Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

Margit Julia Guerra Ayala, Olga María Alegre de la Rosa, Maria Amparo del Pilar Chambi Catacora et al.

In the current context, excessive mobile device use has led to new issues, such as nomophobia—an irrational fear of being without a mobile phone—and phubbing, which involves ignoring nearby people in favor of using one’s phone. These behaviors are increasingly prevalent among young people, particularly in university settings, and can negatively impact well-being, including the emergence of poor sleep patterns. Given that sleep is essential for academic performance and mental health, examining how nomophobia and phubbing relate to disruptions in university students’ sleep habits is crucial. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between nomophobia, phubbing, and poor sleep patterns among university students, determine whether nomophobia and phubbing are significant predictors of these patterns, and examine the individual contribution of each variable on sleep. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative design with correlational-explanatory scope was used, conducted from March to June 2023. The sample consisted of 533 students from a private university in Peru, aged 18 to 24, selected through non-probabilistic sampling. Data were collected using the Short Nomophobia Questionnaire (SNQ-5) and the Brief Phubbing Scale (BPS-6), validated instruments with strong internal consistency. The results showed moderate positive correlations between nomophobia, phubbing, and poor sleep patterns. Linear regression analysis indicated that the predictor variables explained 45.1% of the variance in poor sleep patterns. Nomophobia significantly affected all three analyzed sleep patterns (late nights, insomnia, and short sleep), whereas phubbing significantly impacted only short sleep. The findings underscore the importance of addressing excessive mobile device use in university settings, as both nomophobia and phubbing affect students’ sleep quality. Future research is recommended to explore their impact on mental health and evaluate interventions to mitigate these phenomena and their implications for academic performance.

Popescu Ruxandra-Irina

Good Governance and Resilience: Sharing Best Practices and Challenges in Times of Crisis across Europe is a collective volume edited by Laura Mina-Raiu, Lara Johannsdottir, Ivana Načinović Braje and Aída Díaz-Tendero (2022) exploring the concepts of governance and resilience during various types of crises. These range from smaller issues - such as public or employee dissatisfaction with organizational decision-making - that can escalate if left unresolved, to major crises like the COVID-19 pandemic that impacted Europe in 2020. The book features 11 case studies that highlight diverse institutional responses to crises across countries with varying socio-economic context and development levels from different European countries: Croatia, Spain, Lithuania, Romania and Iceland all examined through the lens of governance and resilience.

Amin Attari, Hossein Ashoori

ObjectiveCollaboration between industry and academia is a significant and intriguing topic within Iran's academic and industrial spheres. A key reason for its importance lies in the potential for industries to leverage the scientific expertise and resources of universities. However, an important question is whether such relations can have a positive impact on the attitude of Iranian consumers, regarding the company's manufactured products. The current research aims to answer this question. Manufacturing companies use different strategies to enhance the appeal of their products from the perspective of end consumers. Using new technology, high-quality raw materials, advertising, appropriate pricing, and appropriate distribution are some of the strategies used by companies to attract consumers. In the meantime, the cooperation between the manufacturing company and the university in the production of the final product has been rarely considered. Considering the high potential for industry-university cooperation, this research investigates whether the cooperation of a manufacturing company with a university influences purchase attractiveness, including product preference, purchase intent, and willingness to pay among Iranian consumers. MethodologyThis research is practical in terms of purpose and experimental in terms of the method of implementation. The statistical population of this research includes Iranian consumers. To examine the cause-and-effect relationship, the impact of a company's collaboration with a university on the attractiveness of its manufactured products was analyzed using an experimental approach. For this purpose, five experimental studies were conducted. FindingsThe findings of this research show that the cooperation of the manufacturing company with a university in product development enhances product attractiveness, resulting in increased product preference, purchase intent, and willingness to pay among Iranian consumers. This impact was confirmed for startups and established companies. Results confirm the mediating role of consumers’ trust in the company's product in the aforementioned relationship. The reason why the products produced in collaboration with the university are more attractive is that such products are more trustworthy in the eyes of Iranian consumers. ConclusionThe findings of this research indicate that Iranian consumers hold a positive perspective on industry-university collaboration in the production of manufactured products. Therefore, manufacturing companies are not only encouraged to collaborate with universities in the development of new products but also to effectively communicate this collaboration to potential consumers. It is suggested that the manufacturing companies emphasize this cooperation in the communication and advertising programs of the products they have produced in collaboration with the university. While this study examined the causal relationship in several scenarios, using an experimental method, further research is recommended to generalize the findings to other contexts, particularly the service sector.

