Hasil untuk "History of the arts"

Patrycja Łobodzińska

Wystawa Wielkopolska plastyka gotycka, zorganizowana w 1936 r. w Muzeum Wielkopolskim, była jednym z najważniejszych wydarzeń kulturalnych międzywojennego Poznania, dotąd nigdy niepowtórzonym w takiej skali. Odnalezione materiały archiwalne (wycinki prasowe, fotografie i dokumentacja) umożliwiają analizę samej ekspozycji oraz jej społecznego odbioru. Źródła te pozwalają również na rekonstrukcję procesu organizacyjnego oraz układu przestrzennego wystawy. Stanowią punkt wyjścia do refleksji nad nowymi perspektywami, jakie wystawa wniosła do badań nad gotycką sztuką Wielkopolski, oraz do uchwycenia jej wyróżników na tle innych prezentacji sztuki średniowiecznej w okresie międzywojennym. Przyjęta w artykule perspektywa metahistorii sztuki, koncentrująca się na paradygmacie narodowym, pozwala osadzić wystawę w szerszym, ideologicznie nacechowanym i nasyconym nacjonalistycznymi treściami dyskursie toczącym się w ramach historii sztuki w XX w.

P. Ho, Christine Kim Yan Loo, R. Lim et al.

Simple Summary Breast cancer is influenced by both inherited genetic factors and lifestyle or personal factors such as age, family history, and reproductive history. Scientists have developed tools to estimate a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer. One type of tool, called a polygenic risk score, uses many small genetic variations to estimate risk, while another, the Gail model, uses personal and family medical information. We studied how well these tools predict breast cancer risk in women of European and Asian backgrounds. Our research included more than 180,000 women and compared performance across age groups and cancer types. We found that genetic scores were especially useful in younger women and in women of Asian background, while the Gail model worked better in older women of European background. However, both tools showed some inaccuracy when comparing predicted and observed risks. Overall, combining genetic information with traditional risk factors could improve how doctors identify women at higher risk for breast cancer, leading to more personalized screening and prevention strategies across different populations. Abstract Background: Breast cancer polygenic risk scores (PRS) and traditional risk models (e.g., the Gail model [Gail]) are known to contribute largely independent information, but it is unclear how the overlap varies by ancestry, age, disease type (invasive breast cancer, DCIS), and risk threshold. Methods: In a retrospective case–control study, we evaluated risk prediction performance in 180,398 women (161,849 of European ancestry; 18,549 of Asian ancestry). Odds ratios (ORs) from logistic regression models and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were estimated. Results: PRS for invasive disease showed a stronger association in younger (<50 years) women (OR = 2.51, AUC = 0.622) than in women ≥ 50 years (OR = 2.06, AUC = 0.653) of European ancestry. PRS performance in Asians was lower (OR range = 1.62–1.64, AUC = 0.551–0.600). Gail performance was modest across groups and poor in younger Asian women (OR = 0.94–0.99, AUC = 0.523–0.533). Age interactions were observed for both PRS (p < 0.001) and Gail (p < 0.001) in Europeans, whereas in Asians, age interaction was observed only for Gail (invasive: p < 0.001; DCIS: p = 0.002). PRS identified more high-risk individuals than Gail in Asian populations, especially ≥50 years, while Gail identified more in Europeans. Overlap between PRS, Gail, and family history was limited at higher thresholds. Calibration analysis, comparing empirical and model-based ROC curves, showed divergence for both PRS and Gail (p < 0.001), which indicates miscalibration. In Europeans, family history and prior biopsies drove Gail discrimination. In younger Asians, age at first live birth was influential. Conclusions: PRS adds value to risk stratification beyond traditional tools, especially in younger women and Asian ancestry populations.

