, socioeconomic status, and history of COVID-19 infection. Attitude showed no variation to these variables, while practice scores were found to be significantly associated with education, socioeconomic status, and history of COVID-19 infection. The unavailability of slots for vaccination was not the reason for anyone remaining unvaccinated. Financial reasons were one of the factors determining vaccine hesitancy in parts of the world before vaccines were available. This study found that 72.8% of participants found vaccines to be inexpensive. Of the participants not having received even a single dose of vaccine, the most common reason was pregnancy and lactation-related issues. Conclusion: The reason behind such associations can be further explored in bigger multicentric studies. Improvement studies may also be carried out to assess the effectiveness of various channels of communication which may aid in figuring out lacunae and planning of similar vaccination drives in the future. [Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 14(1.000): 92-98]

Jiwoong Kim, Seongwook Choi, Chulhong Kim et al.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging noninvasive and label-free method for capturing the vasculature, hemodynamics, and physiological responses following drug delivery. PAI combines the advantages of optical and acoustic imaging to provide high-resolution images with multiparametric information. In recent decades, PAI’s abilities have been used to determine reactivity after the administration of various drugs. This study investigates photoacoustic imaging as a label-free method of monitoring drug delivery responses by observing changes in the vascular system and oxygen saturation levels across various biological tissues. In addition, we discuss photoacoustic studies that monitor the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exogenous contrast agents, offering contrast-enhanced imaging of diseased regions. Finally, we demonstrate the crucial role of photoacoustic imaging in understanding drug delivery mechanisms and treatment processes.

Barbara Zawidlak-Węgrzyńska, Joanna Rydz, Marta Musioł et al.

Since the 1960s, efforts have been made to develop new technologies to eliminate the risk of thrombosis in medical devices that come into contact with blood. Preventing thrombosis resulting from the contact of a medical device, such as an implant, with blood is a challenge due to the high mortality rate of patients and the high cost of medical care. To this end, various types of biomaterials coated with polymer-drug layers are being designed to reduce their thrombogenicity and improve their hemocompatibility. This review presents the latest developments in the use of polymer-drug systems to produce anti-thrombogenic surfaces in medical devices in contact with blood, such as stents, catheters, blood pumps, heart valves, artificial lungs, blood vessels, blood oxygenators, and various types of tubing (such as for hemodialysis) as well as microfluidic devices. This paper presents research directions and potential clinical applications, emphasizing the importance of continued progress and innovation in the field.

Keke Huang, Yu Guang Wang, Ming Li et al.

Spectral Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), alternatively known as graph filters, have gained increasing prevalence for heterophily graphs. Optimal graph filters rely on Laplacian eigendecomposition for Fourier transform. In an attempt to avert prohibitive computations, numerous polynomial filters have been proposed. However, polynomials in the majority of these filters are predefined and remain fixed across different graphs, failing to accommodate the varying degrees of heterophily. Addressing this gap, we demystify the intrinsic correlation between the spectral property of desired polynomial bases and the heterophily degrees via thorough theoretical analyses. Subsequently, we develop a novel adaptive heterophily basis wherein the basis vectors mutually form angles reflecting the heterophily degree of the graph. We integrate this heterophily basis with the homophily basis to construct a universal polynomial basis UniBasis, which devises a polynomial filter based graph neural network - UniFilter. It optimizes the convolution and propagation in GNN, thus effectively limiting over-smoothing and alleviating over-squashing. Our extensive experiments, conducted on a diverse range of real-world and synthetic datasets with varying degrees of heterophily, support the superiority of UniFilter. These results not only demonstrate the universality of UniBasis but also highlight its proficiency in graph explanation.

P. Kumari, H. Mishra, A. Agarwal

Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br.), commonly known as Indian Sarsaparilla is a well-known drug of ayurvedic Materia medica. Acharya charaka has included this plant in agraya prakarana (best among their class drugs) which signifies its role in various digestive and blood diseases. Sariva is reputed for its, deepana (appetizing) and raktashodaka (blood purifying), dahaprasamana (alleviates burning sensations) properties. Traditionally used for curing ailments like stomach pain, fever, venereal diseases like syphilis, upadansha, skin disease, diarrhoea, diabetes, rheumatism and as well-known blood purifier. It has been demonstrated to possess various pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, anti-venom, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-leprotic, wound healing activity. Present paper is an attempt towards validation of therapeutic potential of the drug through animal studies and clinical studies.

Jia-chuan Liu, Haifeng Wang, Y. Pei et al.