Paolo Borghi, Frederick Harry Pitts, Annalisa Murgia

The growing insecurity, flexibilisation and fragmentation of labour markets goes hand-in-hand with the decrease of social protection levels and collective representation for workers in non-standard employment relationships, such as the hybrid category of ‘solo self-employed workers’. In response, on the one hand, trade unions attempt to approach and organise this heterogenous category of workers. On the other, new freelancer organisations are emerging to improve worker rights and safety, and overcome their social and professional isolation. Reporting the findings of long-term, slow ethnography, we describe a failed collaboration between three new collective actors in the representation and organisation of self-employed workers. In the second half of the 2010s, two UK organisations, Coworking (all names pseudonyms), a coworking space operator working in a deprived ex-industrial area, and Union, a former industrial union, created Coworking.Union, a cooperative trade union offering services and advocacy for the self-employed. Coworking.Union collaborated with Cooperative, a freelancer cooperative based in Northern Europe, with a view to emulate aspects of its model in the UK. We present a detailed reconstruction of the interactions of the three actors over time, including their context, expectations, and visions, starting from the motivations that generated the first contacts, through to the development of operational agreements, up to the failure of these agreements as relations cooled. The case study, and the failed experiment it captures, constitutes an important opportunity to understand the dynamism, complexity, and contradiction manifest in organising the self-employed. While the strategic ingredients of significant organisational innovation were in evidence between the three actors, it generated instead a failure. The case study thus demonstrates the importance of an in-depth analysis of failed attempts at organising the self-employed and their meaning for broader struggles by old and new actors to alter the terrain of the hybrid areas of employment more generally.

Amanda Cavallaro

Context: The rapid growth of the Information Economy and the consolidation of the Big Tech Monopoly in Digital Markets have made privacy and data protection a central concern for consumers and regulatory authorities worldwide. The increasing relevance of personal data as both a market asset and a fundamental right has highlighted the need for new regulatory approaches to address these issues. Objective: This article aims to explore how competition regulation can be used as a mechanism to protect privacy and data protection in the digital markets. Method: The research employs a qualitative approach through a critical analysis of relevant literature, including legal documents and reports from regulatory authorities. The analysis is conducted through a perspective that integrates competition regulation and privacy and data protection matters. In addition, its theoretical references are Shoshana Zuboff and Evgeny Morozov, besides other instruments of national and international regulatory law. Conclusions: The study concludes that competition regulation can play a vital role in protecting privacy and data protection in the digital markets. By promoting competition and preventing anti-competitive behavior by dominant players, competition law can help to create an environment where privacy and data protection are prioritized by companies. Additionally, competition policy can complement data protection regulation by providing an additional layer of protection for consumers.

Богдан Ковальов, Ігор Пономаренко, Артем Боруха et al.

This scientific article examines the problems of economic and resource security in Ukraine and emphasises the importance of using disruptive technologies to achieve sustainable development. It was found that disruptive technologies lead to radical changes in production technologies, work organisation, and the socio-economic landscape. They affect the structure of the economy, the labour sphere, and social relations, which contribute to industrial revolutions. Scientists describe the Third, Fourth and Fifth industrial revolutions, which affect the development of the green economy, cyber-physical systems and the harmony between man and technology. Ukrainian researchers are also studying the concept of Industry 4.0 and disruptive technologies, including digital technologies, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and production automation, to increase the competitiveness of the industrial sector and the development of the economy. During their research, the authors discuss four disruptive technologies: renewable energy, cyber security, artificial intelligence and blockchain, and their potential to ensure the country's economic and resource security. Renewable energy can reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and promote sustainable development. Cybersecurity is an essential aspect of the digital world, and disruptive technologies in this field can ensure the adequate protection of information systems. Artificial intelligence can improve productivity and quality of life by automating processes and developing innovative solutions. Blockchain technology can ensure the security and transparency of data management and improve the efficiency of supply chain management. The integration of these disruptive technologies into the economy and resource management of Ukraine can have a significant impact on the country's sustainable development and security. These technologies can increase productivity, reduce risk, improve resource efficiency, and better protect against cyber threats. Disruptive technologies are a critical factor in achieving the economic and resource well-being of Ukraine.

Aleksandr Volkov, Yury Rishko, Diana Boboshko et al.

