Hasil untuk "International relations"

Iris Andrussow, Jans Solano, Benjamin A. Richardson et al.

Distinguishing the feel of smooth silk from coarse cotton is a trivial everyday task for humans. When exploring such fabrics, fingertip skin senses both spatio-temporal force patterns and texture-induced vibrations that are integrated to form a haptic representation of the explored material. It is challenging to reproduce this rich, dynamic perceptual capability in robots because tactile sensors typically cannot achieve both high spatial resolution and high temporal sampling rate. In this work, we present a system that can sense both types of haptic information, and we investigate how each type influences robotic tactile perception of fabrics. Our robotic hand's middle finger and thumb each feature a soft tactile sensor: one is the open-source Minsight sensor that uses an internal camera to measure fingertip deformation and force at 50 Hz, and the other is our new sensor Minsound that captures vibrations through an internal MEMS microphone with a bandwidth from 50 Hz to 15 kHz. Inspired by the movements humans make to evaluate fabrics, our robot actively encloses and rubs folded fabric samples between its two sensitive fingers. Our results test the influence of each sensing modality on overall classification performance, showing high utility for the audio-based sensor. Our transformer-based method achieves a maximum fabric classification accuracy of 97 % on a dataset of 20 common fabrics. Incorporating an external microphone away from Minsound increases our method's robustness in loud ambient noise conditions. To show that this audio-visual tactile sensing approach generalizes beyond the training data, we learn general representations of fabric stretchiness, thickness, and roughness.

John Paul P. Miranda, Rhiziel P. Manalese, Sheila M. Geronimo et al.

This study examined how student interns in Philippine higher education use intelligent tools during their OJT. Data were collected from 384 respondents using a structured questionnaire that asked about AI tool usage, task-specific applications, and perceptions of confidence, ethics, and support. Analysis of task-based usage identified four main purposes: productivity and report writing, communication and content drafting, technical assistance and code support, and independent task completion. ChatGPT was the most commonly used AI tool, followed by Quillbot, Canva AI, and Grammarly. Students reported moderate confidence in using AI and applied these tools selectively and ethically during OJT tasks. This indicate that AI tools assist student interns in various OJT activities related to work-readiness. The study suggests that higher education programs include AI literacy and onboarding. Clear policies and fair access to AI tools are important to support responsible use and prepare students for future careers.

Cristine Koehler Zanella, Edson José Neves Junior, Lívia Ribeiro da Silva

Ao longo do século 20, aspectos culturais passaram a ser mais mobilizados como parte da estratégia diplomática dos Estados. A internacionalização do ensino, especialmente a mobilidade acadêmica internacional, foi um dos recursos utilizados para promover o interesse nacional, influenciar a percepção de estrangeiros e favorecer o entendimento mútuo com outras nações. O presente artigo analisa o programa Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) como instrumento de diplomacia cultural sul-coreana. A partir de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental de políticas oficiais sul-coreanas, argumenta-se que o GKS opera como prática estruturada de diplomacia cultural, contribuindo para o fortalecimento do conhecimento sobre a Coréia do Sul e para o reforço do prestígio do país no sistema internacional, além de agir também numa dimensão mais simbólica e interpessoal. O estudo contribui para ampliar o debate sobre o papel da cultura nas Relações Internacionais a partir da experiência de países não ocidentais no campo da diplomacia cultural.

Svetlana CEBOTARI, Violeta COTILEVICI

The European integration process Currently, under the conditions of the new geopolitical realities present on the European continent, conditioned in particular by the emergence on February 24, 2022 of the Russian-Ukrainian war, it has contributed to the acceleration of the European Union's relations with the states of the Balkans, including also with the states of Eastern Europe - Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. In the last decades, the process of European integration has become a subject of increased interest. Nine states from this area have expressed their desire to become members of the European Union. In order to align with European standards and values, the candidate states for joining the European integrationist space are making efforts to implement reforms in various areas, including electoral legislation, the judicial system, the fight against corruption and organized crime, as well as the improvement of detention conditions. However, the process of European integration is not without challenges and obstacles, and some states have made slower progress than others. Thus, the primary objective of this article is to analyze the current situation of the states that hold the status of candidate for joining the EU space, including highlighting the degree of preparation of the states for joining the European integrationist space, as well as highlighting the problems faced by the candidate states for joining.

Чижо Э., Богданова Н., Миетуле И. et al.

