Bearing faults are a typical failure mode in motors. Traditional diagnostic methods based on vibration signals face high costs and strong noise interference, while current signal-based methods struggle to extract fault features due to dominant fundamental components. To address these issues, this paper proposes an intelligent diagnostic method. This method suppresses interference from fundamental current components and main harmonics through a time-shift cancellation technique, converts preprocessed one-dimensional signals into two-dimensional time-frequency feature maps using the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD), performs cropping and stitching on these maps according to bearing fault characteristic frequencies, and finally the object detection model is built based on YOLO11 for automatic fault positioning and classification. Experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves up to 99.54% diagnostic accuracy under steady-state operating conditions, and can effectively extracts features from low-sampling-frequency current signals, significantly reducing hardware costs. Compared with traditional vibration signal methods, it exhibits stronger noise resistance and lower hardware dependence. Additionally, the three-stage diagnosis framework, consisting of signal preprocessing, time-frequency feature extraction, and intelligent classification, offers a low-cost and high-reliability solution for effective fault diagnosis of motor bearings.
Emilia Antonio, Nicolas Pulik, Susan Khader Ibrahim
et al.
Abstract Background Priority setting for research on epidemic/pandemic-prone pathogens is essential for the allocation of limited resources to optimise impact. It involves the identification of gaps in knowledge crucial to effective preparedness and response to outbreaks. This review maps priority-setting exercises, reviews their approaches to research prioritisation and describes associated monitoring and evaluation processes for research priorities on high-consequence pathogens. Methods Using search terms associated with high-consequence pathogens, as defined by the WHO (2020), EMERGE (2019), European CDC (2022) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2021), and research prioritisation, we searched WHO Global Index Medicus; Ovid Medline; Ovid Embase; Ovid Global Health; and Scopus. Grey literature sources were Google Scholar and the WHO websites, complemented by recommendations from stakeholder consultation. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full-texts including documents describing research prioritisation activities. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. Results We identified 125 publications presenting priority setting activities on 17 high-consequence pathogens published between 1975 and 2022. Most (62%) were related to SARS-CoV-2, 5.6% to Ebola virus and 5% to Zika virus. Three different broad approaches to setting priorities were identified, most (53%) involved external consultations with experts. Few (6%) indicated plans to monitor progress against set priorities. Conclusions Our results highlight the diversity in research prioritisation practice in the context of high-consequence pathogens and a limited application of the existing standards in health research prioritisation. An increased uptake of these standards and harmonisation of practice may improve quality and confidence and ultimately improve alignment of funded research with the resulting priorities.
We prove that horn maps associated to quadratic semi-parabolic fixed points of Hénon maps, first introduced by Bedford, Smillie, and Ueda, satisfy a weak form of the Ahlfors island property. As a consequence, two natural definitions of their Julia set (the non-normality locus of the family of iterates and the closure of the set of the repelling periodic points) coincide. As another consequence, we also prove that there exist small perturbations of semi-parabolic Hénon maps for which the Hausdorff dimension of the forward Julia set $J^+$ is arbitrarily close to 4.
Given a complex balanced manifold $X$ and a compact complex manifold $S$ equipped with a positive volume form $dV>0$ and satisfying an extra condition such that $\mbox{dim}\,S\geq\mbox{dim}\,X -1$, we construct a moment map for the action of the Lie group of biholomorphisms of $S$ that preserve $dV$ onto the space of holomorphic maps $f:S\longrightarrow X$ that satisfy a certain condition with respect to the Bott-Chern cohomology class of the balanced metric of $X$. The purpose is twofold: to study such maps as a possible addition to some very recent hyperbolicity notions involving holomorphic maps with a certain type of growth from some $\C^p$, rather than $S$, to $X$; and to lay the groundwork for a possible future construction of balanced quotients as an analogue of the classical symplectic quotients.
ABSTRACTIn recent years, the police intervention strategy “Hot spots policing” has been effective in combating crimes. However, as cities are under the intense pressure of increasing crime and scarce police resources, police patrols are expected to target more accurately at finer geographic units rather than ballpark “hot spot” areas. This study aims to develop an algorithm using geographic information to detect crime patterns at street level, the so-called “hot street”, to further assist the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in capturing crime change and transitive moments efficiently. The algorithm applies Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique onto street networks, rather than traditional areal units, in one case study borough in London; it then maps the detected crime “hot streets” by crime type. It was found that the algorithm could successfully generate “hot street” maps for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), enabling more effective allocation of police patrolling; and bear enough resilience itself for the Strategic Crime Analysis (SCA) team’s sustainable utilization, by either updating the inputs with latest data or modifying the model parameters (i.e. the kernel function, and the range of spillover). Moreover, this study explores contextual characteristics of crime “hot streets” by applying various regression models, in recognition of the best fitted Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, encompassing eight significant contextual factors with their varied effects on crimes at different streets. Having discussed the impact of lockdown on crime rates, it was apparent that the land-use driven mobility change during lockdown was a fundamental reason for changes in crime. Overall, these research findings have provided evidence and practical suggestions for crime prevention to local governors and policy practitioners, through more optimal urban planning (e.g. Low Traffic Neighborhoods), proactive policing (e.g. in the listed top 10 “Hot Streets” of crime), publicizing of laws and regulations, and installations of security infrastructures (e.g. CCTV cameras and traffic signals).