This study analyzes the approach towards educational process organization at a university. We study existing practices of educational program personalization (and the relevant existing limitations) in the Russian system of university-level education. This study reviewed the general trends in university program personalization and performed an in-depth analysis of actual cases of personalized study plan implementation at Russian universities (we compared the declared objectives of such programs with their real-life implementation results). In this article, the authors also highlight the limitations affecting the maximum attainable level of personalization of study programs (such as the minimum number of students enrolled in a course in a given semester, problems of resource reallocation between different chairs at the university and administration costs of digitalization of a personalized study process). Based on our research, a model of study process organization (based on multitrack educational programs) has been developed and implemented. The article describes an algorithm for implementation of multitrack educational programs, highlights the limitations that this model of educational process complies with and formulates the advantages of this approach towards organization of the university-level study process compared to models employing individual educational trajectories.

Andrew Orr, Bashir Ahmad, Undala Alam et al.

Abstract River systems originating from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) are dominated by runoff from snow and glacier melt and summer monsoonal rainfall. These water resources are highly stressed as huge populations of people living in this region depend on them, including for agriculture, domestic use, and energy production. Projections suggest that the UIB region will be affected by considerable (yet poorly quantified) changes to the seasonality and composition of runoff in the future, which are likely to have considerable impacts on these supplies. Given how directly and indirectly communities and ecosystems are dependent on these resources and the growing pressure on them due to ever‐increasing demands, the impacts of climate change pose considerable adaptation challenges. The strong linkages between hydroclimate, cryosphere, water resources, and human activities within the UIB suggest that a multi‐ and inter‐disciplinary research approach integrating the social and natural/environmental sciences is critical for successful adaptation to ongoing and future hydrological and climate change. Here we use a horizon scanning technique to identify the Top 100 questions related to the most pressing knowledge gaps and research priorities in social and natural sciences on climate change and water in the UIB. These questions are on the margins of current thinking and investigation and are clustered into 14 themes, covering three overarching topics of “governance, policy, and sustainable solutions”, “socioeconomic processes and livelihoods”, and “integrated Earth System processes”. Raising awareness of these cutting‐edge knowledge gaps and opportunities will hopefully encourage researchers, funding bodies, practitioners, and policy makers to address them.

Yaowen Xia, Wenfeng Gao, Tao Liu et al.

Fountains under combined temperature and salinity effect are common in environmental and industrial settings. The behavior of weak axisymmetric fountains under combined temperature and salinity effect is studied with two-dimensional direct numerical simulations over 0.25 ≤ FrT ≤ 2.0 and −0.75 ≤ N ≤ 5.0, where FrT is the Froude number based on temperature only and N is the buoyancy ratio quantifying the ratio of salinity to temperature contributed to density. The results show that for each FrT, both the initial and time-average maximum fountain heights decrease when N increases as the combined negative buoyancy due to both temperature and salinity is strengthened, whereas as FrT increases, they increase as the overall negative buoyancy reduces. If the overall Froude number, Fr, which is based on density due to the combined temperature and salinity contributions, is used instead of FrT, the existing scaling relations for weak axisymmetric fountains with density coming from temperature only are also applicable for the weak axisymmetric fountains under the combined temperature and salinity effect when Fr ≲ 2.0, although there are slight differences in their quantified correlations due to the extra effect from the co-existing salinity. It is further shown that the effect from the co-existing salinity shifts the scaling relation for intermediate fountains with 2.0 ≲ Fr ≲ 4.0 with density from only one contributor to the scaling relation for weak fountains with Fr ≲ 2.0 with density coming from both temperature and salinity, further showing the additional effect of salinity.

Erik Pihl, Eva Alfredsson, Magnus Bengtsson et al.

Non-technical summary We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding of Earth's sensitivity to carbon dioxide, finds that permafrost thaw could release more carbon emissions than expected and that the uptake of carbon in tropical ecosystems is weakening. Adverse impacts on human society include increasing water shortages and impacts on mental health. Options for solutions emerge from rethinking economic models, rights-based litigation, strengthened governance systems and a new social contract. The disruption caused by COVID-19 could be seized as an opportunity for positive change, directing economic stimulus towards sustainable investments. Technical summary A synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost–benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- and long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations. Social media summary Stronger permafrost thaw, COVID-19 effects and growing mental health impacts among highlights of latest climate science.

Bajwoluk Tomasz

Planning space around large industrial plants affects urban development and significantly impacts the integration of industrial areas with a city’s structure. Large industrial plants act as functional and spatial barriers within the urban fabric. Their immediate areas undergo transformation and are currently becoming sites of various uses. New manufacturing technologies limit the nuisance caused by industry and the siting of plants aids in using the areas around them. The objective of this paper is t present an analysis of the transformation of the existing function-spatial structure, transport layout and compositional relations in the vicinity of selected large industrial plants in Kraków and Skawina. The study covered areas around the north-eastern territory of the Metallurgy Plant in Kraków and selected industrial plants in Skawina.