P. Shabanov

This article discusses the history of the creation and development of the Department of Pharmacology of the Medico-Surgical (since 1881 Military Medical) Academy for the first 100 years of its existence. The department was created in 1798 as one of the first seven departments of the academy. It taught materia medica, or medicinal substance, which then combined pharmacy, pharmacognosy, and pharmacology. The period was marked by the appearance of the first textbook on pharmacology (A.P. Nelyubin, 1827), opening of the laboratory of experimental pharmacology (O.V. Zabelin, 1868), beginning of a critical revision of the main drugs included in the state pharmacopoeia of that time, based on their experimental studies (P.P. Sushchinsky, 18761889), a detailed description of the principle of conditioned reflexes for studying digestive secretions (I.P. Pavlov, 18951897), and other significant scientific and pedagogical events. In the 19th century, the conceptual apparatus of pharmacology, its scientific methodology, was formed, which was most clearly established at the beginning of the 20th century through the efforts of N.P. Kravkov, S.V. Anichkov, and their scientific followers. However, the works performed at the Department of Pharmacology in the 19th century were not analyzed in detail by anyone; for the most part, they only mentioned the personalities of the people who headed it and their specific, primarily pedagogical successes. This article is intended to fill this gap.

Pei-Xun Yang, Minxuan Liu, Xiaoxue Fan et al.

Review Recent Advances in Natural Plant-based Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Peixun Yang 1,3,4, Minxuan Liu 2,3,4, Xiaoxue Fan 3,4, Xinzhuang Zhang 3,4, Liang Cao 3,4, Zhenzhong Wang 3,4, and Wei Xiao 3,4, * 1 Kanion School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, China 2 School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, China 3 National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China 4 Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China * Correspondence: xw_kanion@163.com ( Wei Xiao)     Received: 23 March 2023 Accepted: 10 May 2023   Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CDV) is the primary cause of death in the world, and myocardial ischemia (MI) is one of the high-risk CVDs. The myocardial blood supply must be restored as soon as possible to reduce the mortality risk, however, reperfusion itself paradoxically leads to further death of cardiomyocytes and increases the infarct size; this is known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). The pathological mechanism of MIRI is complex, and current research mainly focuses on oxidative stress, dysfunctional mitochondrial energy metabolism, Ca 2+ overload, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) and the inflammatory response. This review briefly summarizes the mechanism of MIRI, and natural plant product (NPP) components proven to ameliorate MIRI and their related signaling pathways. NPPs can alleviate MIRI by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, ERs, Ca 2+ overload and mitochondrial function maintenance. This review will deepen our understanding of how NPPs reduce MIRI and the future value of NPPs in cardio-protection.

Lisa Winters

Toledo and Salerno. Chapter 4 confronts the early modern Galenic tradition with the world of Nahua materia medica and examines bioprospecting projects in the context of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Chapter 5 examines the interactions of Galenic pharmacy with the tradition of alchemical pharmacy in the late seventeenth century and the emergence of the ‘chemico-Galenic’ compromise. De Vos’s clear and methodical presentation of each topic is supported by tables and other illustrative materials. Additionally, several valuable supplements make this book a solid reference for research and teaching: four maps illustrate the wide geographical and temporal reach of her project, and six appendixes (two of them available online) will be a welcome source for researchers, teachers and students alike. With its incisive and timely contributions to debates surrounding the global turn and focus on material and artisanal practice, as well as its erudite and patient presentation of source material, De Vos’s book will be of great interest to readers of histories of pharmacy and medicine.

Zhe Wang, Yi-xuan Zhang, Jun-Zhuo Shi et al.

Article The Mechanism of Triacetyl Andrographolide in Inhibiting Proliferation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Zhe Wang 1,#, Yi-Xuan Zhang 2,#, Jun-Zhuo Shi 1,#, Chen-Chen Wang 1, Meng-Qi Zhang 1, Yi Yan 3, Yan-Ran Wang 1, Lu-Ling Zhao 1, Jie-Jian Kou 4, Qing-Hui Zhao 5, Xin-Mei Xie 1, Yang-Yang He 1,2, Jun-Ke Song 6,*, Guang Han 1,7,*, and Xiao-Bin Pang 1,2,* 1 School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China 3 Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China 4 Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China 5 Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China 6 Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China 7 Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, Kaifeng 475004, China. * Correspondence: smilejunke@imm.ac.cn (Jun-Ke Song); hang@henu.edu.cn ( Guang Han); pxb@vip.henu.edu.cn ( Xiao-Bin Pang)     Received: 17 April 2023 Accepted: 27 July 2023   Abstract: This study examines the impact of triacetyl-diacyllactone (ADA) on the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and elucidates its underlying mechanism. PASMCs derived from SD rats were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into four groups: control group, administration group, model group, and model administration group. The appropriate concentration of ADA for intervention was determined using the MTT assay. The proliferation ability of PASMCs in each group was assessed using the EdU assay. The migration ability of PASMCs in each group was evaluated using the Scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression levels of BMPR2, PCNA, and TGF-β1, as well as the phosphorylation levels of SMAD1 and SMAD2/3 in PASMCs from each group. Results show that at a concentration of 5 µmol/L, ADA did not impact the cell activity of PASMCs and instead exerted inhibitory effects on both the proliferation and migration of PASMCs induced by PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB was found to upregulate the expression levels of PCNA and TGF-β1, while downregulating the expression of BMPR2. Furthermore, PDGF-BB led to enhanced protein phosphorylation of SMAD1 and SMAD2/3. However, following ADA intervention, the expression levels of PCNA and TGF-β1 decreased, while the expression of BMPR2 increased. Additionally, protein phosphorylation of SMAD1 and SMAD2/3 decreased. Therefore, ADA can hinder the proliferation and migration of PASMCs induced by PDGF-BB, as well as suppress the upregulation of PCNA and TGF-β1 caused by PDGF-BB. Furthermore, the downregulation of BMPR2 may be associated with the inhibition of SMAD1 and SMAD2/3 signaling pathways.

