Hasil untuk "History of Law"

Zdzisław Zarzycki, Paweł Kaźmierski

The new law on marriage (and civil status records) introduced in post-war Poland on 1 January 1946 created a new legal status for many planning to enter into marriage and those who wanted to divorce. The law unified on a national scale, treated marriage as a secular institution, and concluded before a state civil registrar. The spouses could enter only a subsequent religious marriage according to their confession. Five outdated marriage codifications, dating back to partition times, were eliminated from legal circulation. A new secular divorce law was introduced, which was separated from the religious norms of spouses, and thus Catholics were allowed to divorce. The socialist state limited the freedom to divorce by introducing a broad catalog of positive grounds for divorce. The possibility of divorce upon the spouses’ unanimous request was introduced for a period of 3 years (1946–1948). This was a chance for spouses who had not had children and had not lived together for many years to apply for divorce. The practical effect of introducing the new divorce law after 1946 was that the District Courts in Kraków and Słupsk saw a sharp increase in divorce cases, and the parties initiating divorce were increasingly women (wives).

Heather J. Alexander, Jonathan A. Simon, Frédéric Pinard

The law draws a sharp distinction between objects and persons, and between two kinds of persons, the ''fictional'' kind (i.e. corporations), and the ''non-fictional'' kind (individual or ''natural'' persons). This paper will assess whether we maximize overall long-term legal coherence by (A) maintaining an object classification for all future AI systems, (B) creating fictional legal persons associated with suitably advanced, individuated AI systems (giving these fictional legal persons derogable rights and duties associated with certified groups of existing persons, potentially including free speech, contract rights, and standing to sue ''on behalf of'' the AI system), or (C) recognizing non-fictional legal personhood through legal identity for suitably advanced, individuated AI systems (recognizing them as entities meriting legal standing with non-derogable rights which for the human case include life, due process, habeas corpus, freedom from slavery, and freedom of conscience). We will clarify the meaning and implications of each option along the way, considering liability, copyright, family law, fundamental rights, civil rights, citizenship, and AI safety regulation. We will tentatively find that the non-fictional personhood approach may be best from a coherence perspective, for at least some advanced AI systems. An object approach may prove untenable for sufficiently humanoid advanced systems, though we suggest that it is adequate for currently existing systems as of 2025. While fictional personhood would resolve some coherence issues for future systems, it would create others and provide solutions that are neither durable nor fit for purpose. Finally, our review will suggest that ''hybrid'' approaches are likely to fail and lead to further incoherence: the choice between object, fictional person and non-fictional person is unavoidable.

Nnana Okoi OFEM, Chinasa UTTAH, Ndem Samuel ETIM et al.

This research aimed to evaluate the impact of mass tourism on the hospitality industry and tourism destination development in Cross River State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were collected through a checklist and questionnaire, and subsequently analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings indicated that Transcorp Hotel and Azari had the highest number of visitor arrivals, with Cuba contributing the largest percentage of tourists in the region. Moreover, the study identified overcrowding and an increase in crime rates as the primary challenges associated with mass tourism in the area. Consequently, the results emphasize the necessity of implementing effective measures to alleviate the negative impacts of overcrowding and address the challenges arising from mass tourism.

Lukáš Likavčan

SETI is not a usual point of departure for environmental humanities. However, this paper argues that theories originating in this field have direct implications for how we think about viable inhabitation of the Earth. To demonstrate SETI's impact on environmental humanities, this paper introduces Fermi paradox as a speculative tool to probe possible trajectories of planetary history, and especially the "Sustainability Solution" proposed by Jacob Haqq-Misra and Seth Baum. This solution suggests that sustainable coupling between extraterrestrial intelligences and their planetary environments is the major factor in the possibility of their successful detection by remote observation. By positing that exponential growth is not a sustainable development pattern, this solution rules out space-faring civilizations colonizing solar systems or galaxies. This paper elaborates on Haqq-Misra's and Baum's arguments, and discusses speculative implications of the Sustainability Solution, thus rethinking three concepts in environmental humanities: technosphere, planetary history, and sustainability. The paper advocates that (1) technosphere is a transitory layer that shall fold back into biosphere; (2) planetary history must be understood in a generic perspective that abstracts from terrestrial particularities; and (3) sustainability is not sufficient vector of viable human inhabitation of the Earth, suggesting instead habitability and genesity as better candidates.