Несмотря на широкое распространение цифровых технологий и их потенциал для снижения традиционных барьеров в бизнесе и коммуникации, существует значительное неравенство в доступе к инструментам цифрового маркетинга и выгодам от их использования среди жителей и предприятий Латвии. Целью данной статьи является анализ неравенства среди жителей и предприятий на латвийском интернет-рынке цифрового маркетинга. Концептуальную основу исследования составляют модель принятия технологии, теория цифрового разрыва и основанный на теории социальных полей ресурсный подход в стратификационных исследованиях. Для динамического анализа статистических данных используется метод оценки кон(ди)вергенции показателей включенности различных социально-демографических и географических групп жителей и предприятий Латвии в интернет-рынок цифрового маркетинга. Эмпирической основой данного исследования являются данные латвийской статистики за 2013—2022 гг. (по некоторым показателям — 2023 г.). Результаты исследования показывают, что развитие цифрового маркетинга в Латвии происходит очень быстро, но при этом потенциал для развития все еще остается очень большим, поскольку при 90 %-ном удельном весе жителей Латвии, регулярно (хотя бы раз в неделю) использующих интернет, более 30 % латвийцев пока что ни разу не сделали покупку или заказ в интернете. Развитие цифрового маркетинга в Латвии снижает социально-демографическое и географическое неравенство среди жителей и предприятий на цифровом рынке по отношению к «цифровому неравенству входа» (доступа к интернет-рынку), но по отношению к «цифровому неравенству выхода» (отдачи от этого доступа) выравнивающие возможности цифрового маркетинга в Латвии (особенно в ее регионах) ограничены спецификой функционирования экономики, основанной на социальном капитале, в которой практически не работают модели и теории, разработанные для экономики инноваций. Новизну данного исследования составляет комплексный анализ общего фона и динамики развития латвийского интернет-рынка цифрового маркетинга в контексте цифрового неравенства среди жителей и предприятий.

Susannah Kate Conroy

Autonomous weapons systems (AWS) change the way humans make decisions, the effect of those decisions and who is accountable for decisions made. We must remain vigilant, informed and human-centred as we tackle our deliberations on developing norms regarding their development, use and justification. Ways to enhance compliance in international humanitarian law (IHL) include: Training weapons decision makers in IHL; developing best practice in weapons reviews including requirements for industry to ensure that any new weapon, means or method of warfare is capable of being used lawfully; develop human-centred test and evaluation methods; invest in digital infrastructure to increase knowledge of the civilian environment in a conflict and its dynamics; invest in research on the real effects and consequences of civilian harms to the achievement of military and political objectives; improve secure communications between stakeholders in a conflict; and finally to upskill governments and NGOs in what is technically achievable with emerging technologies so that they can contribute to system requirements, test and evaluation protocols and operational rules of use and engagement. Governments are responsible for setting requirements for weapons systems. They are responsible for driving ethicality as well as lethality. Governments can require systems to be made and used to better protect civilians and protected objects. The UN can advocate for compliance with IHL, human rights, human-centred use of weapons systems and improved mechanisms to monitor and trace military decision making including those decisions affected by autonomous functionality.

Logan Hamley, Jade Le Grice, Lara Greaves et al.

ABSTRACTWhanaungatanga (nurturing of relationships) is at the heart of wellbeing for rangatahi (Māori youth), yet little research has considered how rangatahi understand and experience whanaungatanga. Furthermore, policy makers, organisations and practitioners have had limited guidance to reflect on whanaungatanga with young Māori in ways that support rangatahi wellbeing and aspirations. As part of a broader photo-elicitation project on whanaungatanga with young Māori, we describe Te Tapatoru, a model of whanaungatanga based on the experiences and insights of 51 rangatahi. Using a Māori critical realist approach, we demarcated rangatahi descriptions of whanaungatanga into three interconnected areas. The first component, ko wai, a reciprocal connection, emphasised the importance of a reciprocal connection with people (or more than people). The second component, he wā pai, a genuine time/place, spoke to how contexts, time and places provided the space for meaningful connections to take root and flourish. The final component, he kaupapa pai, a genuine kaupapa (activity, process) considered how rangatahi desired connection which responded to their desires and aspirations. This approach harnesses rangatahi potential by creating reciprocal and invigorating supportive environments based on rangatahi aspirations and insights. Policy and practice recommendations are made which centre this rangatahi informed approach to whanaungatanga.

