Hasil untuk "History of the Greco-Roman World"

Lance Legel, Qin Huang, Brandon Voelker et al.

We present DeepEarth, a self-supervised multi-modal world model with Earth4D, a novel planetary-scale 4D space-time positional encoder. Earth4D extends 3D multi-resolution hash encoding to include time, efficiently scaling across the planet over centuries with sub-meter, sub-second precision. Multi-modal encoders (e.g. vision-language models) are fused with Earth4D embeddings and trained via masked reconstruction. We demonstrate Earth4D's expressive power by achieving state-of-the-art performance on an ecological forecasting benchmark. Earth4D with learnable hash probing surpasses a multi-modal foundation model pre-trained on substantially more data. Access open source code and download models at: https://github.com/legel/deepearth

Jonah F Messinger, Florian Metzler, Huw Price

One of the most public episodes of gatekeeping in modern science was the case of so-called 'cold fusion'. At a news conference in 1989 the electrochemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons announced that they had found evidence of nuclear fusion in palladium electrodes loaded with deuterium. There was worldwide interest. Many groups sought to reproduce the results, most unsuccessfully. Within months, the prevailing view became strongly negative. The claims of Fleischmann and Pons came to be regarded as disreputable, as well as false. As the Caltech physicist David Goldstein put it, cold fusion became 'a pariah field, cast out by the scientific establishment' (Goldstein 1994). The case would already be interesting for students of gatekeeping if the story had ended at that point. Even more interestingly, however, the field survived and persisted. It has been enjoying a modest renaissance, with recent government funding both in the US and the EU. This piece offers an opinionated introduction to cold fusion as a case study of scientific gatekeeping, discussing both its early and recent history

Zeng-Hui Zhu, Wei Lu, Si-Bao Chen et al.

Remote Sensing Image Dehazing (RSID) poses significant challenges in real-world scenarios due to the complex atmospheric conditions and severe color distortions that degrade image quality. The scarcity of real-world remote sensing hazy image pairs has compelled existing methods to rely primarily on synthetic datasets. However, these methods struggle with real-world applications due to the inherent domain gap between synthetic and real data. To address this, we introduce Real-World Remote Sensing Hazy Image Dataset (RRSHID), the first large-scale dataset featuring real-world hazy and dehazed image pairs across diverse atmospheric conditions. Based on this, we propose MCAF-Net, a novel framework tailored for real-world RSID. Its effectiveness arises from three innovative components: Multi-branch Feature Integration Block Aggregator (MFIBA), which enables robust feature extraction through cascaded integration blocks and parallel multi-branch processing; Color-Calibrated Self-Supervised Attention Module (CSAM), which mitigates complex color distortions via self-supervised learning and attention-guided refinement; and Multi-Scale Feature Adaptive Fusion Module (MFAFM), which integrates features effectively while preserving local details and global context. Extensive experiments validate that MCAF-Net demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in real-world RSID, while maintaining competitive performance on synthetic datasets. The introduction of RRSHID and MCAF-Net sets new benchmarks for real-world RSID research, advancing practical solutions for this complex task. The code and dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/lwCVer/RRSHID.

