Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Andrzej Jamiołkowski

Zjawisko opisane przez Henryka Berezę jako nurt chłopski w literaturze było w obrębieliteratury polskiej czymś wyjątkowym. Dzięki wywodzącym się z prowincji twórcom, takim jak:Julian Kawalec, Tadeusz Nowak, Wiesław Myśliwski, Edward Redliński i Marian Pilot, wieś zyskałareprezentację w głównym nurcie kultury i literatury lat 1945–1989. Jednak również wśród tekstównurtu chłopskiego można wskazać tematy, które nie znalazły swojego odzwierciedlenia lub znajdowały je rzadko. Wśród utworów należących do nurtu chłopskiego da się zauważyć niewielką reprezentację kobiet, zarówno wśród autorek, jak i równorzędnych w stosunku do postaci męskich bohaterek. Najada (1970), Diabły (1971) i Gorczyca (1981) to nieliczne przykłady utworów skupiających się na żeńskiej perspektywie życia na prowincji. Wyraziste postacie matek, córek i żon stanowią uzupełnienie męskiej perspektywy, która – jak się wydaje – zdominowała nurt chłopski.Obraz życia przedstawiony w literaturze zostanie skonfrontowany z relacjami kobiet wiejskich, wysyłanymi na konkurs Instytutu Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk, opublikowanymi w latach 1975–1976 w trzech zbiorach z serii Wspomnienia Kobiet Wiejskich: Czyste wody moich uczuć (1975), Rola przeorana, dom piękny (1975) i Być w środku życia (1976).

Imomotimi Armstrong

The intersection of modern African poetry and folklore is a much-researched topic in African literary scholarship. However, literary scholars have not examined this relationship in the poetry of Christian Otobotekere, a king and poet whose cultural productions have been mostly studied from the perspective of ecocriticism. Therefore, in this article, I look at the place of Ịjọ (also spelt “Ijaw”) folklore in Otobotekere’s A Sailor’s Son 1: In the Wake of Games and Dances (2015). I find that, in this collection, Otobotekere frequently employs the folklore of his people, including dirge, drum poetry, lullabies, moonlight stories, dance patterns, and musical styles, as well as elements of Ịjọ songs such as simplicity, repetition, allusion, dialogue, and direct address. I further discover that Otobotekere’s incorporation of Ịjọ folklore makes his poetry performative and helps it to achieve the quality of what is usually referred to as “written orality”. I argue that Otobotekere makes it his main aim to showcase these aspects of folklore to the non-Ịjọ reader and to document them for future generations in the Ịjọ community in Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region. This study appeals to scholars in the fields of literature and folklore as it contributes to the decades-long conversation on the interaction between the two disciplines. 

Kassaveti Ursula-Helen

Despite its slow and ambivalent transformation, particularly after WWII, Greek society strived to present a novel and relatively modern face during the 1960s. While tradition in all its facets had been a long-lasting staple, even affecting critical aspects of everyday life, modernity began to take steps and seek changes: peasants left the countryside to explore new opportunities in the urban centers, immigration rose, education emerged as a means to escape poverty, while technology penetrated the Greek household slowly. Such urban shifts have been particularly documented in the popular Greek films of the 1960s, providing a rich framework to explore the notions of tradition and modernity in visual folklore. By employing a qualitative approach, this article focuses on how Greek popular film reflects the critical tensions surrounding everyday urban life by examining customs, rituals, identities, and material culture as represented in particular film case studies. It will argue that the popular Greek film of the 1960s documents glimpses of tradition still surviving in the city and presents to the Greek audience ways of handling, preserving, or even rejecting tradition, while flirting with modernity.

Борис Ланин

The article studies the portrait essay by Genna Sosonko, the eminent chess writ- er in modern Russian literature. A chess theme has a consistent history in Russian literature. Sosonko contributes his essays to this history. His essay Gioconda’s Smile is in focus in the article. The author transformed ‘the material of reality’ into es- thetically organized text. Sosonko chose grandmaster Eduard Gufeld as the central character of his work. For him, a man in the chess game is the best test for his moral and ethical qualities. He uses the elements of chess folklore, rumors, travel stories, speech characteristics to compose a central feature of his essay. The psychological analysis discloses ethically ambivalent character. Nevertheless, Gufeld’s joyfulness, sense of humor and vital energy made him very well known in the chess world. His mother’s epitaph serves as a dominant (Vygotsky) of this essay.