Waseem Ishaque, Mudassir Mukhtar, Rida Tanvir

Pakistan is blessed with abundant water resources but facing a critical water shortage due to a lack of storage facilities, poor water governance, and the adverse impacts of climate change. The burgeoning population at present 225 million, which is expected to cross 250 million by 2025 is creating an additional burden on water resources, as per capita availability is depleting sharply from 5,000 m3 in 1951 to 1,100 m3 in 2005, which is expected to fall to 800 m3 by 2025. Pakistan’s water demand is increasing at an average yearly rate of 10% which in terms of the area will increase to 338 km3 by 2025, against the availability of 240–258 km3. Out of the available surface water, approximately 74% is extracted, while 83% of the groundwater is used for agricultural and other uses, which is an exceptionally high ratio for a water-scarce country like Pakistan. The adverse impacts of climate change are also causing extreme weather conditions, resulting in drought and floods almost every year. Inadequate water reservoirs, water wastage in agriculture and households, negligible wastewater recycling, and contamination of drinking water are causing health risks that have turned serious national security challenges for Pakistan. This research article argues that surface and subsurface water in Pakistan is depleting sharply, and if not addressed in time, has the potential of becoming the biggest national security problem. The article investigates the available water status in Pakistan covering surface and subsurface resources in detail, including reservoirs for storage, and sectoral utilization, to draw conclusions on water availability and usage requirement. The policy recommendations highlight the effective integration of smart technology in addressing multidimensional water issues and efficient water governance for ensuring water security for the sustainable development of Pakistan.

Akiharu Nakagawa, Tomoharu Kurayama, Hiroshi Sudou et al.

We present astrometric very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) studies of AGB stars. To understand the properties and evolution of AGB stars, distances are an important parameter. The distribution and kinematics of their circumstellar matter are also revealed with the VLBI method. We used the VERA array to observe 22\,GHz H$_2$O masers in various subclasses of AGB stars. Parallaxes of the three OH/IR stars NSV17351, OH39.7$+$1.5, IRC$-$30363, and the Mira-type variable star AW~Tau were newly obtained. We present the circumstellar distribution and kinematics of H$_2$O masers around NSV17351. The absolute magnitudes in mid-infrared bands of OH/IR stars with very long pulsation periods were investigated and a period-magnitude relation in the WISE W3 band, $M_{\mathrm{W3}} = (-7.21\pm1.18)\log P + (9.25\pm3.09)$, was found for the Galactic AGB stars. The VLBI is still a powerful tool for parallax measurements of the Galactic AGB stars surrounded by thick dust shells.

Christopher Brix, Mark Niklas Müller, Stanley Bak et al.

This paper presents a summary and meta-analysis of the first three iterations of the annual International Verification of Neural Networks Competition (VNN-COMP) held in 2020, 2021, and 2022. In the VNN-COMP, participants submit software tools that analyze whether given neural networks satisfy specifications describing their input-output behavior. These neural networks and specifications cover a variety of problem classes and tasks, corresponding to safety and robustness properties in image classification, neural control, reinforcement learning, and autonomous systems. We summarize the key processes, rules, and results, present trends observed over the last three years, and provide an outlook into possible future developments.

L. I. Petrova

It is shown that there is a correspondence between field theory equations such as the Dirac, Shrődinger, Maxwell, Einstein equations and closed exterior forms of a certain degree. In this case, the Dirac and Shrődinger equations for the wave function correspond to closed exterior forms of zero degree. The Shrődinger equation for the state functional corresponds to closed exterior forms of the first degree. The Maxwell's equations based on exterior forms of second degree. Einstein's equation for the gravitational field consists of covariant tensors, which correspond to closed exterior forms of the second degree. However, the covariant tensors of the Einstein equation are derived from the covariant tensors, which correspond to closed exterior forms of third degree. Such a correspondence between the field theory equations and closed exterior forms of a certain degree reveals the internal connection between the field theory equations. At the same time, it was shown that closed exterior forms, on which the field theory equations for physical fields are based, are associated with the equations of mathematical physics for material media, such as thermodynamic, gas-dynamic, electromagnetic, cosmological equations, etc. This indicates the connection between the field theory equations and the mathematical physics equations and reveals the foundations of field theory.

Izzet Sahin, Christian Moya, Amirhossein Mollaali et al.