Hendra Mayatopani, Nurdiana Handayani, Ri Sabti Septarini
et al.
Wild plants or weeds often become enemies or disturb the main cultivated plants. In its development, wild plants or weeds actually have ingredients that are beneficial to the body and can be used as medicine. However, many people still need knowledge about the types of weed plants that have medicinal properties, especially the leaves. The purpose of this research is to classify the image of weed leaves with medicinal properties based on color and texture characteristics with an artificial neural network using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). To improve information in feature extraction, RGB and HSV color features are used as well as texture features with Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Furthermore, the results of feature extraction will be identified as groups or classes with the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm which divides the input pattern into several groups so that the network output is in the form of a group that is most similar to the input provided. The test produces a precision value of 91.11%, a recall value of 88.17% and an accuracy value of 89.44%. The results of the accuracy of the SOM model for image classification on medicinal weed leaves are in the good category.
Water detection from SAR imagery has significant values, such as the flood monitoring and environmental protection. Nowadays, significant progress has been achieved in water detection using deep neural network (DNN) methods, but the blackbox behavior incurs many doubts in the performance of deep learning techniques, which undermines its trustworthiness in water detection from SAR imagery. By integrating SAR domain knowledge, DNN and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), an explainable DNN framework for surface water detection is proposed for the first time. This framework includes three parts: the water extraction network containing four backbone networks, the Local and Global Mixed Attribution (LGMA) module for performance evaluation of backbone network, and the Semantic Specific-class Activation Mapping (SSAM) module, which performs geo-visualization for the output layers of high-level features. In the experiment, SAR images from different resolutions and frequency-bands are utilized, which are from millimeter-wave and Sentinel-1 systems. The attribution maps and heatmaps of four backbone networks are assessed towards the final water extraction results. The experiment indicates that the proposed framework can glass-box the decision-making process of DNN in water detection and offer corresponding attribution analytics for given input SAR imagery. This work encourages other scholars to conduct extensive research on the explanation of DNN in SAR domain, gradually establish the trustworthiness of DNN, and promote the development of DNN in SAR images analytics.
Abstract Let A ⊂ B(H) be a row contraction and Φ_A determined by A be a completely positive map on B(H). In this paper, we mainly consider fixed points of Φ_A and its dual map {Φ_A}^ † . It is given that Φ_A(X) ≤ X (or Φ_A(X) ≥ X) implies Φ_A(X) = X and {Φ_A}^ † (X) = X when X ∈ B(H) is a compact operator. Some necessary conditions of Φ_A(X) = X and {Φ_A}^ † (X) = X are given. MR (2010) Subject Classification 47A05; 47A62
Ordinary maps satisfy topological recursion for a certain spectral curve $(x, y)$. We solve a conjecture from arXiv:1710.07851 that claims that fully simple maps, which are maps with non self-intersecting disjoint boundaries, satisfy topological recursion for the exchanged spectral curve $(y, x)$, making use of the topological recursion for ciliated maps arXiv:2105.08035.
This article has three aims, all of them related to the theory and practice of intertextuality. Firstly, the article makes an attempt to reconstruct the Augustinian-Lutheran type of discourse. A number of modern theologians and historians of philosophy have observed that the main currents within Christian theology have their basis in a specific discourse organization of textual utterances. With reference to these observations, the article maps out some dominant features of Augustine’s and Luther’s discoursive practices. The type of discourse thus reconstructed contains grammatical, logical-argumentative, narrative and rhetoric-figurative characteristics, and – as a matter of fact – it manifests a high degree of applicability in the field of literary studies. Secondly, the article applies the reconstructed type of discourse to analyze a masterpiece of Swedish twentieth-century literature, the novel Dykungens dotter (The Marsh King’s Daughter, 1985) by Birgitta Trotzig (1929–2013). In several interviews, Trotzig makes evidently contradictory remarks on Augustine and Luther. She dissociates herself from their anthropology at the same time as she hints that their view of human conditions has made a deep impression on her. The article’s application intends to throw light on this precarious hermeneutic situation. The intense presence of the Augustinian-Lutheran type of discourse in the novel made apparent through the application indicates that an interpretation of Trotzig’s writings by means of Augustinian-Lutheran intertexts is hermeneutically motivated in spite of her own negative declarations. Thirdly, the article makes use of the reconstructed type of discourse in order to examin Gérard Genette’s notion of architextuality. There is a theoretical incongruence in his notion. On an explicit definitory level, architextuality includes all types of discourse and modes of enunciation. On a conteptual level, however, the notion of architextuality is constructed on the pattern of literary genres. The article’s application demonstrates that Genette’s notion requires some corrections to live up to its definitory commitments. The Augustinian-Lutheran architext comes into conflict with some of Genette’s linguisticly construed structuralistic categories and demands a more discoursive and hermeneutic way of thinking.
