Hasil untuk "Motion pictures"

Gabriele

In the process of the emancipation of film music that took place in the first decades after World War II, the filmography of Michelangelo Antonioni and Andrei Tarkovsky offers multiple points of interest. Tarkovsky’s well-established relationship with Eduard Artemiev, matured within the Moscow studio, allowed Tarkovsky to use electronic sounds in some of his films, such as Solaris, in a manner far removed from the worn-out standards of science-fiction cinema. Likewise, Antonioni found in the music of Vittorio Gielmetti a suitable aural commentary on the mental disorders of the protagonist in Deserto rosso, inserting electronic music into the palette to describe the horizons of the inner human psyche. In both cases, the presence of noise is effectively combined with music to create a very complex sound texture.

Romy Castro

Focados na materialidade da arte - no uso transfigurador das matérias -, examinaremos a estratégia artística associada à Instalação A Terra como Acontecimento exposta no Museu Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, para pensar novas relações da arte com a Terra, o horizonte último da experiência Humana. Instalar toneladas de carvões, no raso do chão/pedra, implica uma ação in situ, experienciando e transformando a especificidade geográfica, arquitetónica e espiritual do local de acolhimento, num posicionamento onde a instalação produzida, implica uma espécie de dobrado do espaço-tempo, e a inserção dos que a visitam cria novas formas de pensar/sentir, politicamente ativas. As matérias expostas, na sua natureza geológica de substância, dotadas de uma histórica singular, que liga o carvão à exploração mineira e à produção de energia, base da industrialização moderna. Esse carvão negro e frio, sendo o efeito do trabalhar milenar da natureza, contem invisivelmente energia e luz que pode ter usos mais humanos - uma energia que alimente a vida e a ilumine. Daí a introdução de matérias lumínicas-néons, que parecem posicionar-se nas antípodas do carvão, soterrados nessa matéria bruta, deixam emergir outras formas de luz e permitem outros destinos para as matérias/territórios. 

Rafi Rizqy Firdaus, Serge Richard

Based on explicit computations, various concepts of discrete time scattering theory are reviewed, discussed, and illustrated. The dynamics are taking place on a discrete half-space. All operators are represented graphically. The expressions obtained for the wave operators lead to an easily visualized interpretation of Wold's decomposition, a seminal result of operator theory. This work is clearly pedagogically oriented with the aim of providing explicit formulas and pictures for usually unexplicit operators.

Thawatchai Mayteevarunyoo, Boris A. Malomed

We report results of systematic investigation of dynamics featured by moving two-dimensional (2D) solitons generated by the fractional nonlinear Schroedinger equation (FNLSE) with the cubic-quintic nonlinearity. The motion of solitons is a nontrivial problem, as the fractional diffraction breaks the Galilean invariance of the underlying equation. The addition of the defocusing quintic term to the focusing cubic one is necessary to stabilize the solitons against the collapse. The setting presented here can be implemented in nonlinear optical waveguides emulating the fractional diffraction. Systematic consideration identifies parameters of moving fundamental and vortex solitons (with vorticities 0 and 1 or 2, respectively) and maximum velocities up to which stable solitons persist, for characteristic values of the Levy index which determines the fractionality of the underlying model. Outcomes of collisions between 2D solitons moving in opposite directions are identified too. These are merger of the solitons, quasi-elastic or destructive collisions, and breakup of the two colliding solitons into a quartet of secondary ones.

Paula Magrinya, Pablo Palacios, Pablo Llombart et al.

The interaction of surfaces in relative motion in wet environments is dominated by lubrication forces, which play a pivotal role in the dynamics of microscopic systems. Here, we develop motile vesicles that exploit lubrication forces to roll on substrates. The activity of the vesicle comes from the confined rotational flow generated by a driven rotating particle encapsulated within the vesicle by droplet-microfluidics. Lubrication forces driving vesicle rolling are controlled by membrane mechanics and its tribological properties. This provides the design principles for motile vesicles that exploit frictional forces to efficiently navigate through complex environments.