Olivia Montepaone

L’articolo presenta l’edizione attualmente in corso d’opera del materiale inedito di Leone Allacci sul Περὶ Ὕψους, che comprende una traduzione latina, due serie di annotazioni e un commentario in latino. Si introducono brevemente i diversi testi e si fornisce una descrizione dei due testimoni manoscritti, il cod. Biblioteca Vallicelliana, Carte Allacci XXIX, e il cod. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Barb. gr. 190. Dopo aver discusso gli aspetti filologici — autografi, copie, mani e danni materiali — l’articolo illustra i criteri editoriali, affrontando questioni come la scelta tra edizione diplomatica e critica, nonché aspetti di trascrizione e traduzione. Infine, viene presentato un saggio di edizione di ciascun testo, al fine di offrire un’idea dei contenuti, dello stile e della rilevanza, e viene proposta una datazione ipotetica per la composizione di questo materiale. This article presents the forthcoming edition of Leone Allacci’s previously unpublished material on the Περὶ Ὕψους, which includes a Latin translation, two series of notes, and a Latin commentary. It briefly introduces the different texts and describes the manuscript witnesses: cod. Biblioteca Vallicelliana, Carte Allacci XXIX, and cod. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Barb. gr. 190. After discussing the philological aspects — autographs, copies, scribal hands, and material damage — the article outlines the editorial criteria, addressing issues such as the choice between a diplomatic and a critical edition, as well as matters of transcription and translation. Finally, it presents a sample edition of each item, offering insight into their contents, style, and significance, and proposes a hypothetical dating for the composition of this material.

Anirudh S Chakravarthy, Meghana Reddy Ganesina, Peiyun Hu et al.

Addressing Lidar Panoptic Segmentation (LPS ) is crucial for safe deployment of autonomous vehicles. LPS aims to recognize and segment lidar points w.r.t. a pre-defined vocabulary of semantic classes, including thing classes of countable objects (e.g., pedestrians and vehicles) and stuff classes of amorphous regions (e.g., vegetation and road). Importantly, LPS requires segmenting individual thing instances (e.g., every single vehicle). Current LPS methods make an unrealistic assumption that the semantic class vocabulary is fixed in the real open world, but in fact, class ontologies usually evolve over time as robots encounter instances of novel classes that are considered to be unknowns w.r.t. the pre-defined class vocabulary. To address this unrealistic assumption, we study LPS in the Open World (LiPSOW): we train models on a dataset with a pre-defined semantic class vocabulary and study their generalization to a larger dataset where novel instances of thing and stuff classes can appear. This experimental setting leads to interesting conclusions. While prior art train class-specific instance segmentation methods and obtain state-of-the-art results on known classes, methods based on class-agnostic bottom-up grouping perform favorably on classes outside of the initial class vocabulary (i.e., unknown classes). Unfortunately, these methods do not perform on-par with fully data-driven methods on known classes. Our work suggests a middle ground: we perform class-agnostic point clustering and over-segment the input cloud in a hierarchical fashion, followed by binary point segment classification, akin to Region Proposal Network [1]. We obtain the final point cloud segmentation by computing a cut in the weighted hierarchical tree of point segments, independently of semantic classification. Remarkably, this unified approach leads to strong performance on both known and unknown classes.

Shashank Hegde, Satyajeet Das, Gautam Salhotra et al.

With the increasing availability of open-source robotic data, imitation learning has become a promising approach for both manipulation and locomotion. Diffusion models are now widely used to train large, generalized policies that predict controls or trajectories, leveraging their ability to model multimodal action distributions. However, this generality comes at the cost of larger model sizes and slower inference, an acute limitation for robotic tasks requiring high control frequencies. Moreover, Diffusion Policy (DP), a popular trajectory-generation approach, suffers from a trade-off between performance and action horizon: fewer diffusion queries lead to larger trajectory chunks, which in turn accumulate tracking errors. To overcome these challenges, we introduce WARPD (World model Assisted Reactive Policy Diffusion), a method that generates closed-loop policies (weights for neural policies) directly, instead of open-loop trajectories. By learning behavioral distributions in parameter space rather than trajectory space, WARPD offers two major advantages: (1) extended action horizons with robustness to perturbations, while maintaining high task performance, and (2) significantly reduced inference costs. Empirically, WARPD outperforms DP in long-horizon and perturbed environments, and achieves multitask performance on par with DP while requiring only ~ 1/45th of the inference-time FLOPs per step.