Marhaba Khanam

Different herbs and their constituents are used for medicinal purposes by approximately 80 percent of the world population, which is evidenced by the rapidly growing global and national markets of herbal drugs. This review is aimed at presenting an overview of the medicinal properties of P. vulgare, its phytoconstituents and diverse pharmacological activities. To retrieve the information related to this drug, a thorough literature survey was undertaken using the various classical Unani and Herbal literature books viz., Al-Qānūn fi’l Tibb, Makhzan al-Mufradat, Kanzul Advia Mufradah, Ilmul Adwiya Nafisi, Taj al-Mufradat, Indian Materia Medica, Indian Medicinal Plants among others. Further, for other traditional uses, phytoconstituents, pharmacological activities and research studies of the drug, various online bibliographic databases like Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus were meticulously searched. The keywords used for the search included “Polypodium vulgare”, “Bisfayej”, “Polypody root and rhizome”, “Phytoconstituents of Polypodium vulgare”. P vulgare is proven to possess neuro-psycho-pharmacological, CNS depressant and anti-epileptic activity through its anti-cholinesterase and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) stimulatory effect. Various clinical researches validate the use of P vulgare in the management of conditions such as Epilepsy, Arthritis, Leprosy, Melancholy and Alzheimer’s disease. Further studies are needed to unravel its other pharmacological activities.

Pallavi Joshi, P. Vyas, H. Singhal

The Ayurveda system of medicine has appreciable antiquity, dating back to about 5000 years B.C. Materia Medica of Ayurveda contains resources in the form of drugs derived from plant, animal, metal, and mineral sources. Gold is found in the form of fine gold dust, red colloidal solution, Suvarnapatra, Suvarnabhasma, Suvarnaparpati, Kharaliya (triturated) formulations, and Sindoorkalpa. These are used in single or in combination form along with Ghrita and Madhu (honey) to enhance Medhya (intellect) and Rasayana (rejuvenation). Bhasmas are Ayurvedic metal-based preparations manufactured through various steps along with the use of certain herbs. Thus converting raw metal into its therapeutic active form known as Suvarna Bhasma. This Suvarna Bhasama is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine that contains nano and colloidal gold particles. In this review article, the author tries to gather all available information on gold that establishes its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-rheumatic and antioxidant properties through published research articles and experimental and clinical studies.

Rini Hamsidi, Myrna Adianti, M. Septriana et al.

Safflower plant (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has been reported to be effective for treating people with measles, hypertension, stomach ache, malaria and cholesterol issues. This study aims to assess specific and non-specific parameters of characteristics for the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius L. flowers and its antioxidant properties. The specific parameters include the extract’s organoleptic properties, while the non-specific parameters include the drying shrinkage, microbial contamination content, ash content, as well as the extract’s solubility in water and ethanol according to Materia Medica Indonesia and Pharmacopeia Herbal Indonesia. An antioxidant activity assay was performed using the DPPH method. According to the results, the deep red, viscous organoleptic extract had a distinctive odor, as well as an astringent or chelate taste, and an Rf value of 0.79. Furthermore, the extract contained 0.12% of water-soluble compounds, 0.22% ethanol-soluble compounds, and several phytochemical groups, including flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, quinones, and steroids. According to the non-specific parameters, the extracts demonstrated 1.02%, 0.2237%, 0.96%, 0.23%, and 0.91% for weight, acid-insoluble ash content, dry shrinkage, ash content, and water content, respectively. Meanwhile, the microbial contaminant load was ˂ 1.0 × 10-1 colony/mL, alongside ˂ 1.0 × 10-1 colony/mL of mold/yeast. The C. tinctorius L. ethanol extract was observed to show significant antioxidant activities, evidenced by an IC50 which measured 2.511ppm, based on DPPH analysis. A similar outcome was also reported for the ethanol flower extract, which was further determined to fulfil both non-specific and specific standardization parameters.

