Pediculosis, a parasitic condition caused by distinct lice species, remains a significant public health concern due to its widespread occurrence, particularly among children and adolescents, and in conditions of overcrowding and poor hygiene. This article examines pediculosis from both the Unani and Persian systems of medicine and contemporary medical perspectives, covering its history, life cycle, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pediculosis, presenting insights from both Unani/Persian and modern scientific perspectives. It also proposes the potential for integrated or complementary treatment strategies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing manuscripts of Unani/Persian medicine and contemporary scientific research to explore the historical context, biology, risk factors, and management strategies of pediculosis. A search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus until October 2023, using keywords such as lice, pediculicide, insect, and insecticide alongside the scientific name of each plant. The review highlights the divergence between traditional and modern medical explanations. While the Unani/Persian medicine explains lice infestation based on bodily secretions and environmental factors, contemporary medicine emphasizes lice feeding on blood and the ensuing inflammatory response. Both approaches emphasize the importance of hygiene and environmental conditions for lice infestation. Potential hybrid approaches may offer more comprehensive and effective strategies for managing pediculosis by integrating traditional and modern understandings. Unani/Persian medicine’s emphasis on herbal remedies and lifestyle adjustments, combined with modern pharmacological treatments, presents a promising direction for future research and treatment paradigms.
Medicine, History of medicine. Medical expeditions
Цель научной статьи – рассматривая идейное содержание и проблематику лирико-эпического наследия класси-
ка украинской литературы, проследить и конкретизировать интертекстуальные модели в художественных образцах, а
также в определенной степени углубиться в психоличность писателя – доказать утверждение гуманистических ценностей
и авторсткий пафос Ивана Франко через осмысление его поэм. Соответственно, анализ сделан сквозь призму современ-
ных литературоведческих направлений. Выводы. Доказано, что литературное наследие классика внесло европейские
эстетические и философские идеи в украинскую литературу.
History of medicine. Medical expeditions, Social Sciences
Рассматривается проблема целесообразности овладения лингвистическим компонентом ESP
студентами, что обеспечивает технологию обучения языка через контент, профессионально-коммуникативную компе-
тенцию, интегративный подход из социокультурной составляющей и прагматической эффективностью. Обосновывается
методическая основа реализации терминологической лексики как важной части когнитивного базиса; описываются наи-
более продуктивные номинативные классы, лексико-семантические модели новых концептов; информативность языко-
вого знака. Научая новизна. Освещается механизм кодификации структурно и семантически объединённых групп базо-
вого терминологического фонда, который соответствует профессиональному социуму подъязыка фармации. Выводы.
Актуализуется дидактическая траектория повышения уровня профессионально-значимых языковых умений студентов-
фармацевтов via систематическое введение фармацевтической, медицинской лексики, междисциплинарной научной
терминологии, которые функционируют в исследуемом профессиональном языке. Определяется необходимость разра-
ботки формата обучения с целью развития у студентов-фармацевтов соответствующей лексической и терминологиче-
ской компетенции. The paper highlights
the expediency problem of ESP linguistic component mastering by
a student that provides content-language learning technology, pro-
fessional communicative competence, terminological vocabulary
realization as the important part of learners’ cognitive basis, inte-
grated approach with sociocultural composite and pragmatic effec-
tiveness; considered the productive building models of pharmaceu-
tical lexico-semantic new notions; the regulating mechanisms from
the inner professional language content working to the social rela-
tion sphere. Scientific novelty. Proved that over the entire course
of the ESL training following by the semantic lexical units study-
ing concerning their usage in a world of English Pharmacy lan-
guage get the very most from such educational methodology of
practical knowledge implication.
Conclusions. Defined that among the wide variety of cogni-
tive characteristics of an individual the significant ones for the
language acquisition process are her/his linguistic abilities skills to
use in professional reading and actual communication.
History of medicine. Medical expeditions, Social Sciences
La tensión dialéctica entre cuerpo y espíritu, derivada de su propia naturaleza dual, ha articulado el discurso de la Melancolía desde sus orígenes. Como resultado encontramos distintos arquetipos bioculturales de melancolía, nacidos de la urdimbre secular entre el empirismo y las creencias del imaginario colectivo de cada sociedad. El análisis de los rasgos psicológicos y la fisonomía de la Celestina, entendida como la representación literaria de la melancolía maléfica, nos permite reconstruir el itinerario de interrelaciones entre humoralismo y escolástica medieval que moldearon esta particular “encarnación” de la misma.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, History of medicine. Medical expeditions
The article deals with manuscript and printed books written in the Arabic graphic, revealed by the author in private collections of particular people living in flat and submontane areas of the Republic of Dagestan. During summer months of 2015 and 2016, the author visited Nogaysky, Karabudakhkentsky, Buynaksky, Khasavyurtovsky and Kizlyarsky districts, where he recorded old printed (lithographic) books and manuscript materials stored in fifteen private collections and in the museum of the village of Terekli-Mekteb and in the Jame Mosque of the village of Ullubiyaul as well. The author draws attention mainly to the materials written in the Turkic languages in Arabic graphic both in Dagestan and outside it - in Turkey, Central Asia, the Volga Region (Kazan, Ufa, Orenburg), in the Crimea, and in St. Petersburg. Books of this origin existed and were used by Dagestan readers of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The revealed materials are subjected to an archeographic description according to the generally accepted scheme. They allow us to assess the situation related to the subject, degree of use, the prevalence of Muslim literature in various districts of Dagestan. Among the written objects found in various collections, the author recorded many texts written not only in the Arabic, but also in the Kumyk, Azerbaijani, Tatar, Ottoman Turkish languages and in the common Turki language.
Durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX las técnicas gimnásticas higiénicas y terapéuticas se fueron configurando en Europa como un dispositivo de saber/poder en torno al cuidado y dominio del cuerpo que, por una parte, permitió el desarrollo de un nuevo espacio de aprovechamiento profesional médico y, por otro, sirvió de justificación para la implantación y legitimación de la educación física escolar. Tras un proceso de localización, selección e interpretación documental, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido identificar la genealogía de dicho dispositivo en el contexto español. Para ello se ha puesto el foco en las manifestaciones técnicas, en los conflictos y en los discursos sobre los que se fue conformando ese nuevo espacio profesional. Se ha hecho hincapié en la textura doctrinal constitutiva de la gimnástica cuya impronta –en términos de regularidad, estabilidad, autocontención moral y física– estaría presente en las justificaciones fundacionales de la educación física escolar.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, History of medicine. Medical expeditions
In the nursing profession, leadership plays a significant role in creating motivation and thus enabling nurses to provide high quality care. Ethics is an essential component of leadership qualifications and the ethical leader can help create an ethical atmosphere, offer ethical guidance, and ensure the occupational satisfaction of personnel through prioritizing moralities. However, some issues prevent the implementation of this type of leadership by nursing leaders. The aim of this study was to identify and describe some problems and obstacles in ethical leadership faced by nursing leaders, and to help them achieve more accurate information and broader perspective in this field.
The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and content analysis. A total of 14 nursing managers and educators were selected purposefully, and deep and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Content analysis was performed using an inductive approach.
Three main categories were obtained after data analysis: ethical, cultural and managerial problems. “Ethical problems” pertain to doubt in ethical actions, ethical conflicts and ethical distress; “cultural problems” include organizational and social culture; and “managerial problems” are connected to organizational and staff-related issues.
Nursing leaders put forth various aspects of the problems associated with ethical leadership in the clinical setting. This style of leadership could be promoted by developing suitable programs and providing clear-cut strategies for removing the current obstacles and correcting the organizational structure. This can lead to ethical improvement in nursing leaders and subsequently the nurses.
History of medicine. Medical expeditions, Medical philosophy. Medical ethics
Fatemeh Hajibabaee, Soodabeh Joolaee, Mahammad Ali Cheraghi
et al.
Hospital ethics committees (HECs) help clinicians deal with the ethical challenges which have been raised during clinical practice. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide a historical background of the development of HECs internationally and describe their functions and practical challenges of their day to day work. This is the first part of a comprehensive literature review conducted between February 2014 and August 2016 by searching through scientific databases. The keyword ethics committee, combined with hospital, clinic, and institution, was used without a time limitation. All original and discussion articles, as well as other scientific documents were included. Of all the articles and theses found using these keywords, only 56 were consistent with the objectives of the study. Based on the review goals, the findings were divided into three main categories; the inception of HECs in the world, the function of HECs, and the challenges of HECs. According to the results, the Americas Region and European Region countries have been the most prominent considering the establishment of HECs. However, the majority of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and South-East Asia Region countries are only beginning to establish these committees in their hospitals. The results highlight the status and functions of HECs in different countries and may be used as a guide by health policymakers and managers who are at the inception of establishing these committees in their hospitals.
History of medicine. Medical expeditions, Medical philosophy. Medical ethics
O objetivo deste texto é analisar como as questões referentes à vulgarização da ciência eram tratadas por um periódico brasileiro do século XIX, a Revista Popular , editada pela Livraria e Casa Editorial Garnier, entre 1859 e 1862. São investigadas as seções relacionadas a esse assunto, analisados os prólogos, identificados os temas tratados na revista em relação às comissões e viagens de exploração científica do território brasileiro, bem como levantados os autores e editores do periódico. A análise aponta para conclusões que evidenciam o importante papel ocupado pela revista na difusão de informações sobre o delineamento de uma possível ciência nacional para um público mais amplo do que aquele formado pelos círculos estritamente intelectuais.
Revolutionary wars have devastating and far-reaching effects on the health of the populations caught up in them. However, the deaths and injuries produced by weaponry are only part of the story, because diseases resulting from malnutrition and contaminated drinking water account for the majority of medical problems. This essay uses photographs and testimonies of participants to explore health issues during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), as well as incorporating secondary literature on this question. Furthermore, photographic images are not presented as simple (indexical) windows onto the world. Rather, the author attempts to identify the imagemakers and provide explanations that help in imagining the reasons behind the making of the photographs.<br>Revoluções armadas têm efeitos devastadores e de longo alcance sobre a saúde das populações envolvidas. No entanto, mortes e ferimentos produzidos por armas são apenas parte da história, pois doenças resultantes de má nutrição e contaminação da água potável são responsáveis pela maior parte dos problemas médicos. O artigo utiliza fotografias e testemunhos de participantes para investigar questões de saúde durante a Revolução Mexicana (1910-1920), incorporando também literatura secundária sobre a questão. As imagens fotográficas não são apresentadas simplesmente como janelas (indexadores) para o mundo. Tenta-se identificar os autores das imagens e construir explanações que ajudem a imaginar as razões por que cada fotografia foi tirada.
Resumo O artigo discute a influência da formação de jovens sanitaristas na Fundação Rockefeller para as ações que desenvolveram nos cargos de chefia sanitária no Brasil. São apresentados os métodos de educação e propaganda sanitárias da instituição norte-americana e os cartazes elaborados sob orientação do médico Antônio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto na Reforma Sanitária da Bahia. Após retornar da Universidade Johns Hopkins, em Baltimore, onde foi bolsista da Rockefeller entre 1921 e 1922, o médico contribuiu para a difusão nacional dos conhecimentos adquiridos internacionalmente.