R. V. Faisullin, O. V. Abasheva, I. I. Chichenkov et al.

Industrial relations are becoming more complex every day, which is facilitated by economic development in the context of globalization. These circumstances make it necessary to achieve a level of competitiveness that corresponds to the industry and allows you to achieve leadership positions in the market. At present, the main factor of production that affects the competitiveness of the industry is intellectual capital. Introduction of intelligent technologies in production activities allows you to maximize production efficiency, which reflects the relevance of this research. It is necessary to study the possibility of achieving competitiveness at the industry level, for it has been proposed to consider the territorial development of intellectual capital, analyse existing trends in the process of intellectualization, present the advantages of the introduction of intelligent technologies in production and determine further prospects for studying the problem. This research is the preparation of a theoretical basis for analysing the industry situation of intellectualization and forecasting the possibilities of building an intelligent economy in the current unstable macroeconomic conditions.

A. A. Farooq, Zahir Shah, Meshal Shutaywi et al.

Thousands of chemical reactions occur in the human body when certain biological fluids, such as blood, semen, mucus, and synovial joint materials, move in various organs. These reactions play a vital role in regulating the life sustaining metabolic processes in the body. Analysis of thermal effects on these chemical reactions is relatively a new area in modern clinical medications. The present study investigates a simulation of the combined response due to heat and mass transport mechanisms taking place in the human body during the flow of physiological fluids. In particular, we focus our attention on the human male reproductive system, wherein the semen transports through the ductus efferentes due to metachronal waves of cilia. The constitutive relations of the robust Jeffrey viscoelastic fluid are used to model the human semen. The mathematical model of the present problem constitutes the axisymmetric flow of a Jeffrey fluid inside a vertical tubule under the influence of mixed convective heat and mass transfers. The inner side of the tubule is covered with ciliated structures. The influence of thermal behaviors of various metabolic processes in the human body due to an external heat source or sink is also taken into account. The mathematical formulation consists of using the approach of lubrication theory approximation; the nonlinear momentum, energy, and concentration equations are simplified to get analytical solutions. Explicit expressions for temperature, concentration, velocity, pressure gradient, and volume flow rate of the proposed bodily fluid (i.e., human semen) are formulated. The expression for the volume flow rate is used to estimate the volume flux of the semen under the influence of various parameters. A comparison between the theoretical and experimentally obtained values of the flow rate of the human semen is also made. It is noted that our calculated values are very close to the estimated values. Industrial applications of the present results are obvious in the fabrication of artificial cilia pumping systems for microfluidic flow systems.

Devi Intan Chadijah, Mahendra Wijaya, Raden Bagus Soemanto

This study to analyze about understanding the driver and the company of Gojek about Partnership Agreements which is different with Work Agreements that has been set up by labor law in Indonesia, so it became a new study, and then analyze to know the relation that partnerships between the driver, company, government and consumer. This research is assessed using the theory social exchange Peter Blau. The method of this study is naturalistic inquiry. We find there is a different understanding between the driver with the company of Partnership Agreements. According to the drivers, contract offered by the company Gojek have not answered the rights of driver as a partner or as worker, like social security, a system of compensation, and working time. Partnership Agreements that should have mutually beneficial, but in fact a working relationship which is interwoven as a working relationship on workers that have must always be subject to any company policy. Therefore the drivers agree if online transportation of ojek arranged by the government. The absence of a labor union official and there is no industrial relations commonly called Tripartite between the driver, company, government and consumer.

Plakhin Andrey, Kampf Rudolf, Ogorodnikova Ekaterina et al.

The Czech Republic is traditionally a strategic partner of the Sverdlovsk region, the foreign trade turnover in 2015 exceeded $ 134 million. This circumstance makes it possible to formulate a scientific hypothesis on strengthening in the long term international economic relations between our countries and increasing the degree of mutual penetration of economic entities. One of the most probable scenarios can be assumed, on the one hand, to create joint ventures both in the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation, on the other, Czech companies will focus on the opportunities that modern industrial-logistics parks provide to localize their productions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to study the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the strategic location of Czech companies on the sites of industrial-logistics parks in the Sverdlovsk Region. The article analyses the potential for localization of Czech companies in the Sverdlovsk Region as a whole, identifies areas for possible strategic interaction across economic sectors, explores the parametric characteristics of the industrial-logistics parks in the Sverdlovsk region, presents their rating and assesses the level of competitiveness.