Sri Hartati Yuliani, Dina Christin Ayuning Putri, Dita Maria Virginia et al.

Extemporaneous preparations are still widely prescribed for pediatric patients with special treatments of certain doses and/or combinations of drugs. Several problems related to extemporaneous preparations have been linked to the incidence of adverse events or a lack of therapeutic effectiveness. Developing nations are facing the challenges of compounding practices. The prevalence of compounded medication in developing nations must be explored to determine the urgency of compounding practices. Furthermore, the risks and challenges are described and explained through investigation and collection of numerous scientific articles from reputable databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Pediatric patients need compounded medication related to the appropriate dosage form and dosage adjustment. Notably, it is important to observe extemporaneous preparations in order to provide patient-oriented medication.

Noora Kadhim Hadi Alyasari, Wisam Hussein Selman

The objective of this investigation was to find out whether L-carnitine-loaded nanoparticle (LCn) could reduce the reproductive toxicity of cypermethrin (CYP), the widely used insecticide in veterinary medicine in male rats. Twenty male Wistar rats that weighed between 210 and 240 g were split into four groups and treated daily for 2 months. The control group was given 0.9% normal saline solution daily. The second group received CYP (3.83 mg/kg b. w. p. o.) daily. The third group was administered with LCn and CYP (50 mg/kg b. wt. p. o. and 3.83 mg/kg b. wt. p. o., respectively) daily, whereas the fourth group received LCn alone (50 mg/kg b. wt. p. o.) daily. On day 60, all rats were sacrificed and samples were collected. CYP-treated animals exhibited inhibition of testicular anti-oxidative stress mechanisms, testicular steroidogenesis enzyme activity (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3β-HSD] and 17β-HSD), and downregulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene expression. In addition, it decreased testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and LH levels and had detrimental consequences for sperm quality. LCn attenuated CYP-induced reproductive toxicity via the alleviation of testicular oxidative stress status, improvement of steroidogenic enzyme activity, and upregulation of StAR gene expression, which are probably responsible for the concomitant improvement in testicular hormonal levels and improvement in sperm properties. Intriguingly, LCn treatment alone could enhance the functions of the male reproductive system.

Dilcy Morgana Barros Maciel Cabral Davino, Ianara Acioli de Freitas Melo, Samara Almeida de Souza Griz et al.

 Introdução: A automedicação, prática rotineira vivenciada por grande parte da população, consiste no consumo de um determinado medicamento sem prescrição médica, para aliviar os sintomas e tratar doenças. Quando praticada corretamente, a automedicação pode também contribuir para aliviar financeiramente os sistemas de saúde pública. Porém, o uso indiscriminado dos medicamentos, pode acarretar resultados indesejáveis. A informação adquirida sobre o uso de medicamentos proporciona maior confiança para a prática entre os estudantes universitários, em especial, os da área da saúde. No Brasil, mais pesquisas e ações precisam ser realizadas, pois há deficiência de dados úteis para combater a automedicação irresponsável, estimulando o uso racional de medic amentos conforme recomendado pela OMS. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil de consumo de medicamentos por graduandos do curso de farmácia, além de esclarecer e conscientizar os futuros profissionais farmacêuticos sobre automedicação, pois serão os principais responsáveis por orientar a população sobre os riscos dessa prática. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de caráter descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, com acadêmicos matriculados no 1o semestre de 2018 em todos os períodos do curso de farmácia de uma instituição de ensino superior, no município de Maceió-AL. Os dados foram coletados, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) divulgada através do Parecer Consubstanciado (número: 2.436.431), através da aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) pelos alunos concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Resultados: O estudo contou com amostra de 225 graduandos, sendo 74,2% do sexo feminino, prevalecendo a faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos e o estado civil solteiro. Apesar de 88,4% relatar ter conhecimento sobre a automedicação, os resultados indicaram a prática por parte dos discentes, pois 68,4% informou se automedicar, 58,2% adquirem medicamentos sem receita, 86,2% estocam medicamentos em casa, as principais classes consumidas são os analgésicos, na forma farmacêutica de comprimidos e o principal motivo foi para dores em geral, tanto para automedicação como de uso contínuo. Quanto à influência no uso de medicamentos, 56,0% consultam o farmacêutico, 32,9% receberam indicações por parte de familiares, amigos ou vizinhos e 53,3% as propagandas de medicamentos chamam atenção para compra, principalmente por TV/Rádio. Quando analisada a mudança de no perfil de consumo dos graduandos, notou-se que 72,30% mudou seu comportamento, e destes, 84,4% reduziram o consumo de medicamentos. Conclusão: Felizmente, foi verificado que existe uma mudança positiva no comportamento de consumo com redução em todos os períodos, provavelmente relacionada ao conhecimento adquirido durante a graduação, tendo consciência dos danos que a automedicação inconsciente pode causar à saúde.