A. Gallazzi, S. Zibetti, M. Sargent et al.

The cosmic Middle Ages, spanning the last 8-10 Gyr of the Universe, is a critical period in which massive early-formed systems coexist with global star formation quenching in less massive galaxies, yet galaxies experience further dynamical, morphological and chemical evolution. Understanding the relative role of internal drivers and of interaction with the evolving large-scale structures remains a highly complex and unsettled issue. To make transformative progress on these questions we must characterize the physical and kinematic properties (integrated and spatially resolved) of stellar populations in galaxies, fossil record of their past star formation and assembly histories, together with gas properties, across a wide range of masses and environmental scales, over this critical cosmic epoch. Volume-representative samples of 10^6 galaxies down to 10^9 solar masses are essential to fully trace the complex interplay between physical processes and to physically connect progenitor and descendant galaxy populations. This demands a deep and extensive survey with high signal-to-noise, medium-resolution, rest-frame optical spectroscopy. Current and planned facilities in the 2020-2030s cannot simultaneously achieve the required sample size, spectral quality, mass limit, and spatial coverage. A dedicated large-aperture spectroscopic facility with wide-area high-multiplex MOS and large field-of-view IFU is needed to provide transformative insights into the physical mechanisms regulating star formation and galaxy evolution.

Euclid Collaboration L. Zalesky, J. Weaver, C. McPartland et al.

The Cosmic Dawn Survey pre-launch catalogues cover an effective 10.13 deg 2 $ area with uniform deep /IRAC data (m Spitzer mag, 5σ), the largest area covered to these depths at IR wavelengths. We used these data to gain new insight into the growth of stellar mass across cosmic history by characterising the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function through 0.2 3 and significantly reduces cosmic variance, thus yielding strong constraints on the abundance of galaxies above the characteristic stellar mass ( $^⋆) across this ten billion year period. The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function is generally consistent with results from the literature but now provides firm estimates of the number density where only upper limits were previously available. Contrasting the galaxy stellar mass function with the dark matter halo mass function suggests that massive galaxies (mathcal M 11 M_⊙) at z > 3.5 required integrated star-formation efficiencies of mathcal M /( _ M ̊m h f_ ̊m b ) ≳ 0.25--0.5, in excess of the commonly held view of a `universal peak efficiency' from studies on the stellar-to-halo mass relation. Such increased efficiencies imply an evolving peak in the stellar-to-halo mass relation at z > 3.5 that can be maintained if feedback mechanisms from active galactic nuclei and stellar processes are ineffective at early times. In addition, a significant fraction of the most massive quiescent galaxies are observed to be in place by z∼ 2.5--3. The apparent lack of change in their number density by z∼ 0.2 is consistent with relatively little mass growth from mergers. Utilising the unique volume, we find evidence of an environmental dependence of the galaxy stellar mass function all the way through z∼ 3.5 for the first time, though a more careful characterisation of the density field is ultimately required for confirmation.

J. K. Philbert, I. De Sousa, Lydia Wytenbroek et al.

As a “foursome” of nursing history students and scholars, upcoming, junior, and seasoned, we presented a panel on new work and possibilities related to histories of Blackness and Black nurses in Canadian nursing history. Our presentation was the 2023 keynote Hannah Panel Presentation for the joint Canadian Society for the History of Medicine (CSHM-SCHM) and the Canadian Association for the History of Nursing (CAHN-ACHN) conference. Reflecting and expanding our perspectives, we share the relevance and significance of engaging with histories of Canadian Blackness and (in)visibility of Blackness in nursing history. This paper considers the overarching question of how does engaging with histories of Canadian Blackness serve as an anti-racist strategy when examining, analyzing and understanding the history of nursing and health care? A core tenant of this work aims at acknowledging how institutional relationships of power are reproduced within scholarship unless there is space for radical re-imaginations. The disruption to power is achieved by exploring the connections between nursing and history from the perspective of Black nurses’ history or Black feminist thought. We also disrupt power by our form, in challenging expectations of scientific inquiry as the only format of valid knowledge production within the discipline. Possibilities of arts-based methodology as a site for democratization in nursing knowledge are evoked through the metaphoric language (water, fire, air and earth) interwoven within the text. We highlight how each of us engages with nursing history, further complicating previous narratives of our collective Canadian past. In publishing our thoughts on historical inquiry in a nursing journal, we hope to provoke more curiosity and interest in history within our discipline as a site for liberation!