Laura van Melle, Lia van der Ham, Yolande Voskes et al.

Abstract Background Self-binding directives (SBDs) are psychiatric advance directives that include the possibility for service users to consent in advance to compulsory care in future mental health crises. Legal provisions for SBDs exist in the Netherlands since 2008 and were updated in 2020. While ethicists and legal scholars have identified several benefits and risks of SBDs, few data on stakeholder perspectives on SBDs are available. Aims The aim of the study was to identify opportunities and challenges of SBDs perceived by stakeholders who have personal or professional experience with legally enforceable SBDs. Methods Data collection was carried out in the Netherlands from February 2020 to October 2021 by means of semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and snowball methods. Interviews were conducted with mental health service users (n = 7), professionals (n = 13), and an expert on SBD policy (n = 1), resulting in a total number of 21 interviews. The data were analyzed thematically. Results Perceived benefits of SBDs included increased autonomy, improvement of the therapeutic relationship, possibility of early intervention and prevention of harm, prevention of compulsory care, reduction of the duration of compulsory care and recovery, mitigation of negative experiences around compulsory care, and guidance for professionals in providing compulsory care. Perceived risks included infeasibility of SBD instructions, difficulty in decision-making around SBD activation, limited accessibility of SBDs, disappointment of service users due to non-compliance with SBDs, and limited evaluation and updating of SBD content. Barriers to SBD completion included lack of knowledge of SBDs among professionals, lack of motivation or insight among service users, and lack of professional support for SBD completion. Facilitators of SBD completion and activation included support for SBD completion, involvement of relatives and peer experts, specification of SBD content, and evaluation of compulsory care and SBD content. The new legal framework was regarded as having both positive and negative effects on SBD implementation. Conclusions Stakeholders who have personal or professional experience with legally enforceable SBDs perceive SBDs as having important benefits and tend not to articulate the fundamental ethical concerns about SBDs which can be found in the ethics and legal literature. Instead, they perceive ethical and practical challenges that can be addressed through the implementation of suitable safeguards.

Marek Prudovič

Vyšný, P. Pravek práva. Praha: Leges, 2021, 128 s.

N. A. Shabelnikova

Natalya Alekseevna Shabelnikova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Police Colonel, Honored Worker of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. She is the author of scientific research on the history of law enforcement agencies in a wide problem-thematic and chronological range. This interview was agreed in October 2022 during the scientific official journey N. A. Shabelnikova in Omsk to participate in the work of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference «Activities of domestic special services in the era of social cataclysms». The interview was given remotely, and then edited by Natalya Alekseevna from Vladivostok in January 2023. The conversation was devoted to the prospects for studying the history of Russian special services in Russia, modern estimates of the historiography of the Civil War in the Far East and the policy of preserving historical memory in Russia.

Peter Galison, Juliusz Doboszewski, Jamee Elder et al.

This white paper outlines the plans of the History Philosophy Culture Working Group of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration.

A. A. Watson

A brief history of the development of surface detectors for the study of the high-energy cosmic rays is presented. The paper is based on an invited talk given at UHECR2022 held in LAquila, October 2022. In a complementary talk, P Sokolsky discussed the development of the fluorescence technique for air-shower detection.

Dong Quan Ngoc Nguyen

In this paper, we establish an explicit higher reciprocity law for the polynomial ring over a nonprincipal ultraproduct of finite fields. Such an ultraproduct can be taken over the same finite field, which allows to recover the classical higher reciprocity law for the polynomial ring $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ that is due to Dedekind, Kühne, Artin, and Schmidt. On the other hand, when the ultraproduct is taken over finite fields of unbounded cardinalities, we obtain an explicit higher reciprocity law for the polynomial ring over an infinite field in both characteristics $0$ and $p >0$ for some prime $p$. We then use the higher reciprocity law to prove an analogue of the Grunwald--Wang theorem for such a polynomial ring in both characteristics $0$ and $p > 0$ for some prime $p$.