Giuseppe Falcone, Ilaria Spassiani, Yosef Ashkenazy
et al.
Operational Earthquake Forecasting (OEF) aims to deliver timely and reliable forecasts that may help to mitigate seismic risk during earthquake sequences. In this paper, we build the first OEF system for the State of Israel, and we evaluate its reliability. This first version of the OEF system is composed of one forecasting model, which is based on a stochastic clustering Epidemic Type Earthquake Sequence (ETES) model. For every day of the forecasting time period, January 1, 2016 - November 15, 2020, the OEF-Israel system produces a weekly forecast for target earthquakes with local magnitudes greater than 4.0 and 5.5 in the entire State of Israel. Specifically, it provides space-time-dependent seismic maps of the weekly probabilities, obtained by using a fixed set of the model’s parameters, which are estimated through the maximum likelihood technique based on a learning period of about 32 years (1983–2015). According to the guidance proposed by the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP), we also perform the N- and S-statistical tests to verify the reliability of the forecasts. Results show that the OEF system forecasts a number of events comparable to the observed one, and also captures quite well the spatial distribution of the real catalog with the exception of two target events that occurred in low seismicity regions.
Gabriela Molina León, Michael Lischka, Andreas Breiter
Choropleth maps are among the most common visualization techniques used to present geographical data. These maps require an equal-area projection but there are no clear criteria for selecting one. We collaborated with 20 social scientists researching on the Global South, interested in using choropleth maps, to investigate their design choices according to their research tasks. We asked them to design world choropleth maps through a survey, and analyzed their answers both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results suggest that the design choices of map projection, center, scale, and color scheme, were influenced by their personal research goals and the tasks. The projection was considered the most important choice and the Equal Earth projection was the most common projection used. Our study takes the first substantial step in investigating projection choices for world choropleth maps in applied visualization research.
Dialectical Atlas consists of lots of language maps, which shows the spread of a language phenomenon in a specific area. This map shows the native speakers of this area through using different signs like voice, lexical, grammar and semantics.
This research entitled ”Phonological Atlas 10” is about the language form between Shaqlawa and Koya districts. The researcher has attempted to draw the phonological atlas 10 and show similarities and differences in pronunciation of language variations of the villagers belonging to both districts. Moreover, the language variations of this study are only phonemic variations.
The research is conducted based on how to identify Isogloss_hetirogloss. According to this, it has tried to identify the phonological rules of the vowels between Shaqlawa and Koya districts. The samples used for the present study have been empirically collected. The main hypothesis of this research is to show the differences noticed among the speakers based on the various geographical areas although the differences are not on the IPA system. The language variations are written according to IPA on the map. The study is made up of introduction, conclusion, references, and a summary of the study in Arabic and English language.
Olympia PAPAIOANNOU, Apostolos PAPAGIANNAKIS, Panagiotis A. HATZIPROKOPIOU
Mental maps are the type of maps that everyone creates in their minds to orient themselves in space. The orienting process takes place on a daily basis, mostly unconsciously. Even the citizens of the same city tend to perceive urban space differently, emphasizing on different parts of the city, as their perceptions reflect their lifestyle, habits, preferences, experiences, but mostly the feelings that the space itself provokes to them. Human-centered factors, such as mental capacity, memories, emotional state, age, gender, as well as social-cultural ones, such as social media influences and prejudices, have a great significance on mental mapping. Inspired by Kevin Lynch (1960) and Jack Nasar (1990), this paper analyzes the center of Thessaloniki, through information and mental maps gathered from 50 interviews with residents, both men and women from different age groups and a range of social classes. The analysis traces the features that attract (e.g. the water element) or repel (e.g. the presence of marginalized groups) the inhabitants of Thessaloniki, their feelings (e.g. insecurity) and the daily routes they follow for various activities. It attempts to identify their common but also different perceptions of the city, the stereotypes, prejudices and their origins. However, the most important role seems to be played by the experiences that each person has lived in specific places. Finally, apart from being unique products that reveal each person’s intimate thoughts about spa
We characterise the maps into the space of $2$-spheres in $S^n$ that are the conformal Gauss maps of conformal immersions of a surface. In particular, we give an invariant formulation and efficient proof of a characterisation, due to Dorfmeister--Wang \cites{DorWan13,DorWan}, of the harmonic maps that are conformal Gauss maps of Willmore surfaces.
Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) occurs frequently in many end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, may significantly worsen survival odds and prognosis. However, the exact neuropathological mechanisms of MCI combined with ESRD are not fully clear. This study examined functional connectivity (FC) alterations of the default-mode network (DMN) in individuals with ESRD and MCI. Methods Twenty–four individuals with ESRD identified as MCI patients were included in this study; of these, 19 and 5 underwent hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), respectively. Another group of 25 age-, sex- and education level-matched subjects were recruited as the control group. All participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and neuropsychological tests; the ESRD group underwent additional laboratory testing. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used for DMN characterization. With functional connectivity maps of the DMN derived individually, group comparison was performed with voxel-wise independent samples t-test, and connectivity changes were correlated with neuropsychological and clinical variables. Results Compared with the control group, significantly decreased functional connectivity of the DMN was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and precuneus (Pcu), as well as in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in the ESRD group. Functional connectivity reductions in the MPFC and PCC/Pcu were positively correlated with hemoglobin levels. In addition, functional connectivity reduction in the MPFC showed positive correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Conclusion Decreased functional connectivity in the DMN may be associated with neuropathological mechanisms involved in ESRD and MCI.
Thanh G. Phan, Thanh G. Phan, Richard Beare
et al.
Background and Purpose: Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) has revolutionized acute stroke therapy but is expensive to run and staff with accredited interventional neuroradiologists 24/7; consequently, it is only feasible for each metropolitan city to have a minimum number of hubs that is adequate to service the population. This method is applied to search the minimum number of hospitals to be designated as ECR hubs in Sydney as well as the population at risk of stroke reachable within 30 min.Methods: Traveling time from the centroids of each suburbs to five ECR capable hubs [Royal Prince Alfred/RPA, Prince of Wales/POW, Royal North Shore/RNS, Liverpool/LH and Westmead/WH]. This step was performed using ggmap package in R to interface with Google Map application program interface (API). Next, we calculate the percentage of suburbs within each catchment in which traveling time to the ECR hub is <30 min. This step was performed for all possible combination of ECR hubs. The maps are available at https://gntem3.shinyapps.io/ambsydney/. The population at risk of stroke was estimated using stroke incident studies in Melbourne and Adelaide.Results: The best 3-hospital combinations are LPH/WH/RNS (82.3, 45.7, and 79.7% of suburbs reachable within 30 min or 187 of 226 suburbs) follow by RPA/LPH/RNS (100.0, 80.9, and 73.1% of suburbs) and LPH/POW/RNS (83.3, 90.7, and 76.6% of suburbs). The best 4-hospital model is LPH/WH/POW/RNS (84.2%, 91.1%, 90.7%, 77.8%). In the 5-hospital model, ECR is available for 191 suburbs within 30 min: LPH (83%), RPA (100%), WH (90.2%), RNS (72.7%), POW (88.9%). Based on 3-hospital model and 15% of patient eligible for ECR, the expected number of cases to be handled by each hospital is 465. This number drops down to 374 if a 4-hospital model is preferred.Conclusions: The simulation studies supported a minimum of 4 ECR hubs servicing Sydney. This model provides data on number of suburbs and population at risk of stroke that can reach these hubs within 30 min.
A Reeb space is defined as the space of all the connected components of inverse images of a smooth map, which is a fundamental tool in studying smooth manifolds using generic smooth maps whose codimensions are not positive such as Morse functions, their higher dimensional versions including fold maps and general stable maps. A special generic map is a fold map and a generalization of Morse functions with just 2 singular points on homotopy spheres and the Reeb space is a compact manifold whose dimension is equal to that of the target manifold and which can be immersed into the target manifold. In this paper, we generalize a quotient map onto a Reeb space of a special generic map. We define a map onto a polyhedron locally a quotient map induced from a special generic map. Moreover, we take advantage of the generalized maps to construct lifts of Morse functions of a certain class; the composition of the lift and the canonical projection is the original funciton. It is an answer of an explicit problem in the studies of lifts of smooth maps, or maps such that the compositions of the found maps and the canonical projections are original maps, which are fundamental and important in the studies of smooth maps and applications to algebraic and differential topology of manifolds.