Usmanova Mukhlisakhan Sobirovna, Akbaraliyeva is the daughter of Marjona Rakhmatill

This article provides information on the history and current state of textile art, which is one of the types of folk crafts, in technology classes

M. Urbano, P. Duc, T. Saifollahi et al.

Deep surveys have helped to unveil the history of past and present galaxy mergers, and, in particular, uncovering their tidal debris and co-located globular clusters (GCs). Euclid's unique combination of capabilities (spatial resolution, depth, and wide sky coverage) will make it a groundbreaking tool for galactic archaeology in the Local Universe, bringing low-surface-brightness (LSB) science into the era of large-scale astronomical surveys. Euclid's Early Release Observations (ERO) demonstrate this potential with a field of view that includes several galaxies in the Dorado group. In this paper, we aim to derive from this image a mass assembly scenario for its main galaxies: NGC,1549, NGC,1553, and NGC,1546. We detected their internal and external diffuse structures, and identified candidate GCs. By analysing the colours and distributions of the diffuse structures and candidate GCs, we can place constraints on the galaxies' mass assembly and merger histories. The results demonstrate that feature morphology, surface brightness, colours, and GC density profiles are consistent with galaxies that have undergone different merger scenarios. We classify NGC,1549 as a pure elliptical galaxy that has undergone a major merger. NGC,1553 appears to have recently transitioned from a late-type galaxy to early type, after a series of radial minor to intermediate mergers. NGC,1546 is a rare specimen of galaxy with an undisturbed disk and a prominent diffuse stellar halo, which we infer has been fed by minor mergers and then disturbed by the tidal effect from NGC,1553. Finally, we identify limitations specific to the observing conditions of this ERO, in particular, stray light in the visible and persistence in the near-infrared bands. Once these issues are addressed and the extended emission from LSB objects is preserved by the data-processing pipeline, the Euclid Wide Survey will allow for studies of the Local Universe to be extended to statistical ensembles over a large part of the extragalactic sky.

Helen Lewandowski

جنان عطيه, حسين مزهر

تركز الدراسة الحالية عل فكرة الافتراض المسبق كأداة تداولية لكشف النقاب عن قضية العنصرية في مسرحية "المصير" لديفيد إدغار. وكونها قضية سلبية؛ فالعنصرية تُبحث وفق منهجية الدراسات النقدية. وبالتالي, فإن مجال البحث هو التداولية النقدية التي تركز على كيفية بحث النظريات التداولية انعكاساً لقضايا غير مشروعة في اللغة خاصة عندما يتم تسليط الضوء على جوانب القوة, الأيديولوجيا والهيمنة. وتهدف الدراسة الى تحديد الطريقة التي ينقل بها الافتراض المسبق قضية العنصرية؛ وتحديد الأنواع الأساسية ومؤشرات الافتراض المسبق المستعملة في البيانات المختارة. ولغرض تحقيق اهداف الدراسة, أُعتمد الباحث على مؤشرات الافتراض المسبق لليفنسون (1983) وأنواع الافتراض المسبق ليول (1996) نموذجاً له. توصلت الدراسة الى ان الكاتب ولغرض التعبير عن الآثار السلبية لقضية العنصرية, قد استعمل جميع أنواع الافتراضات المسبقة بمؤشراتها المختلفة, ولاسيما الأنواع الوجودية, المعجمية والهيكلية.

M. Sheppard, A. Wal, J. Banner et al.

Cardiomyopathies (CMP) comprise a heterogenous group of diseases affecting primarily the myocardium, either genetic and/or acquired in origin. While many classification systems have been proposed in the clinical setting, there is no internationally agreed pathological consensus concerning the diagnostic approach to inherited CMP at autopsy. A document on autopsy diagnosis of CMP is needed because the complexity of the pathologic backgrounds requires proper insight and expertise. In cases presenting with cardiac hypertrophy and/or dilatation/scarring with normal coronary arteries, a suspicion of inherited CMP must be considered, and a histological examination is essential. Establishing the actual cause of the disease may require a number of tissue-based and/or fluid-based investigations, be it histological, ultrastructural, or molecular. A history of illicit drug use must be looked for. Sudden death is frequently the first manifestation of disease in case of CMP, especially in the young. Also, during routine clinical or forensic autopsies, a suspicion of CMP may arise based on clinical data or pathological findings at autopsy. It is thus a challenge to make a diagnosis of a CMP at autopsy. The pathology report should provide the relevant data and a cardiac diagnosis which can help the family in furthering investigations, including genetic testing in case of genetic forms of CMP. With the explosion in molecular testing and the concept of the molecular autopsy, the pathologist should use strict criteria in the diagnosis of CMP, and helpful for clinical geneticists and cardiologists who advise the family as to the possibility of a genetic disease.

