Benjamin Monmege, Julie Parreaux, Pierre-Alain Reynier
Weighted Timed Games (WTG for short) are the most widely used model to describe controller synthesis problems involving real-time issues. Unfortunately, they are notoriously difficult, and undecidable in general. As a consequence, one-clock WTGs have attracted a lot of attention, especially because they are known to be decidable when only non-negative weights are allowed. However, when arbitrary weights are considered, despite several recent works, their decidability status was still unknown. In this paper, we solve this problem positively and show that the value function can be computed in exponential time (if weights are encoded in unary).
Para Foucault, la realidad social es un efecto del discurso científico, que tiende a vincularse con los intereses políticos y hegemónicos. Muestra el carácter históricamente contingente de las verdades establecidas y realza las voces de quienes han excluidos por los discursos dominantes. Propone separar la verdad de la ciencia y defiende la diversificación de las fuentes y tipos de discursos. En cambio, Bourdieu cree en una ciencia social que establezca sus propios criterios internos de funcionamiento sin la influencia de intereses políticos y económicos. De esta forma, la ciencia puede desenmascarar los mecanismos a través de los cuales los grupos dominantes presentan su interés particularista como el interés general. Bourdieu defiende un universalismo real dónde los intereses que se proclamen como universales deban ser realmente acordes con los valores de la virtud cívica (igualdad, fraternidad, honestidad, altruismo o desinterés). Por otro lado, ambos autores comparten que la alienación está en la base de la opresión y, por ello, abogan por construcciones cognitivas alternativas que desnaturalicen las actuales clasificaciones sociales.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
As the internet data centers are mushrooming, the energy consumption and carbon emission of data centers are increasing rapidly. To cut down the electricity cost and carbon emission of the data centers, we proposed an optimization method to reduce the electricity cost and carbon emission in geo-distributed multiple data centers. In the proposed method, the carbon tax is considered in the overall operation cost to optimize the carbon emission. The spatial and temporal flexibility of computational workload is fully utilized by considering the difference in renewable energy power output, local electricity and carbon emission of multiple geo-distributed data centers to achieve a better performance. Furthermore, the nonlinear characteristics of the power loss of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) are considered in the optimization. To verify the proposed optimization method, simulation of six cases is carried out with realistic data, and results have proved the proposed method can reduce the operational costs by 4.93%–12.7% and decrease carbon emissions by up to 10%.
Accessing clean and pure water is a crisis for women and families all over the world. Without the proper resources to receive water can lead to the fatality of women and their families. This paper explores water scarcity and household coping mechanisms to water scarcity with special reference to women households in Chidothe village. It identifies the sources of water in Chidothe village, understands the challenges faced by women in fetching water and explores household coping mechanisms to water scarcity with the purpose of raising awareness to the community’s situation. Although the water supply system was expanded in 2001, many areas including Chidothe village are still experiencing water problems. In the past years’ researchers and policy makers have focused on improving the performance of water utility infrastructure in order to eliminate this threat. However, little efforts have been made to understand social issues to water shortage and how people respond to them. Data gathering methods were individual interviews and focus group discussions. All interviews were audio recorded. The data was processed manually and analyzed thematically. The results were analyzed through insights and arguments from Feminist Political Ecology (FPE). The study reveals that women and girls in Chidothe Village have a greater responsibility to fetch water, are facing challenges to access portable water such as lack of money to connect to tap water, the absence of water kiosks in the village further worsens the problem and circumstances force them to draw water from unsafe sources, hence, exposing themselves to diseases. The results imply that there is an urgent need to address water supply systems in order to prevent people from water borne diseases. The study concludes that there is need to incorporate women in decision making to articulate their concerns and interests at local level and also water aid stakeholders should use gender sensitive approaches when planning, designing and implementing water projects.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Abstract In this paper, we investigate how market concentration and efficiency impact banks’ performance and stability during the SAR-COV-2 pandemic. There is a research gap in the empirical literature in understanding the specific impact of market concentration and efficiency on the profitability and risk-taking behavior of banks, particularly in the developing context of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. To address this gap, we examine the relationship between market concentration, efficiency, and bank performance using a comprehensive dataset encompassing 575 banks across 20 MENA countries from 2006 to 2021. Specifically, we examine the market dynamics and performance of different banking systems co-existing in the MENA region. Our findings indicate that prior to the pandemic, both conventional and Islamic banks benefited from enhanced financial stability as a result of the increased market concentration and efficiency. However, during the pandemic, the positive effects of efficiency and concentration were primarily observed within the group of Islamic banks. Furthermore, we provide new evidence for the moderating effect of market concentration, with a significant negative impact suggesting that increased market competition reinforces the efficiency effect during the pandemic. Our findings are important for policymakers and regulatory authorities in the MENA region as they indicate the need for new policies that assign a more significant role to Islamic banking in the post-SAR-COV-2 recovery.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Hamida Beg , Muhammad Ferdowsieh, Fatemeh Hosseini
رغم وضوح أهمية صحة الإنسان، إلا أننا نجد مسألة إضراربنفس قد انتشرت بشكل واسع، والتي يعتبرها البعض جائزة بناء على حكم الملكية وكون الإنسان له الحق في ذاته. السؤال الأساسي الذي يطرحه المقال في مجال إضراربنفس هو الحكم الديني على مختلف المستويات الذي استنتجه فقهاء الإمامية بالأدلة العقلية والنقلية.