Peter Thonemann

This paper collects the evidence for corporate groups of “Romans and Greeks living at (village toponym)” in Lydia and western Phrygia in the early Roman imperial period. The author discusses seven honorific inscriptions and dedications, three of them very recently published; four derive from the near vicinity of Akmoneia in western Phrygia, reflecting the large number of resident Romans in the region. The author offers a detailed commentary on a newly published honorific inscription from Kastollos in Lydia, including various new readings and restorations (no. 1). The author discusses the precise meaning of the formula “Romans and Greeks” and the chronological and geographic distribution of the formula. Three of the seven inscriptions honour locals granted Roman citizenship by Mark Antony (no. 6) or Augustus (nos 1 and 3), and the author uses numismatic evidence to discuss the social standing of these newly enfranchised Roman citizens within their Lydian and Phrygian communities.

A. A. Watson

A brief history of the development of surface detectors for the study of the high-energy cosmic rays is presented. The paper is based on an invited talk given at UHECR2022 held in LAquila, October 2022. In a complementary talk, P Sokolsky discussed the development of the fluorescence technique for air-shower detection.

Hüseyin Uzunoğlu, Gregor Staab, Nalan Eda Akyürek Şahin

This article is a continuation of the article published in the previous issue of Gephyra (Staab - Akyürek Şahin - Uzunoğlu 2023). The article analyses an inscription from the village of Ahmetler in the Pazaryeri district of Bilecik province, which was recorded by the Bilecik Museum authorities. The stone is not in the Bilecik Museum today but is probably still in the wall where it was built. The inscription was read from the photograph taken by the museum authorities, but the stone itself was not seen. The inscription is an epigram written in hexameter verse. The first two lines of the epigram are missing and probably remained under the cement on the wall. However, the rest of the lines are almost complete except line 1, which is poorly preserved. Since the stone was built into a wall, it is not clear whether the inscription carrier was an altar or a stele. The person named Onesikrates, mentioned in lines 3 and 4 of the inscription, played an important role in this inscription. This person is the uncle of Hermias, the young Onesikrates and Ulpianus. It is understood that the uncle Onesikrates was the head of the family group mentioned in the poem. It is not known whether he took over the care of his nephews after the death of their father and whether they therefore all belonged to the same household. In any case, here as elsewhere, third-degree kinship reflects close family ties, especially in rural social structures. The uncle Onesicrates, who was also a soldier, appears as a central figure, and all the nephews mentioned are included in his oath or prayer. In line 4, the addressee, addressed in the second person (σύ θ᾿), must be the (local?) deity of the (local?) sanctuary of Dabla, to whom the wish to bestow property on the named individuals is expressed. It is known from the inscriptions that Zeus Bennios or Zeus Bronton was worshipped in this region. This inscription may have been erected in the sanctuary of one of these two gods. The article analyses the phrase Δαβλόνῳ παρὰ νηῷ in line 9 of the inscription and suggests that the name of the settlement may be Dabla. The inscription poetically describes the full financing of the three sacrificial feasts. The poem itself is thus identified as an expression of this praise for the donors.

Di Bello, Michele

In Euripides’ fragmentary Hypsipyle (frag. 752‑69 K.) the seer Amphiaraus plays many and crucial roles: he first unwittingly causes Hypsipyle’s troubles, then becomes her saviour and prevents her execution; he also acts as a messenger of Opheltes’ death; finally, he is responsible for the recognition between Hypsipyle and her two sons. In Greek tragedy there is not another character who plays so many and so important roles in the same drama: Hypsipyle’s Amphiaraus is absolutely one of a kind, a product of Euripides’ late and experimental period of activity as a dramatist. This paper aims to analyse each of the roles played by the seer in this tragedy to evaluate the uniqueness and complexity of his dramaturgical function.