Clare M. Fieseler, Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi, Brian Helmuth et al.

The ecological state of the Persian or Arabian Gulf (hereafter ‘Gulf') is in sharp decline. Calls for comprehensive ecosystem-based management approaches and transboundary conservation have gone largely unanswered, despite mounting marine threats made worse by climate change. The region's long-standing political tensions add additional complexity, especially now as some Gulf countries will soon adopt ambitious goals to protect their marine environments as part of new global environmental commitments. The recent interest in global commitments comes at a time when diplomatic relations among all Gulf countries are improving. There is a window of opportunity for Gulf countries to meet global marine biodiversity conservation commitments, but only if scientists engage in peer-to-peer diplomacy to build trust, share knowledge and strategize marine conservation options across boundaries. The Gulf region needs more ocean diplomacy and coordination; just as critically, it needs actors at its science-policy interface to find better ways of adapting cooperative models to fit its unique marine environment, political context and culture. We propose a practical agenda for scientist-led diplomacy in the short term and lines of research from which to draw (e.g. co-production, knowledge exchange) to better design future science diplomacy practices and processes suited to the Gulf's setting.

Muhsen Al-Dulaimi, Fadhel Al-Saadi

يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة (أثر استراتيجية مراقبة الاستيعاب في تنمية مهارات المحادثة عند تلميذات الصف الخامس الابتدائي)، ولتحقيق ذلك اعتمد الباحث تصميماً تجريباً يقع في حقول التصاميم التجريبية ذوات الضبط الجزئي، واختباراً بعدياً لمجموعتي البحث، احداهما تجريبية والاخرى ضابطة. اختار الباحث قصدياً مدرسة (الاقصى الشريف) الابتدائية التابعة الى المديرية العامة لتربية بغداد الرصافة/ الثانية، وبالطريقة العشوائية اختار شعبة (أ) لتكون المجموعة التجريبية البالغ عدد تلميذاتها (30) تلميذة، التي ستدرس مادة القراءة العربية على وفق استراتيجية مراقبة الاستيعاب، وشعبة (ج) لتمثل المجموعة الضابطة البالغ عددها (30) تلميذة، التي ستدرس المادة ذاتها بالطريقة التقليدية.           اجرى الباحث تكافؤاً بين تلميذات المجموعتين في المتغيرات الآتية: العمر الزمني محسوباً بالشهور، التحصيل الدراسي للآباء، التحصيل الدراسي للآمهات، درجات العام السابق (2018-2019)، اختبار الذكاء لدانليز، اختبار مهارات المحادثة القبلي.

Francisco Cortés de Paco

On November 9, 1989, after 28 years standing, the Berlin Wall is torn down. This event triggered a series of events that would eventually bring down the Eastern Bloc and socialism in Europe. Throughout this work we will analyze the testimony of three people related to the Spanish Communist Movement and we will take a tour of their lives.

The Rt Hon Lady Rose of Colmworth

Agreements on prices by undertakings selling competing products are regarded as one of the most serious competition law infringements. This article considers what happens when government sets the prices at which those competing firms can sell their products. This article firstly examines the extensive use of government price controls in World War II. It then reviews early cases in the Restrictive Practices Court that considered the public interest (if any) in price stability. This article then touches on EU case law on when government involvement in price setting is acceptable or may provide some defence for undertakings and more recent EU legislation imposing price controls. Finally, the article draws the arguments for and against price fixing together to show what we can learn from the history of price controls. Current economic conditions and the range of solutions available to government make such a historical review both valuable and timely.