Gábor Hollósi

The institution of the nomination of parliamentary candidates was already well known in most European electoral systems between the two wars. Its purpose can be briefly summarized as meaning that the voters can only cast their votes for a person who has previously been nominated as a parliamentary candidate under the conditions specified by law. Within the European field, the contemporary Hungarian nomination system is characterized by its extraordinary intricacy, and the high number of abuses naturally follows from its complexity. However, in our study we do not deal with these abuses but describe the Hungarian rules and regulations while constantly researching its European aspects. Accordingly, we divided our work into three units. First of all, we classify the continent’s nomination systems in order to show where the place of the Hungarian rules and regulations between the two wars were. Thereafter, we review the development of the Hungarian rules based on the Electoral Decree of 1922, the (First) Electoral Act of 1925, the so-called “Nomination” Amendment Act of 1937 and the (Second) Electoral Act of 1938. Finally, using the Explanatory Memorandums to the mentioned acts and the discussion materials of the National Assembly/Parliament, we look for the European (comparative) examples that emerged during their creation. Our study will also show what the Explanatory Memorandums to the acts (which reflect the pro-government standpoint) or the parliamentary opposition considered worth highlighting from the nomination systems of foreign countries.

Gerald A. Goldin

Prediction of ``anyons'', often attributed exclusively to Wilczek, came first from Leinaas & Myrheim in 1977, and independently from Goldin, Menikoff, & Sharp in 1980-81. In 2020, experimentalists successfully created anyonic excitations. This paper discusses why the possibility of quantum particles in two-dimensional space with intermediate exchange statistics eluded physicists for so long after bosons and fermions were understood. The history suggests ideas for the preparation of future researchers. I conclude by addressing failures to attribute scientific achievements accurately. Such practices disproportionately hurt women and minorities in physics, and are harmful to science.

Rafid Mahmood, James Lucas, David Acuna et al.

Given a small training data set and a learning algorithm, how much more data is necessary to reach a target validation or test performance? This question is of critical importance in applications such as autonomous driving or medical imaging where collecting data is expensive and time-consuming. Overestimating or underestimating data requirements incurs substantial costs that could be avoided with an adequate budget. Prior work on neural scaling laws suggest that the power-law function can fit the validation performance curve and extrapolate it to larger data set sizes. We find that this does not immediately translate to the more difficult downstream task of estimating the required data set size to meet a target performance. In this work, we consider a broad class of computer vision tasks and systematically investigate a family of functions that generalize the power-law function to allow for better estimation of data requirements. Finally, we show that incorporating a tuned correction factor and collecting over multiple rounds significantly improves the performance of the data estimators. Using our guidelines, practitioners can accurately estimate data requirements of machine learning systems to gain savings in both development time and data acquisition costs.

Masateru Inoue

There are many previous studies on the Hopf algebra $K(n)_*(K(n))$, the stable cooperations of $n$th Morava $K$-theory at an odd prime. Whereas the main part of $K(n)_*(K(n))$ corepresents the group-valued functor consisting of strict automorphisms of the Honda formal group law of height $n$, relations between the whole structure of $K(n)_*(K(n))$ including the exterior part and formal group laws have not been investigated well. Firstly, we constitute a functor $C(-)$ which is given by the fiber product of two natural homomorphism between subgroups of automorphisms of formal group laws, and the Hopf algebra $C_*$ corepresenting $C(-)$. Next, we construct a Hopf algebra homomorphism $κ^*:C_*\to K(n)_*(K(n))$ naturally. To relate $C_*$ to $K(n)_*(K(n))$, we use stable comodule algebras which are introduced by Boardman. From the algebra structure of $K(n)_*(K(n))$ which is given by Würgler and Yagita, we see that $κ^*$ is an isomorphism. Since we formulate $C_*$ by using formal group laws, the isomorphism $κ^*$ clarifies relationship between the Hopf algebra structure of $K(n)_*(K(n))$ including the exterior algebra part and formal group laws.