Tanozzi, Federico

In the vast bloodshed of the Ilioupersis, the king of Troy Priam – an old man, burdened with sufferances – faces death at the hands of Neoptolemus, Achilles’ young son. Far from the mercy shown by his father towards Priam in Iliad 24, Neoptolemus is eager to slaughter the king on the very altar of Zeus Herkeios, forsaking the protection granted to a suppliant and violating the heroic behavioural ethos. The three accounts of Priam’s death here discussed – Vergil’s Aeneid 2, Quintus of Smyrna’s Posthomerica 13, Triphiodorus’ Halosis Iliou – rather than focusing on the thematic structure of a hikesia-scene, elaborate on the motifs of a paradoxical and perverted monomachia.

Andrea Carosso

In this work, I explore the concept of quantization as a mapping from classical phase space functions to quantum operators. I discuss the early history of this notion of quantization with emphasis on the works of Schrödinger and Dirac, and how quantization fit into their overall understanding of quantum theory in the 1920's. Dirac, in particular, proposed a quantization map which should satisfy certain properties, including the property that quantum commutators should be related to classical Poisson brackets in a particular way. However, in 1946, Groenewold proved that Dirac's mapping was inconsistent, making the problem of defining a rigorous quantization map more elusive than originally expected. This result, known as the Groenewold-Van Hove theorem, is not often discussed in physics texts, but here I will give an account of the theorem and what it means for potential "corrections" to Dirac's scheme. Other proposals for quantization have arisen over the years, the first major one being that of Weyl in 1927, which was later developed by many, including Groenewold, and which has since become known as Weyl Quantization in the mathematical literature. Another, known as Geometric Quantization, formulates quantization in differential-geometric terms by appealing to the character of classical phase spaces as symplectic manifolds; this approach began with the work of Souriau, Kostant, and Kirillov in the 1960's. I will describe these proposals for quantization and comment on their relation to Dirac's original program. Along the way, the problem of operator ordering and of quantizing in curvilinear coordinates will be described, since these are natural questions that immediately present themselves when thinking about quantization.

Eugene Bulyak, Nikolay Shul'ga

The ionization losses -- the losses of energy by fast charged particles traveling through a matter -- have been under study for more than 100 years. The theoretical explanation of this process spans similar period. About 75 years ago, Lev Landau published a theoretical paper on the ionization losses, which drastically leveled up the research and still remains amongst the most cited in the field. The present note digests the history of theoretical development and attempts to clarify Landau's method of research and the function named after him.

Chen Ye Gan

Popular methods for modeling data both labelled and unlabeled, multiple regression and PCA has been used in research for a vast number of datasets. In this investigation, we attempt to push the limits of these two methods by running a fit on world development data, a set notorious for its complexity and high dimensionality. We assess the robustness and numerical stability of both methods using their matrix condition number and ability to capture variance in the dataset. The result indicates poor performance from both methods from a numerical standpoint, yet certain qualitative insights can still be captured.

Masayuki Nakahata

The first solar neutrino experiment led by Raymond Davis Jr. showed a deficit of neutrinos relative to the solar model prediction, referred to as the "solar neutrino problem" since the 1970s. The Kamiokande experiment led by Masatoshi Koshiba successfully observed solar neutrinos, as first reported in 1989. The observed flux of solar neutrinos was almost half the prediction and confirmed the solar neutrino problem. This problem was not resolved for some time due to possible uncertainties in the solar model. In 2001, it was discovered that the solar neutrino problem is due to neutrino oscillations by comparing the Super-Kamiokande and Sudbury Neutrino Observatory results, which was the first model-independent comparison. Detailed studies of solar neutrino oscillations have since been performed, and the results of solar neutrino experiments are consistent with solar model predictions when the effect of neutrino oscillations are taken into account. In this article, the history of solar neutrino observations is reviewed with the contributions of Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande detailed.