François Clapuyt, V. Vanacker, K. Oost

Fabian T Ramseyer

Nonverbal behavior is a central factor influencing the therapeutic relationship. Despite broad agreement on its importance, empirical studies assessing nonverbal behavior in counseling and psychotherapy are relatively scarce and often limited to few cases. One restraining factor may be the resources needed when assessing nonverbal behavior. Movement dynamics are an exemplary aspect of nonverbal behavior that can be captured with computer vision-a discipline concerned with the automated analysis of footage captured on video. One of the simplest methods requiring no special detectors, devices, or markers on patients or therapists is based on the assessment of differences in sequences of pictures (frames) found in video recordings. Algorithms of so-called frame-differencing methods may be implemented on commonly available computers, and they provide a good, straightforward assessment of, for example, patients' and therapists' movement dynamics in counseling and therapy sessions. Frame-differencing methods in psychology date back 36 years, but their use in counseling and psychotherapy research is only recently gaining momentum. In this introductory article, the use of one specific application suitable for the assessment of human motion from archival video material is presented. Motion energy analysis (MEA) is a procedure particularly appropriate for clinicians and researchers who have access to recordings of sessions or who wish to record their own video material. Focusing on the phenomenon of nonverbal synchrony-the coordination of movement between patient and therapist-a step-by-step demonstration of the stages involved in a successful application of MEA in psychotherapy research is provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Farhad Nawaz, Tianyu Li, Nikolai Matni et al.

We propose a Dynamical System (DS) approach to learn complex, possibly periodic motion plans from kinesthetic demonstrations using Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODE). To ensure reactivity and robustness to disturbances, we propose a novel approach that selects a target point at each time step for the robot to follow, by combining tools from control theory and the target trajectory generated by the learned NODE. A correction term to the NODE model is computed online by solving a quadratic program that guarantees stability and safety using control Lyapunov functions and control barrier functions, respectively. Our approach outperforms baseline DS learning techniques on the LASA handwriting dataset and complex periodic trajectories. It is also validated on the Franka Emika robot arm to produce stable motions for wiping and stirring tasks that do not have a single attractor, while being robust to perturbations and safe around humans and obstacles.

Giulia Scomazzon

Moses May-Hobbs

Harun Farocki's films make use of a category of images the director calls “operational”, a term describing images, either photographic or computer-generated, that perform or participate in tasks, usually in military or industrial settings. Treatments of Farocki's films have frequently used the notion of the operational image uncritically, and without comparing Farocki's definition of these images with existing semiotic categories. This article seeks to situate Farocki's operational imagery within a theory of visual communication, and to explore the implications of automated and instrumental imagery for theories of communication in general. Abandoning the focus in much Farocki scholarship on the representative properties of operational imagery, this article focuses on the world-shaping abilities of images that are integral to war and labour. Drawing primarily on Farocki's Eye / Machine I–III series (Auge / Maschine, 2000–2003) the article then elaborates on the ways in which the world-shaping capacity of operational images conditions human perception and action. In particular, the limitations imposed by operational images upon human actors who interact with them, or live in environments orchestrated by them, reduce the essential role played by indeterminacy and interpretation in communication.

J. Chen, Ai Xian Zhang, Si Jia Qian et al.

The purpose of our study was to determine whether smartphone photography is as reliable and valid as clinical goniometry for measuring interphalangeal joint range of motion. We conducted a retrospective review of 37 fingers in 33 patients after flexor tendon repair. The measurements on photographs taken with a smartphone by a surgeon were compared with manual measurements with goniometry by the same surgeon. Pearson coefficients and interclass correlation coefficients were all above 0.85, and Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated that at least 35 of 37 measurements were within the 95% confidence interval in all variables. According to the Tang criteria, the total number of excellent and good results were equivalent according to both methods. There was high interobserver reliability between measurements by surgeons and a therapist. We conclude that if the pictures are properly taken, the measurement of the angles in the smartphone pictures are as reliable as measuring the angles with goniometry and that grading of the results according to the two methods gives identical results.

Ning Yan, Dong Liu, Houqiang Li et al.