Andrea Carosso

In this work, I explore the concept of quantization as a mapping from classical phase space functions to quantum operators. I discuss the early history of this notion of quantization with emphasis on the works of Schrödinger and Dirac, and how quantization fit into their overall understanding of quantum theory in the 1920's. Dirac, in particular, proposed a quantization map which should satisfy certain properties, including the property that quantum commutators should be related to classical Poisson brackets in a particular way. However, in 1946, Groenewold proved that Dirac's mapping was inconsistent, making the problem of defining a rigorous quantization map more elusive than originally expected. This result, known as the Groenewold-Van Hove theorem, is not often discussed in physics texts, but here I will give an account of the theorem and what it means for potential "corrections" to Dirac's scheme. Other proposals for quantization have arisen over the years, the first major one being that of Weyl in 1927, which was later developed by many, including Groenewold, and which has since become known as Weyl Quantization in the mathematical literature. Another, known as Geometric Quantization, formulates quantization in differential-geometric terms by appealing to the character of classical phase spaces as symplectic manifolds; this approach began with the work of Souriau, Kostant, and Kirillov in the 1960's. I will describe these proposals for quantization and comment on their relation to Dirac's original program. Along the way, the problem of operator ordering and of quantizing in curvilinear coordinates will be described, since these are natural questions that immediately present themselves when thinking about quantization.

Najma Moosa

This article focuses on the controversial issue of apostasy pertaining to the alleged family of Shaykh Yusuf of Makassar, the Indonesian pioneer of Islam in colonial South Africa, after his demise at the Cape in the late 17th century during a period of Dutch occupation of both countries. It is reported in local and international historical and scholarly sources that the second generation grandchildren of this political exile and learned Islamic scholar converted from Islam to Christianity at the Cape and thereafter entered into marriages with Christian spouses. Their mother is alleged to have been the Shaykh’s daughter, Zytie Sara Marouff (alias Care Sale), and their father, the Rajah or King of Tambora (alias Abulbasi Sultan), a fellow exiled countryman. The marriage between the Rajah and Zytie is alleged to have taken place shortly after his arrival at the Cape in 1698 but before the death of Shaykh Yusuf in 1699. The conversions are recorded to have taken place within two decades of the Shaykh’s death and shortly after the death of their father, the Rajah, in 1719; both averted death sentences but died during exile at the Cape. The main aim of this article is to critically analyse these sources, which contain both conflicting information, and whose authors express ambivalent views, in an attempt to unravel the mystery surrounding their conversion and the marriage of their parents. Although some local Muslim religious authorities (ulama) at the Cape are aware of these conversions, many are not. In fact, these conversions were overlooked in a publication on the very topic. Local Muslims have therefore not been fully apprised by them of this aspect of their history because the topic is understandably also a sensitive one. The aim of this article is therefore not to dispute these facts or even that these conversions may have been a voluntary exercise and a consequence of freedom of choice. Although an analysis of some of the policies of the then Dutch colonial government which were enforced at the Cape (for example, those pertaining to interracial and interreligious marriages amidst limited religious freedom) are referred to, this article highlights that socio-economic reasons (poverty) and practical expediency (marriage) may indeed have precipitated such conversions. A detailed critical analysis, including of the Islamic law (Shari’a) pertaining to freedom of religion and apostasy, is unfortunately beyond the scope of this article due to space constraints. [Artikel ini membahas kontroversi pindah agama pada keluarga Syekh Yusus Makassar selepas diasingkan di Afrika Selatan pada masa kolonial Belanda akhir abad 17. Menurut sumber lokal dan tulisan sarjana internasional menyatakan bahwa generasi kedua keturunan Syekh Yusuf telah memeluk Kristen serta menikah dengan pasangan Kristen. Cucu yang dimaksud adalah anak dari putri Syekh Yusuf, Zytie Sara Marouff, yang menikah dengan Raja Tambora yang juga ikut dalam pengasingan di Cape Town. Pernikahan itu diperkirakan terjadi setelah rombongan tiba di Cape Town tahun 1698 dan sebelum wafatnya Syekh Yusuf tahun 1699. Sedangkan konversi agama yang terjadi sekitar dua dekade setelah wafatnya Syekh Yusuf dan selepas wafat ayah mereka Raja Tambora tahun 1719. Fokus utama artikel ini adalah mengkritisi sumber-sumber informasi yang bertentangan dan pandangan-pandangan para penulis yang ambivalen dalam rangka memperjelas misteri mengenai konversi dan pernikahan kedua orang tua mereka. Walaupun ulama lokal di Cape Town menyadari tentang konversi tersebut, namun sebagian besar tidak memperdulikannya. Sayangnya konversi ini dilihat berlebihan dalam berbagai tulisan. Lagipula penduduk muslim setempat tidak menjelaskan informasi hal ini pada catatan sejarah mereka karena dipahami sebagai hal yang sensitif. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini tidak bermaksud untuk memperdebatkan atau bahkan menguji fakta mengenai konversi agama yang memang bagian dari hak kebebasan beragama. Walaupun artikel membahas pelaksanaan kebijakan kolonial Belanda (misal pembatasan pernikahan antar ras dan antar agama ditengah pembatasan kebebasan beragama), artikel ini juga membahas sekilas soal kemiskinan dan praktik kebijaksanaan pernikahan dalam mengendapkan persoalan konversi. Namun karena keterbatasan halaman maka artikel ini tidak membahas persoalan hukum Islam mengenai kebebasan beragama dan pindah agama.]