Suchoples, Jaroslaw

A book review of: Lehti, Marko, Henna-Riikka Pennanen & Jukka Jouhki (ed.). Contestations of Liberal Order. The West in Crisis? Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 2020. 384 pages. ISBN 978-3-030-22058-7.

Funda Kızıler Emer

The year 2020 has already taken place in history pages as a year of pandemic in which the coronavirus outbreak has taken millions of lives all over the world. This year also coincides with the 50th anniversary of the death of Paul Celan (1920-1970), one of the well-known poets of the post-war Austrian lyric. Interestingly, Celan named his poem Corona, which he wrote seventy-two years ago. The year 1948 corresponds to three years after the end of the Second World War in world history. In Celan’s personal history these years coincide with tough times, when he emigrated to Czernowitz, Bucharest and then Vienna after surviving the Nazi death camp where his parents were sacrificed. The friendships that Celan built here with the writers around the literature in Vienna, especially meeting the Austrian poet Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973), constitute a turning point in his life. Two great poets experience passionate love. This poem of Celan carries traces of this stormy love in 1948. The main purpose of this study is to analyze this poem and also to investigate whether there is a relationship between Corona and Celan’s poem with the same title, which is known as the name of the pandemic virus that has killed millions of people today. In this way, it is aimed to draw attention to both the poetry of the master poet, who entered the 50th year of his death in 2020, and the epidemic of the Corona virus that threatened all humanity. In this study, an eclectic method including “close reading”, historical positivist, biographical critism and hermeneutic methods has been used.

Нэркэс Ахметовна Хуббитдинова , Гульнар Вилдановна Юлдыбаева, Гульнара Хависовна Абдрафикова et al.

Введение. Зародившийся на стыке фольклора и литературы жанр баит в башкирском фольклоре возник на основе стихотворной формы бейт, который в поэзии народов Ближнего и Среднего Востока означает двустишие в разных жанрах классической поэзии. В башкирском и татарском фольклоре баит служит определением жанра национальной поэзии, в котором повествуется об исторических или бытовых происшествиях трагического или остродраматического характера. Башкирские народные баиты делятся на военно-исторические и социально-бытовые. Цель. В статье исследуются некоторые башкирские социально-бытовые баиты как жанр, находящийся между устной и книжной литературой, и их отличительные черты с точки зрения композиции и художественно-эстетического разнообразия. Материалы. При рассмотрении данной проблемы в основу исследования легли документы фольклорных научных экспедиций, организованных в разные годы, которые затем вошли в том «Баит» многотомного свода «Башкирское народное творчество» (Уфа, 1978, на башк. яз.; 2004, на рус. яз.), а более позднего периода — в сборники материалов экспедиций. Среди всего материала авторы выделяют интересующий их жанровый вид баитов — социально-бытовые, которые в национальной фольклористике не изучены в достаточной степени. Об этом свидетельствует отсутствие публикаций, прежде всего монографий. Авторы статьи делают попытку восполнить этот пробел, привлекая найденные фольклорные материалы. Для объективности выводов и более выпуклой демонстрации художественного своеобразия башкирских народных социально-бытовых баитов авторы также обращаются к трудам татарских исследователей и ссылаются на некоторые их высказывания. Результаты. В результате проделанной работы авторы статьи установили яркие отличительные художественно-эстетические, идейно-тематические, художественно-функциональные качества и своеобразие социально-бытовых баитов. В отличие от баитов других жанровых видов (социально-исторических баитов с их разновидностями) для них в особенности характерны эпитеты, образные сравнения, параллелизмы и уменьшительно-ласкательные формы в обращениях, наличие зачина, концовки и т. д. Также было выявлено сходство социально-бытовых баитов с идейно-тематическими особенностями эпитафики, надгробных записей. Обнаруженные татарскими исследователями эти сходства во многом характерны и для башкирского народного творчества