This paper designs surrogate models with uncertainty quantification capabilities to improve the thermal performance of rib-turbulated internal cooling channels effectively. To construct the surrogate, we use the deep operator network (DeepONet) framework, a novel class of neural networks designed to approximate mappings between infinite-dimensional spaces using relatively small datasets. The proposed DeepONet takes an arbitrary continuous rib geometry with control points as input and outputs continuous detailed information about the distribution of pressure and heat transfer around the profiled ribs. The datasets needed to train and test the proposed DeepONet framework were obtained by simulating a 2D rib-roughened internal cooling channel. To accomplish this, we continuously modified the input rib geometry by adjusting the control points according to a simple random distribution with constraints, rather than following a predefined path or sampling method. The studied channel has a hydraulic diameter, Dh, of 66.7 mm, and a length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio, L/Dh, of 10. The ratio of rib center height to hydraulic diameter (e/Dh), which was not changed during the rib profile update, was maintained at a constant value of 0.048. The ribs were placed in the channel with a pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) of 10. In addition, we provide the proposed surrogates with effective uncertainty quantification capabilities. This is achieved by converting the DeepONet framework into a Bayesian DeepONet (B-DeepONet). B-DeepONet samples from the posterior distribution of DeepONet parameters using the novel framework of stochastic gradient replica-exchange MCMC.

Gracia Abad Quintanal

The Indo-Pacific concept is imprecise and designates more a geopolitical reality than a geographical space, but it is not, as is often suggested, a recent creation of the US, nor of the Trump administration. On the contrary, several actors have used it before the United States itself. And the US will not be the last actor to adopt it, either. On the contrary, it has gradually been adopted by other actors, including ASEAN, which tries to turn the concept in its favour in a way that reaffirms the importance of the group in the region as a whole and does not put in question neither “its centrality or its unity”, something that is far from being achieved.

Lic. Abelardo Moreno Fernández

Compañeras y compañeros, Ministro:   Mucho le agradezco a la cátedra Raúl Roa García que me permitiera pronunciar estas palabras en un nuevo aniversario del Canciller de la Dignidad. Recuerdo cuando, en 1996, en un coloquio científico sobre Roa en el Centro Pablo de la Torriente Brau se comenzó a hablar sobre la creación de esta cátedra. Por tanto, me honro de haberme contado entre aquellos que, hace más de 25 años, fuimos los primeros promotores de este proyecto, que es hoy una palpable realidad.

Castro Conceição, Moreira Tiago

The agricultural branch of the Portuguese cooperative sector assumes an important role in rural development and in the inter-cooperation with local, regional, national, and international structures. Given the principles and values that guide cooperatives, they have a greater responsibility in respecting the pillars of good governance such as transparency, integrity, and accountability. However, cooperatives may not be exempt from corruption. The objective of this paper is to assess farmers’ perception of corruption in the agricultural cooperative sector and to analyse if that level depends on their personal characteristics, on farm-specific characteristics, and the relations with the cooperative. With data collected through a survey, a logistic model was estimated to analyse the impact of personal characteristics of farmers and of their farms in the odd of score very high the level of corruption in the agriculture cooperative sector. Results suggest that farmers perceive high levels of corruption and that gender, age, turnover, and seniority as members of the cooperative are relevant predictors of the said level of corruption. These results raise awareness for the greater need of social accountability, more attention for management and supervisory bodies for the ethics of governance, as well as the need to implement internal control systems.

Roman Dmitrievich Baranov

The article deals with the market knowledge and the activities of educational institutions, the conclusion about the necessity of reforming the system of high school based on the concept of open education is determined by the economic impact of the use of distance learning network technology as an index of cost reducing costs, the price is determined by the knowledge of a specialist trained on the new non-standard shape training.

Constantinos Kitsos, Emilia Fridman

This work concerns the internal stabilization of underactuated linear systems of $m$ heat equations in cascade, where the control is placed internally in the first equation only and the diffusion coefficients are distinct. Combining the modal decomposition method with a recently introduced state-transformation approach for observation problems, a proportional-type stabilizing control is given explicitly. It is based on a transformation for the ODE system corresponding to the comparatively unstable modes into a target one, where calculation of the stabilization law is independent of the arbitrarily large number of them and it is achieved by solving generalized Sylvester equations recursively. This provides a finite-dimensional counterpart of a recently introduced infinite-dimensional one, which led to Lyapunov stabilization. The present approach answers to the problem of stabilization with actuators not appearing in all the states and when boundary control results do not apply.