Lavínia Alves Oliveira, Juliana Sales Rodrigues

O continente africano é rico em diversidade étnica, devido a colonização, essa pluralidade se faz presente no Brasil, resultando na constituição de uma cultura afro-brasileira, que pode ser percebida por sua vez, na religiosidade, nas cores, hábitos, e culinária, tornando-se assim  importante na construção do nosso país, contudo, sabe-se que a população negra brasileira sofre com a desigualdade racial eminente desse processo de colonização e combatê-las significa lutar contra o racismo, sendo religioso ou não. Neste contexto, a criação da Lei 10639/03, é um importante instrumento para defrontar os preconceitos e estereótipos no Ensino de História da África nos bancos escolares, que mantêm uma  estrutura eurocêntrica em seus conteúdos, assim, esta lei viabiliza uma educação combativa, reconhecendo o racismo, refletindo sobre o papel do negro na história do Brasil e a valorização da cultura africana eafro-brasileira, buscando também que se faça presente o conhecimento científico construído por pensadoras e pensadores negros. Para além disso, torna-se importante pensar no uso da lei 10639/03 no ensino de História enquanto formação docente, dentro da Universidade. Considerando o que foi exposto, este artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a criação de um recurso didático (História em quadrinhos), e por meio dele busca-se refletir sobre a aplicabilidade da lei 10.639/03 nos componentes curriculares de Laboratório de Cultura afro-brasileira e Novos Temas para o Ensino e Pesquisa Histórica do curso de Licenciatura em História da Universidade do Estado da Bahia - Campus XVIII. Palavras-Chave: Ensino de História; Lei 10.639/03; UNEB – XVIII.   The African continent is rich in ethnic diversity, due to colonization, this plurality is present in Brazil, resulting in the construction of an Afro-Brazilian culture, which can be perceived in religiosity, the nuclei, habits and cuisine, becoming so important in the construction of our country, however, the black Brazilian population suffers from an eminent racial inequality because of the colonization process, fighting against it means fighting against racism, which can  be religious or not. In this context, the creation of Law 10639/03 is an important instrument to discard prejudices and stereotypes about the Teaching of African History in schools, which has maintained a Eurocentric structure in its contents, thus, this law enables a combative education, recognizing racism, reflecting on the role of black history in Brazil and on the valorization of African and Afro-Brazilian culture, also seeking to make present the scientific knowledge constructed by black thinkers. In addition, it is important to think about the use of law 10639/03 in the teaching of history for future history teachers who still are undergraduate students. This article deals with the creation of a didactic resource (Comic Strips), and through it to reflect on the application of Law 10.639 / 03 in the curricular components of Laboratory of Afro-Brazilian Culture and New Themes for Teaching and Historical Research of the History Degree Course at the State University of Bahia (UNEB) - Campus XVIII. Key words: History teaching; Law 10.639 / 03; UNEB – XVIII.   El continente africano es rico en diversidad étnica, debido a la colonización, esa pluralidad se hace presente en Brasil resultando en la construcción de una cultura Afro-Brasileña, que puede ser percibida a su vez en la religión, en los colores, hábitos y costumbres alimenticias, tornándose muy importante en la construcción de nuestro país. Aun es sabido que la población negra brasileña sufre con la desigualdad racial resultante de ese proceso de colonización, y combatirlas significa luchar contra el racismo, siendo religioso o no. En este contexto, la creación de la ley 10639/031, es un instrumento importante para desarticular los preconceptos y estereotipos durante la enseñanza de la Historia Africana en las aulas escolares, las cuales mantienen una estructura eurocéntrica en sus contenidos. Así, ésta ley permite una educación combativa reconociendo el racismo, reflejando el papel de las personas de color en la historia de Brasil y valorizando la cultura africana y Afro-brasileña, buscando también que se haga presente el conocimiento científico construido por pensadoras y pensadores de color. Además, resulta importante pensar en el uso de la Ley 10639/03 en la enseñanza de Historia durante la formación docente dentro de la universidad. Considerando lo expuesto, este artículo se trata de la creación de un recurso didáctico (Historia en un cuadrado), y por medio de él se busca plasmar la ley 10.639/03 en la aplicación de los componentes curriculares del laboratorio de Cultura Afro-Brasileña y Nuevos Temas para la enseñanza y búsqueda Histórica de la carrera de Licenciatura en Historia de la Universidad del Estado de Bahia- Campus XVIII. Palabras clave: Enseñanza de historia; ley 10.639/03; UNEB – XVIII.