Fractional-pixel motion compensation (MC) improves the efficiency of inter prediction and has been utilized extensively in video coding standards. The traditional methods of fractional-pixel MC usually follow the approach of interpolation, i.e., they adopt different kinds of filters, either fixed or adaptive, to interpolate fractional-pixel values from integer-pixel values in a reference picture. Different from the interpolation approach, in this paper, we formulate the fractional-pixel MC as an inter-picture regression problem, which is to predict the pixel values of the current to-be-coded picture from the integer-pixel values of a reference picture, given a fractional-pixel motion vector that relates the two pictures. We then propose to adopt convolutional neural network (CNN) models to approach the regression problem, inspired by the recent advances of CNN. Accordingly, we propose fractional-pixel reference generation CNN (FRCNN) for both uni-directional and bi-directional MC in video coding. We further investigate how to train FRCNN by using encoded video sequences, and empirically study the effect of different training data and different CNN structures. Moreover, we propose to integrate FRCNN into the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) scheme, and perform a comprehensive set of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of FRCNN. The experimental results show that our proposed FRCNN achieves on average 3.9%, 2.7%, and 1.3% bits saving compared with HEVC, under low-delay P, low-delay B, and random-access configurations, respectively.

Wolfgang Schmidt, Peter Strangfeld, Eduard Volker et al.

The sea level is rising, and floods threaten the infrastructure all over the world; therefore, we should identify the risks for envelops of buildings and settlements. The risks arise due to the new boundary conditions and a direct contact between the water flows in motion. A floating construction site requires a manifold adaptation of structures. The paper demonstrates the effect of water waves on floating houses built on abandoned open pit mines. Pictures of destroyed accessways to such properties have proven the need to study the effect of water waves on floating houses. In order to minimize the time and spending on experimental activities, some of the field studies should be replaced by numerical simulations using modern computing equipment and ANSYS FLUENT, ANSYS MECHANICAL FSI, and ANSYS AQWA software. The results can be validated using a hydraulic testing channel (15 x 5 m), a floating platform near the harbor of Lake Gro r schener See and floating houses in the Lusatian Lakeland. The results demonstrate the wave forces acting on the structures of the pontoons. New connection elements, adapted versions of materials and structures have been developed, water waves are damped, and options for the wave energy use have been analyzed.

Robert A. Kapp

Audrey Bürki, F. -Xavier Alario, Shravan Vasishth

In the picture-word interference paradigm, participants name pictures while ignoring a written or spoken distractor word. Naming times to the pictures are slowed down by the presence of the distractor word. Various properties of the distractor modulate this slow down, for example naming times are shorter with frequent vs. infrequent distractors. Building on this line of research, the present study investigates in more detail the impact of distractor and target word properties on picture naming times. We report the results of several Bayesian meta-analyses, based on 35 datasets. The aim of the first analysis was to obtain an estimation of the size of the distractor frequency effect, and of its precision, in typical picture-word interference experiments where this variable is not manipulated. The analysis shows that a one-unit increase in log frequency results in response times to the pictures decreasing by about 4ms (95% Credible Interval: [-6, -2]). With the second and third analyses, we show that after accounting for the effect of frequency, two variables known to influence processing times in visual word processing tasks also influence picture naming times: distractor length and orthographic neighborhood. Finally, we found that distractor word frequency and target word frequency interact; the effect of distractor frequency decreases as the frequency of the target word increases. We discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of these findings, as well as the importance of obtaining high-precision estimates of experimental effects.

Maarten W. A. Wijntjes, Mitchell van Zuijlen

Relating human judgements to pictures is central to a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Pictures are used to evoke and study faculties of the human mind, while human input is used to label, understand and model pictorial representations. Human input is often collected through online crowdsourcing experiments. This paper discusses the usage of crowdsourcing in two major branches of picture-centered research, human and computer vision, and identifies novel directions such as art history and design. We demonstrate that a wide variety of experiments can be conducted by using p5.js, a library originally intended to facilitate visual creation. We report five complementary experimental paradigms to illustrated the accessibility and versatility of p5.js: Change blindness, BubbleView, 3D shape perception, Composition, and Perspective reconstruction. Results reveal that literature findings can be reproduced and novel insights can easily be achieved with the p5.js library. The creative freedom of p5.js combined with low threshold access to crowdsourcing seems like a powerful combination for all picture-centred research areas: perception, design, art history, communication, and beyond.

Manuel Castillo-Lopez, Philippe Ludivig, Seyed Amin Sajadi-Alamdari et al.