قد توصل هذا البحث الذي كتب بطريقة توصيفية تحليلية إلى النتائج التالية: إضراربنفس درجات تشمل الانتحار، والبتر، وفقدان إحدى الحواس، والتعرض للمرض، والضرر البسيط، والإهانة. يحرم القتل بالآيات والأحاديث وعقلا. إلا إذا كان للدفاع عن النفس أو الجهاد وبإذن الولي. كما تحرم الشريعة البتر, لأنه يعرض الإنسان للهلاك ما لم يكن لذلك سبب منطقي وطبي. أما المستويات الأخرى فهناك اختلاف بين الفقهاء عليها.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
La enfermedad cardiovascular es causa frecuente de muerte y de discapacidad en la mayoría de los países según la OMS. Se cree que para el año 2030 afectará a cerca de 23,6 millones de personas. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular en adultos hipertensos de una población rural del estado Falcón – Venezuela. En este estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, se incluyó 55 hipertensos, obteniendo como resultados: a) la edad predominante fue de 23 - 83 años (56 + 7,47); b) 50,90% fueron femeninos; c) 3,63% pertenecían al estrato II, 3,63% estrato III, 87,27% estrato IV y 5,45% estrato V; d) 81,81% se encontraron con prehipertensión; e) 18,18% presentaron hipertensión arterial grado I; e) estuvieron presentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular no modificables: Edad/Sexo 69,09% (41,81% mujeres > 45 años, 27,27% hombres > 55 años), antecedente familiar de enfermedad cardiovascular 89,09%; y modificables: sedentarismo 83,63%, hábitos alimentarios inadecuados 54,54%, diabetes mellitus 29,09%, dislipidemia 23,63%, hábito tabáquico 21,81%, obesidad 3,63%. Finalmente se determinó el riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular: < 10% 89,09%, 10 - 20% 7,27%, 20 - 30% 3,63%. Se concluye que la totalidad de los casos estudiados presentaron factores de riesgos modificables y no modificables para enfermedad cardiovascular, y el riesgo predominante para padecer esta patología en 5-10 años fue de menos de 10%.
Demián D. Gómez, Michael G. Bevis, Robert Smalley
et al.
Abstract The Patagonia Icefields (PIF) are the largest non-polar ice mass in the southern hemisphere. The icefields cover an area of approximately 16,500 km2 and are divided into the northern and southern icefields, which are ~ 4000 km2 and ~ 12,500 km2, respectively. While both icefields have been losing mass rapidly, their responsiveness to various climate drivers, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, is not well understood. Using the elastic response of the earth to loading changes and continuous GPS data we separated and estimated ice mass changes observed during the strong El Niño that started in 2015 from the complex hydrological interactions occurring around the PIF. During this single event, our mass balance estimates show that the northern icefield lost ~ 28 Gt of mass while the southern icefield lost ~ 12 Gt. This is the largest ice loss event in the PIF observed to date using geodetic data.
Циљ овог рада је изложити аргументацију Томе Аквинског у његовом покушају доказивања Бога, а поред тога и његово одређење душе. Најпре се осврћемо на средњи век и оно шта са њим долази, а и како је све то утицало на ауторе тог периода. Затим се конкретно фокусирамо на Бога, као Творца, а са тим и његов однос спрам човека. У трећем делу се у најосновнијим цртама бавимо поимањем душе и њеним својствима. У закључку је обухваћена суштина читавог рада, као и одраз и утицај који су остали аутори имали на Тому Аквинског.