Barak Shoshany, Jared Wogan

In a previous paper, we showed that a class of time travel paradoxes which cannot be resolved using Novikov's self-consistency conjecture can be resolved by assuming the existence of multiple histories or parallel timelines. However, our proof was obtained using a simplistic toy model, which was formulated using contrived laws of physics. In the present paper we define and analyze a new model of time travel paradoxes, which is more compatible with known physics. This model consists of a traversable Morris-Thorne wormhole time machine in 3+1 spacetime dimensions. We define the spacetime topology and geometry of the model, calculate the geodesics of objects passing through the time machine, and prove that this model inevitably leads to paradoxes which cannot be resolved using Novikov's conjecture, but can be resolved using multiple histories. An open-source simulation of our new model using Mathematica is available for download on GitHub. We also provide additional arguments against the Novikov self-consistency conjecture by considering two new paradoxes, the switch paradox and the password paradox, for which assuming self-consistency inevitably leads to counter-intuitive consequences. Our new results provide more substantial support to our claim that if time travel is possible, then multiple histories or parallel timelines must also be possible.

Martínez Fernández, Iker

There has been much discussion about the origin of the actor analogy in Off. 1.107-115. Some scholars have considered that we are facing a theory of personality and even a proposal that would point towards the definition of a moral subject in Cicero’s work. Without discussing the Stoic origin of the analogy, this work argues that Cicero would take in De officiis a Stoic topic transforming it into a Platonic-Aristotelian sense. Thus, the interpretation according to which the first book of Cicero’s last philosophical work would have a profound academic and peripatetic influence is defended.

José Amarante

Propõe-se, neste artigo, ao se retomarem as relações entre Filosofia e Literatura, uma discussão sobre a tradução de poesia, levando-se em conta, principalmente, o pensamento de Walter Benjamin, Roman Jakobson, Ezra Pound, Jacques Derrida e Haroldo de Campos. Para além da discussão, o trabalho traz ainda recriações de epigramas latinos da autoria de Décimo Magno Ausônio, um poeta do séc. IV e.c., também ele recriador de outros poemas. Nessas recriações, realizadas a partir da edição crítica de Roger Green, experimenta-se o exercício de enfrentamento de poemas inçados de dificuldades e, portanto, mais abertos a recriações, conforme propõe Campos. Trata-se, pois, de uma forma de investimento criativo em um dos tipos do make it new poundiano, uma vez que as recriações lidam com aspectos do extratexto cuja tradução se mostrou esteticamente potente e produtiva não via transcriação, mas via recriação, reimaginação ou reinvenção.

Jeroen van Dongen

As the History of Science Society, which is based in America, holds its annual meeting in Utrecht, one of the key academic centers on the European continent, one may surmise that the field has returned home. Yet, this hardly reflects how today's world of scholarship is constituted: in the historiography of science, 'provincializing Europe' has become an important theme, while the field itself, as is the case across the world of academia, is centered around a predominantly American literature. At the same time, ever since historians of science have emancipated themselves from the sciences a long time ago, they often have appeared, in the public eye, to question rather than to seek to bolster the authority of the sciences. How has this situation come about, and what does it tell us about the world we live in today? What insight is sought and what public benefit is gained by the historical study of science? As we try to answer these questions, we will follow a number of key mid-twentieth century historians--Eduard Dijksterhuis, Thomas Kuhn and Martin Klein--in their Atlantic crossings. Their answers to debates on the constitution of the early modern scientific revolution or the novelty of the work of Max Planck will illustrate how notions of 'center' and 'periphery' have shifted--and what that may tell us about being 'in Europe' today.

Michel Dennefeld

The Magellanic Clouds were known before Magellan's voyage exactly 500 years ago, and were not given that name by Magellan himself or his chronicler Antonio Pigafetta. They were, of course, already known by local populations in South America, such as the Mapuche and Tupi-Guaranis. The Portuguese called them Clouds of the Cape, and scientific circles had long used the name of Nubecula Minor and Major. We trace how and when the name Magellanic Clouds came into common usage by following the history of exploration of the southern hemisphere and the southern sky by European explorers. While the name of Magellan was quickly associated to the Strait he discovered (within about 20 years only), the Clouds got their final scientific name only at the end of the 19th century, when scientists finally abandoned Latin as their communication language.