K. Ferguson

The Forks in Winnipeg, Manitoba is the central site of this study which un/covers the potentialities of combining critical place inquiries and a/r/tography to mobilize Calls for Justice and education around displacement and disappearance of Indigenous Women and Girls. This study reflects part of my doctoral research which connects living, action-oriented inquiries utilizing earth-based art/works as public provocations. In this contribution, I share how my artistic process of encircling the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) monument with an intricate soil spiral and my encounters with women’s stories and educational resources from the National Inquiry have uncovered complexities of the ongoing disappearance and erasure of women. The discourses embedded in place reveal strong connections to settler colonial forces and have drawn attention to the role of the arts in supporting commemoration and reclaiming discourses of power and place. This action-oriented approach aims to find ways to bring important topics around MMIWG into curricular discussions. This study inspired action steps for advancing the Calls for Justice, including the design of walking professional learning experiences for teachers. The study shows how the place at the Forks functions as a framework inspired by the layered histories and geographies of this significant location.

G. Cooke, D. Marsh, C. Walsh et al.

The history of molecular oxygen (O2) in Earth’s atmosphere is still debated; however, geological evidence supports at least two major episodes where O2 increased by an order of magnitude or more: the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and the Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event. O2 concentrations have likely fluctuated (between 10−3 and 1.5 times the present atmospheric level) since the GOE ∼2.4 Gyr ago, resulting in a time-varying ozone (O3) layer. Using a three-dimensional chemistry-climate model, we simulate changes in O3 in Earth’s atmosphere since the GOE and consider the implications for surface habitability, and glaciation during the Mesoproterozoic. We find lower O3 columns (reduced by up to 4.68 times for a given O2 level) compared to previous work; hence, higher fluxes of biologically harmful UV radiation would have reached the surface. Reduced O3 leads to enhanced tropospheric production of the hydroxyl radical (OH) which then substantially reduces the lifetime of methane (CH4). We show that a CH4 supported greenhouse effect during the Mesoproterozoic is highly unlikely. The reduced O3 columns we simulate have important implications for astrobiological and terrestrial habitability, demonstrating the relevance of three-dimensional chemistry-climate simulations when assessing paleoclimates and the habitability of faraway worlds.

M. Reason, Charlie Ward

ABSTRACT In 2021, York St John University and Mind the Gap collaborated to validate a Certificate in Higher Education (Cert HE) in the Performing Arts for learning disabled and autistic adults. This article presents context surrounding inclusive education, identifying the histories of ableism within assessment processes. We then discuss how we worked in consultation with learning disabled students to develop assessment criteria and processes that used language from the students as core definitions. We argue that through establishing inclusive arts education, recognised at degree-level, we can begin the process of enabling greater representation of learning disabled practitioners in the arts.

PPGCA UFF

Musa zadeh, Faydhallah Dstek, Tahmineh Parsaei et al.

يعتبر التقليد بعد القرآن الكريم من أكثر الوثائق موثوقية لتقديم الشعائر الإسلامية و أبوهريرة من أكثر الشخصيات التي اقتسبت من أحاديث رسول الله () في بداية الإسلام لقد تركه من خمسة آلاف و سبعمائة حديث تعرض لإنتقادات شديدة و معارضة من زوايا مختلفة منذ الأيام الأولي. بسبب قلة الوعي و سطحية الناس إنتشرت أحاديث أبي هريرة بسرعة بين الناس و تغلغلت في كتب التفسير و الدين و التأريخ و قد أدت هذه الأحاديث الجعلية إلي آثار سلبية علي بعض المعتقدات و القضايا السياسية و الإجتماعية و الثقافية. نعتزم في هذا المقال أستخدام أسلوب تحليلي لمقارنة مصداقية أبوهريرة من وجهة نظر شرف الدين عاملي و محمود أبوريه و من معايير هاتين الشخصيتين، عدم معارضة القرآن و التقاليد المحددة و العقل و عدم معارضة ما يقره العلم و سننظر في هذه الحالات من أجل التقييم الكمي و النوعي لأحاديث أبي هريرة لتوضيح حقيقة هذا الراوي. أجري هذا البحث بالمنهج الوصفي التحليلي و أدوات الدراسة المكتبية.

A. Álvarez-Larrán, Arturo Pereira, M. Magaz et al.