Social Sciences, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The charters of pardon or ‘remission letters’ granted by the king of France and the duke of Burgundy in the late Middle Ages have often been interpreted as a valuable source material to access to the lives, memories, and even the ‘voices’ of the ordinary people who did not produce any other writing. The preamble of each letter was indeed a copy of the supplication submitted by the future pardon beneficiary, in which he narrated his crime and begged for the sovereign’s mercy. However, as with many other documents preserved in court and chancery records, remission letters engage historians with a series of methodological questions due to the nature of the documents and the context in which they were produced. Because they hoped to be granted the monarch’s mercy, petitioners used a series of legal and rhetorical techniques to describe themselves and elaborate their narrations, following the advice of the clerks and lawyers who helped them to compose their petitions. This article explores some of these strategies used by French and Burgundian pardon beneficiaries and compares them to those found in English petitions for pardon. It argues that rather than being considered as an obstacle to accessing to the truth behind the sources, these strategies should be analysed as the testimony of the legal and administrative practices of the time.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
In a journal entry from 1957, H.D. writes that Adorno’s description of the aging of modernist music might easily apply to the fate of her own work in the post-war period: “Among other fascinating things, he [Adorno] says that Bartók ‘could not quite live up to his own avant-guardism’ [sic] […]. I felt the phrase applied, in a way, to myself and my Helen sequence” (H.D. 2015, p. 40). H.D.’s remark refers to her long poem, <i>Helen in Egypt</i> (1960), which, with its engagement with classical sources and epic themes, seemed to some to be a throwback to an earlier modernist period in which Pound, Joyce, Eliot and H.D. herself had looked to ancient models as a means of reinvigorating modern literature. What did it mean for H.D. to feel that her work had outlived its time, to be a first-generation modernist still writing in that mode after many of her peers and their achievements had passed into history? This article explores H.D.’s sense that her practice was at odds with contemporary demands for poetry to answer to immediate historical concerns. It also considers her case against the critics in letters, notes and in <i>Helen in Egypt</i> which contains its own defense of the relevance of classical modernism to the post-war present day.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
[ca] Bartomeu de Tresbens fou un metge, astròleg i filòsof al servei de dos reis de la Corona d’Aragó, Pere IV el Cerimoniós i el seu fill, el duc Joan, futur Joan I el Caçador, entre els anys 1360 i 1375, aproximadament. La seua important obra de contingut astrològic a penes ha estat estudiada, si n’exceptuem el Llibre de les nativitats. De la mateixa manera, la major part de la seua biografia ens és desconeguda. Conservem documents, correspondència fonamentalment, de la seua relació amb la monarquia, però també altres registres que el relacionen amb els municipis de Barcelona i Cervera. Molt particularment, en aquest segon cas, Tresbens va estar temptat per les autoritats municipals per fer de metge i possiblement de mestre. Aquest estudi fa un repàs a la seua biografia però se centra particularment en les negociacions del metge amb Cervera. Una estratègia amb la qual Tresbens sembla que volia assegurar un lloc on passar la resta dels seus dies i amb un sou desmesurat.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, History of medicine. Medical expeditions
The substantiation for using techniques of fish raw material canning has been presented, raw fish being caught or farmed in aquaculture. The main problems in raw fish canning have been reviewed, including significant reduction in thermolabile vitamins in the ultimate product as compared with the raw material due to the thermal processing. Promising canning technique – vacuum drying – has been proposed. This technique makes possible to reduce the temperature of thermal processing down to 50…55 °С and significantly enlarge preservation of thermolabile vitamins from the raw fish. Sampling of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, including preparation for analysis has been conducted by standard methods. Disadvantages of this way have been found, it is low energy efficiency of the process. The way to intensify the vacuum drying of aquatic organisms has been proposed based on the method of preliminary pore-forming due to augmenting the area of moisture evaporation. The design of the pilot plant has been proposed in order to research the process of pore forming and vacuum drying. Target species for processing have been suggested. They are as follows: Azov goby (fillet) for food products and Black Sea sprat for feeds. The recipes of the feed mixture for granulated floating food for trout have been developed. The results of the first series of the pilot research have been provided. The experiments have proved that preliminary pore forming immediately before vacuum drying makes possible to enlarge the surface area of moisture evaporation by 15…25 %. By processing photomicrographs of sections by means of a special software the authors have got the results demonstrating that when manufacturing dried products by pore forming and drying under pressure 10 kPa the pore take 35...38 % of the inner volume of the product and with drying under pressure 10 kPa – only 18...21 %, and when drying under the atmospheric pressure – 11...13 %.