Uncertain dynamic obstacles, such as pedestrians or vehicles, pose a major challenge for optimal robot navigation with safety guarantees. Previous work on motion planning has followed two main strategies to provide a safe bound on an obstacle's space: a polyhedron, such as a cuboid, or a nonlinear differentiable surface, such as an ellipsoid. The former approach relies on disjunctive programming, which has a relatively high computational cost that grows exponentially with the number of obstacles. The latter approach needs to be linearized locally to find a tractable evaluation of the chance constraints, which dramatically reduces the remaining free space and leads to over-conservative trajectories or even unfeasibility. In this work, we present a hybrid approach that eludes the pitfalls of both strategies while maintaining the original safety guarantees. The key idea consists in obtaining a safe differentiable approximation for the disjunctive chance constraints bounding the obstacles. The resulting nonlinear optimization problem is free of chance constraint linearization and disjunctive programming, and therefore, it can be efficiently solved to meet fast real-time requirements with multiple obstacles. We validate our approach through mathematical proof, simulation and real experiments with an aerial robot using nonlinear model predictive control to avoid pedestrians.

Y. Bocanegra, Adolfo M. García, F. Lopera et al.

&NA; Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show marked impairments in processing action verbs, and to a lesser extent, concrete (specially, manipulable) nouns. However, it is still unclear to what extent deficits in each of these categories are influenced by more general cognitive dysfunctions, and whether they are modulated by the words' implied motility. To examine these issues, we evaluated 49 non‐demented PD patients and 49 healthy volunteers in an oral production task. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI and PD‐nMCI, respectively). Participants named pictures of actions varying in motion content (low and high) and of objects varying in manipulability (low and high). The PD‐MCI group showed deficits across all four categories. However, PD‐nMCI patients exhibited a selective difficulty for high‐motion action verbs. This finding corroborates and refines previous results suggesting that disturbances of action‐related lexico‐semantic information in PD constitute a sui generis alteration manifested early in the course of the disease's physiopathology. Moreover, it suggests that the grounding of action verbs on motor circuits could depend on fine‐grained intracategorical semantic distinctions. HighlightsWe examined processing of action verbs and nouns in Parkinson's disease (PD).We assessed patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI and PD‐nMCI).In PD‐MCI, deficits emerged for both action verbs and manipulable nouns.In PD‐nMCI, only action verbs with high motion content were disrupted.Action‐verb deficits may represent an early, sui generis alteration in PD.

C. A. Cremonini, P. A. Grassi

We study super-Chern-Simons theory on a generic supermanifold. After a self-contained review of integration on supermanifolds, the complexes of forms (superforms, pseudoforms and integral forms) and the extended Cartan calculus are discussed. We then introduce Picture Changing Operators and their mathematical properties. We show that the free equations of motion reduce to the usual Chern-Simons equations proving on-shell equivalence between the formulations at different pictures of the same theory. Finally, we discuss the interaction terms. They require a suitable definition in order to take into account the picture number. This leads to the construction of a series of non-associative products which yield an A ∞ algebra structure, sharing several similarities with the super string field theory action by Erler, Konopka and Sachs.

Laura Bishop, Carlos Cancino-Chacón, Werner Goebl

Skilled ensemble musicians coordinate with high precision, even when improvising or interpreting loosely-defined notation. Successful coordination is supported primarily through shared attention to the musical output; however, musicians also interact visually, particularly when the musical timing is irregular. This study investigated the performance conditions that encourage visual signalling and interaction between ensemble members. Piano and clarinet duos rehearsed a new piece as their body motion was recorded. Analyses of head movement showed that performers communicated gesturally following held notes. Gesture patterns became more consistent as duos rehearsed, though consistency dropped again during a final performance given under no-visual-contact conditions. Movements were smoother and interperformer coordination was stronger during irregularly-timed passages than elsewhere in the piece, suggesting heightened visual interaction. Performers moved more after rehearsing than before, and more when they could see each other than when visual contact was occluded. Periods of temporal instability and increased familiarity with the music and co-performer seem to encourage visual interaction, while specific communicative gestures are integrated into performance routines through rehearsal. We propose that visual interaction may support successful ensemble performance by affirming coordination throughout periods of temporal instability and serving as a social motivator to promote creative risk-taking.