M. T. Núñez Pardo de Vera, M. Berggren, J. List

One of the most interesting channels to search for SUSY is the direct pair-production of the $τ$-lepton superpartner, $\widetildeτ$. The $\widetildeτ$ is with high probability the lightest of the scalar leptons, so one of the first SUSY particles that can be observerd, and the signature of $\widetildeτ$ pair production signal events is one of the most difficult ones, yielding to the ``worst'' and so most global scenario for the searches. Analysis performed at LEP set the current model-independent $\widetildeτ$ limits, suffering from the low energy of this facility. Only under strong model assumptions, these limits are extended to higher masses by LHC studies. In this contribution we show the capability of the ILC, a future electron-positron collider with energy up to 1 TeV, for determining $\widetildeτ$ exclusion/discovery limits in a model-independent way, including an overview of the current state-of-the-art. The determination of the ``worst'' scenario for $\widetildeτ$ exclusion/discovery, taking into account the effect of the $\widetildeτ$ mixing on $\widetildeτ$ production cross-section and efficiency, is also presented. For selected benchmarks, the prospect for measuring masses and polarised cross-sections will be shown. The studies were done studying events passed through the full detector simulation and reconstruction procedures of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept at the ILC. The simulation included all SM backgrounds, as well as the machine induced ones.

R. S. Vykhodets

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the central technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. A significant part of the production of surplus value in the XXI century is associated with the mastery and widespread introduction of technologies, which contributes to the consolidation of technological competition as an object of state policy and an important component of international relations. The European Union today occupies a leading position in the field of technology development and Since 2018 the EU is in the process of forming a unified strategy in the field of AI, the directions, principles and approaches of which are the main subject of this article.The study is primarily based on the analysis of official documents included in the EU Strategy on AI: White Paper, Coordination Plan, Proposal for a Regulation establishing harmonized rules for artificial intelligence in the EU, documents of the expert groups of the European Commission, etc. The analysis of the EU policy to promote its own vision and approaches at the international level is based on theoretical models of the concept of “soft power” and the neo-institutional approach.Against the backdrop of fierce global technological competition, the EU was one of the first in the world to form a holistic strategy for the development of AI technologies. This makes it possible not only to strengthen its own position as a world leader in the field of innovative technologies, but also to significantly expand the intra-European and international integration agenda, as well as to supplement the European arsenal of soft power with tools to promote its own norms, standards and ethical principles of AI development at the global level.The key directions of the EU AI Policy are identified and disclosed. These include investments in technologies, creating conditions for their development, promoting development and implementation, creating an educational and regulatory environment, promoting the European vision of AI technology development at the international level. The authors considered key mechanisms of political regulation at the EU level, forms of interaction between stakeholders, approaches to promoting common principles in the field of ethics and security of AI technologies within the EU and at the international level.

Maria Aurelia Primastuti Puspasari, Hermini Susiatiningsih

Comfort Women Agreement sebagai upaya penyelesaian isu comfort women diantara Korea Selatan dan Jepang telah tercapai di tahun 2015. Sebagai tindak lanjut dalam perwujudan skema perjanjian tersebut, salah satu kebijakan yang harus diimplementasikan oleh pemerintah Korea Selatan yakni mendirikan sebuah yayasan untuk memberi dukungan kepada semua mantan comfort women dalam penyembuhan luka psikologis melalui kontribusi dana dari anggaran Pemerintah Jepang. Namun Comfort Women Agreement dan pendirian yayasan yang kemudian dinamai Reconciliation and Healing Foundation masih ditanggapi dengan respon negatif dari masyarakat dan korban comfort women di Korea Selatan. Hal ini menjadi jalan terjal yang dihadapi dalam proses implementasi Reconciliation and Healing Foundation dan berujung pada pembubaran yayasan tersebut pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini bermaksud menjelaskan bagaimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan implementasi yayasan tersebut oleh Korea Selatan dalam skema perwujudan Comfort Women Agreement. Untuk menganalisis fenomena tersebut akan menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan dari Merilee S. Grindle. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana konten kebijakan dan lingkungan implementasi menjadi faktor yang mengakibatkan terbentuknya jalan terjal dalam proses implementasi Reconciliation and Healing Foundation.