Este artículo propone explorar la presencia pública de las cholas en la ciudad de Cochabamba (Bolivia) y las representaciones que desde distintos ámbitos se elaboraron en torno a ellas entre 1880 y 1946, para examinar después los nexos de esta presencia urbana femenina y popular con un renovado nacionalismo. La exploración traza un itinerario que incluye la emergencia de mercados campesinos y populares en la ciudad, algunas festividades, la estética chola en la fotografía, la economía de la chicha y finalmente las distintas interpretaciones de la narrativa de las “Heroínas de la Coronilla”, las cuales derivaron en la creación del Día de la Madre y en la conversión de las cholas en las madres simbólicas de la nación. El argumento central es que la ansiada modernidad criolla llegó, irónicamente, de la mano de los sectores populares que, además, tenían una nítida impronta femenina.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
The paper focuses on the semantics and functioning of nouns with the suffix -(e)nie (-(е)ние) in A.I. Herzen's “My Past and Thoughts”. The research novelty is determined by the lack of linguistic knowledge about A.I. Herzen's writings. The research relevance is defined by the necessity to complete the analytic view of Russian language history and historical stylistics. The analysis has been carried out based on the Russian National Corpus, using the continuous sampling method. As a result of the analysis, quantitative data have been obtained. Furthermore, A.I. Herzen's usage of nouns has been characterized from the diachronic point of view, i.e., it has been revealed how active he was in usage of outdated lexemes or, on the contrary, new ones. To fulfill this purpose, data from the customized sub-corpus covering the “My Past and Thoughts” text have been compared with the main corpus data.
It has been found out that nouns with the suffix -(e)nie- are exceptionally frequent in “My Past and Thoughts”. The data are characterized by several parameters: from the point of their origins, which are determined, in particular, by producing stems' features; from the point of usage frequency, both in works contemporary to Herzen's writings, as well as those preceding it and created later.
A.I. Herzen uses a) various archaisms, including those related to the Church Slavonic tradition (though, mainly, in non-sacral contexts), loan words subsequently displaced by their synonyms, and nouns motivated by verbs with outdated vocalization; b) words new to his time, but widespread later; c) occasional derivates. The essential features of writer's personality are the usage of suffix derivates based on imperfective verb stems, and also non-standard context decisions.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Este artículo pone de relieve los esfuerzos realizados en el área de la adquisición de segundas lenguas para describir los mecanismos psicolingüísticos que el aprendiz de lenguas pone en práctica en el momento del aprendizaje. Esos mecanismos, identificados inicialmente como estrategias, fueron objeto de estudio por varios investigadores debido a la importancia que la competencia estratégica representa en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa del aprendiz. En coherencia con lo anterior, desde una perspectiva diacrónica, se describe cómo se ha ido confor- mando la noción de estrategia, sus diferentes tipologías y su importancia en el marco de una pedagogía para la autonomía, en la que el desarrollo de la autorregu- lación resulta esencial en el proceso de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Philology. Linguistics
El artículo versa sobre el diseño, fundamentación teórica y aplicación práctica del modelo de análisis multivariable o factorial para medir la calidad de atención al cliente (estudiantes de estudios generales), por parte del equipo docente. El artículo se divide en tres partes: la primera es una introducción teórica sobre la calidad del servicio, mejoramiento continuo, la importancia del dato estadístico y la evaluación sistemática. La segunda parte es una reflexión sobre los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, y su importancia en la medición de los procesos sociales, en particular sobre el modelo que he diseñado para la Escuela de Estudios Generales. En la tercera parte se explican las características del modelo, su fundamentación estadística en lo concerniente a las muestras de los dos estudios ya realizados, así como los antecedentes preparatorias al estudio. En esta parte, además, se analizan algunos datos estadísticos que expresan los indicadores de gestión, según los factores de estudio, sus variables, acorde a cada una de las secciones de Estudios Generales y de la Escuela en general.