E. S. Shavlokhova

The question is raised on interethnic relations in the late 19th - early 20th century in Russia, especially in the ethnic environment of the North Caucasus. It is noted that Russia differed from other countries by the fact that in the new territories it was not looking for sources of raw materials for industrial development and markets. The measures are shown to resolve the conflicts that have inevitably arisen in the areas of compact settlement of several nations. The relevance of the study is determined by the task to provide a reliable and efficient management of the country, occupying a vast territory with a diverse population. Scientific novelty consists in increasing the level of scientific and theoretical understanding of the goals, means and mechanisms of functioning of the Russian system of state management of national regions. The conception of development of the Russian state system of management of small peoples is formulated. This conception is based on well-documented hypothesis that the functioning of the means and mechanisms of influence on the situation in the outlying areas of the state gradually transformed into a policy of strengthening of positions of power in the national regions. The author believes that it is important to show the real situation in the sphere of interethnic relations in the North Caucasus in this period.

Mario Caporale

This article sketches the European trail from conception to development of the Galileo system, highlighting the major steps, and trying to derive the lesson learned from the various experiences. The Galileo system represents the really first European programme, involving political, strategical, operational, industrial and technological aspects which challenge the European institution. The Galileo system permeates the European activities, challenges the international relations policy, constitutes a powerful instrument to verify and consolidate the European Union.

L. S. Voronkov

The author argues that the emergence of the first permanent intergovernmental (IIGO) and non-governmental (INGO) organizationsin the second half of the XIX-th century was due to common causes. He tries to justify the need to consider them not as independent objects of study, but as the phenomenon, caused by the high level of internationalization of economic life of states and of socio-economic consequences of the industrial revolution, reached in this period. The emergence of IIGOs, based on international treaty, was accompanied by establishment of a large number of INGOs operating in similar fields of human activity, which performed supplementary functions and regulated areas of cooperation and public needs, not covered by interstate agreements. The article presents the main factors that in later stages of internationalization and development of contemporary international relations gave the impetus to emergence and development of international organizations, including the military-technological revolution, that gave birth to mass destruction weapons and avalanche-like growth of the number of human and material losses during wars and military conflicts, the Cold War between world communism and world capitalism, the collapse of the colonial system and formation ofa new main contradiction of the world politics between the "Club of rich countries" and states of the "global periphery", beginning of development of regional integration processes and, finally, the emergence of global problems. The article emphasizes that both IIGOs and INGOs evolved from the supportive tools in implementation of multilateral interaction of sovereign states towards becoming an integral part of contemporary international relations, fulfilling many vital functions of modern human society and its citizens. Given the involvement of the overwhelming majority of modern sovereign states and tens of thousands of civil society organizations in activity of numerical IIGOs and INGOs, none of the existing centers of world power can afford to trample down and to subordinate activities of all these international organizations. The development of IIGOs and INGOs makes any attempts to create a unipolar system of contemporary international relations impossible.

Marinković Valentina D., Šibalija Tatjana V., Majstorović Vidosav D. et al.

International quality management standard (QMS) ISO 9001 became widely accepted as a framework for product and/or services quality improvement. There are recent research conducted in order to define relationships and effects between the applied QMS and financial and/or non-financial business parameters. The effects of the applied pharmaceutical quality system (PQS) on the business performances in Serbian pharmaceutical-chemical industry are analyzed in this paper using multivariate linear regression analysis. The empirical data were collected using a survey that was performed among experts from Serbian pharmaceutical-chemical industrial sector during 2010. An extensive questionnaire was used in the survey, grouping the questions in eight groups: Implementation of pharmaceutical quality system (AQ), Quality/strategy planning (QP), Human resource management (HR), Supply management (SM), Customer focus (CF), Process management (PM), Continuous improvement (CI), and Business results (BR). The primary goal of the research was to analyze the effects of the elements of first seven groups (AQ, QP, HR, SM, CF, PM, and CI) that present various aspects of the implementation of PQS, on the elements of business results (BR). Based on empirical data, regression relations were formed to present the effects of all considered elements of PQS implementation on the business performance parameters (BR). The positive effects of PQS implementation on the business performances such as the assessment of performance indicators, continual products and/or services quality improvement, and efficient problem solving, are confirmed in the presented research for the Serbian pharmaceutical-chemical industrial sector. The results of the presented research will create a room for the improvement of the existing models in application, and for attracting interested parties that aim to commence this business standardization process. Hence, implementation of PQS is not only the regulatory requirement or advertising movement, but very important issue for the development and improvement of business performances.

J. Zeitlin