Marina М. Imasheva

At the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, provincial Astrakhan was one of the recognized centers of the Tatar world in the Russian Empire. On the eve of the revolutionary upheavals, the Astrakhan Tatar-Muslim community took the second place in terms of the Tatar population, after Kazan. The Tatar Astrakhan community was formed throughout the 19th century and was ethnically represented by both local, Astrakhan Tatars and immigrant Tatars from the middle Volga and Ural provinces, who consti¬tuted 90% of the city's mahalla. Having moved to Astrakhan, they joined the socio-economic life of the region. The majority of the Tatar population of the Astrakhan community were engaged in trade (small-scale wholesale, retail, and huckstery) or various trades – baking, transportation, maintenance of public catering enterprises, etc. By property status they belonged to the small and middle bourgeoisie. With their involvement in the early twentieth century, the territory of the Tatar-Muslim community of Astrakhan-Mahalla, or Tatar Quarter (Tatarskaya Sloboda) adopted unique architectural features that have been preserved to the present day.

Lyubov A. Kurysheva

The essay compares Pushkin’s synopsis of a folk tale about the dead princess with a newly found early 18 th century manuscript “The Tale about A Tsar and His Daughter” using a similar plot. The analysis reveals the specificity of the early version of the AT 709 plot “Snow White” in Russia. An odd motif in Pushkin’s folklore record — the brave deed of the princess in the house of the seven brothers — has been hitherto considered as non-fitting for this type of fairy tale. However, an episode describing the princess putting to sleep the enemies of the brothers with the help of sleeping drops has a parallel in the newly found manuscript: in the latter, the princess defeats the dragon, the brothers’ enemy, with the help of poisoned drink. The search for similar motives led to a group of fairy tales about a girl and robbers represented in the late records of the 19 th and 20 th centuries where this motif constitutes the final part. The analyzed material reveals that the episode with the princess’s deed was characteristic of the early versions of the fairy tale AT 709 in Russia and, apparently, was lost in the oral tradition under the influence of Pushkin’s verse fairy tale and the version of the Brothers Grimm. Other common features of “The Tale about A Tsar and His Daughter” and Pushkin’s synopsis — a poisoned shirt, a high tomb and the prince’s falling in love with the dead princess — are preserved in the later Russian versions of the fairy tale AT 709.

David Rotman

This article focuses on the concept 'reconstruction of the world' proposed by G. Zoran in his theoretical work on the representation of space in narrative. It makes special reference to the inter-medially transformative processes that narrators and audiences undergo, as materially concrete objects in space turn into representations in the verbal medium. Investigating the possible bodies of knowledge common to the participants in the communicative process, the article specifically discusses animals widely described in late antique and medieval Jewish folk tales and considers the possibilities for reconstructing the sources of shared imaginary worlds.

Tânia Regina Egert Petry, Cibelli de Medeiros Pickler, Carlos Alberto Tomelin

A fim de melhorar sua participação nacional no segmento de turismo de negócios e eventos, os empreendedores da cidade de Florianópolis devem primar pela qualidade dos serviços oferecidos. Para tanto, com os consumidores cada vez mais exigentes e apoiados em sites de avaliações de serviços para auxiliar nas suas escolhas, uma maior atenção das empresas neste sentido denota-se necessária. No turismo, o chamado Conteúdo Gerado pelo Usuário (CGU) se populariza à medida que serve como fonte de informação. Por esta razão, o presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção dos hóspedes de negócios quanto ao desempenho da qualidade dos serviços prestados em seis hotéis da cidade de Florianópolis. Para tal, utilizou-se um estudo do tipo exploratório-descritivo, tendo como método analítico o qualitativo. Foram avaliados 1.133 comentários postados pelos usuários no site de viagens Booking.com de acordo com as dimensões da qualidade do Modelo SERVPERF. A escolha do site se deu por sua penetração de escala junto ao público investigado. Os elementos de maior destaque apontados pelos hóspedes foram aferidos em escala de prioridade, utilizando-se para a análise de textos o Software NVIVO. Diante dos resultados, observou-se que os aspectos tangíveis tiveram maior grau de prioridade nas avaliações dos hóspedes, com destaque para a localização, o café da manhã e o conforto do quarto, como os principais pontos fortes, o que pode auxiliar os hotéis na formulação de estratégias para maximizar ainda mais estes aspectos. Em contrapartida, os equipamentos e as instalações foram mal avaliados, o que denota oportunidades de melhoria nas evidências físicas assinaladas. Ao se pensar nas categorias serviços e infraestrutura, percebe-se a inter-relação sobre atributos de qualidade nos aspectos tangíveis avaliados pelos hóspedes.