Damien Minenna, Frédéric André, Yves Elskens et al.

The traveling-wave tube is a critical subsystem for satellite data transmission. Its role in the history of wireless communications and in the space conquest is significant, but largely ignored, even though the device remains widely used nowadays. This paper present, albeit non-exhaustively, circumstances and contexts that led to its invention, and its part in the worldwide (in particular in Europe) expansion of TV broadcasting via microwave radio-relays and satellites. We also discuss its actual contribution to space applications and its conception. The originality of this paper comes from the wide period covered (from first slow-wave structures in 1889 to present space projects) and from connection points made between this device and commercial exploitations. The appendix deals with an intuitive pedagogical description of the wave-particle interaction.

Tatiana Karoyeva

The article deals with practical activity of the workgroup created in order to administer the Law of Ukraine «On condemnation of totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and prohibition of propaganda of their insignia» within the town of Vinnytsia. The workgroup had to reveal objects containing communist and Soviet insignia that exists in the public urban area, to work out advice and propositions as to replacing town toponyms containing insignia of communist the totalitarian regime with new names. The article content is arranged in the following blocks: a) creation of the workgroup; b) decision-making algorithm (from historians’ point of view); c) scientific grounds of historian group activity; d) selection of objects for further discussion; e) procedure of discussion of proposed new toponyms. Six historians residing in Vinnytsia were introduced into the workgroup. They belong to various generations and represent both governmental and public organizations. The following principles have been defined for organizing of the historian group activity: - toleration (provides for respectful attitude towards various canons of historic memory except for Soviet-communist one); - historicism (due regard to be paid not only to the past but to current tendencies and challenges of the future as well); - education (the activity has to promote dialogs between various social groups and formation of unified collective memory); - local topicality with a view to the formation of unified image/brand of the town. Several approaches to practical activity on replacing of toponyms have been developed in order to ensure smooth work process. They were intended to be used simultaneously or in sequence depending on the actual situation but every proposal was concerned from the proposed standpoints in line with all the following approaches: - historicity (provides for restoration of historical names of places and implementation of historical and urban practical methods of representation of the town history in toponymy); - commemoration (this approach traditionally provides for drawing attention to the formation of ethnic and national identity and cultural matrix of the nation, but in the course of solving of nation-wide problems Vinnytsia historian group strived to be oriented to the identity of local urban community); - locality (conformity of toponyms to peculiarities of nature, history, economics and culture of Vinnytsia, Bratslavshchyna, and Podillia regions); - concreteness (provides for conformity of a toponym to its actual local (in line with toponym’s scale) circumstances (geographical, biological, industrial, cultural, religious, personological etc.); - actualization (due regard to be paid to the necessity of drawing attention to certain events and persons that, as a rule, are not of the nationwide scale). Out of total 836 town place names, 147 toponyms (85 names) have been replaced with new ones and reasoning for 5 names (12 toponyms) has been changed. Thus decommunization encompassed 19% of the town toponymical system.

Luciano Maiani, Luisa Bonolis

The object of this interview is the history of the Large Hadron Collider in the LEP tunnel at CERN, from first ideas to the discovery of the Brout-Englert-Higgs boson, seen from the point of view of a member of CERN scientific committees, of the CERN Council and a former Director General of CERN in the years of machine construction