Necati DEMİR

Civil society organizations which are non-govermental, operate political, cultural, social, legal etc. Areas, consisting of the employees and members on a voluntary basis, non- profit organizations. German-Turkish Association (German name: Deutschtürken Verband e.V.) is a non-governmental organization established by Turks in Munich of Germany. In this study, German-Turkish Association has been introduced, information about the activities of the Union has been given, these activities has been evaluated in terms of their contribution to the Turkish and Turkish culture.

Iveta Todorova-Pirgova

The author analyzes the historical changes of human notions and perceptions about demonic creatures from ancient times till the present days. The world of demons has always been “densly populated”, although one sort of its “inhabitants” could be replaced with another or could be described in another way by different generations in different historical periods. It is stressed that people believe in demons even today, although “modern” demons can have a quite different appearance and different kinds of activities, especially in big cities.

Alícia Santolària Òrrios

Quin és el cànon que es fa servir a les aules del 1r cicle d’E. Primària? Quin és el criteri de selecció? Són les rondalles tradicionals protagonitzades per dones les més triades? Aquests interrogants motiven la investigació que presentem i que hem dut a terme a una escola pública valenciana. Després de comprovar que les rondalles de la llista no s’adien als valors curriculars de la igualtat de gènere, n’hem buscat unes altres del folklore català que presenten trets més actius i savis. La creació d’un grup de treball a l’escola ha generat, d’una banda, l’adaptació per als infants d’aquestes narracions; i de l’altra, una exposició al centre sobre les dones i els contes tradicionals on l’alumnat ha escrit els textos.

Bārbala Simsone

The paper gives an insight into the horror fiction genre in Latvian literature, from folklore to modern literary works. Although the horror genre is represented by only a few works in Latvian literature, these works manifest several national characteristics. These characteristics are the main focus of the present study. Although Latvian folklore offers plenty of material for the horror genre, in the form of ghost stories and legends, very few writers have actually exploited these rich sources in their creative work. The first attempts to incorporate horror motifs into original literary works appear only at the beginning of the 20th century and, surprisingly, they are found in poetry rather than prose. The first elements of the horror genre in drama appeared in a play by Jānis Rainis. Prose was the last literary form where elements of horror fiction appeared. Short story writers first used elements of legend and folklore in a symbolic and allegorical manner, and only as late as the 1920s did they start to incorporate the supernatural without explaining it away rationally. Under the Soviet regime development of the horror genre stopped altogether, since it was unacceptable to the ruling system. The next traces of the horror genre began to appear in Latvian literature only in the 1970s and 1980s. New horizons opened when national independence was regained in 1990.

Necati Demir, Esra Nur Tiryaki

The aim of this study is to evaluate reading comprehension skills of deaf students at secondary schools according to some of variables (reading comprehension aim of critique objectives in the Turkish curriculum, gender, and grade level) The research was done on 40 boarding and day students at Hatay Hurriyet Secondary School for the Deaf (5th grade (7 students), 6th grade (15 students), 7th grade (8 students) and 8th grade (7 students)). These students are heavily hearing impaired but they don’t use any hearing-aid or cochlear implant. In the research were two different data collection tools used: “5th Grade Reading Comprehension Test” and“6th – 8th Grades Reading Comprehension Test”. Scores from reading comprehension tests do not differentiate according to gender and grade level. As for the attainments, 5th-8th grade deaf students are most successful at these: “they make use of pictures for interpretation of what is read.” and “They interpret text-related pictures.”

Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar Sáenz

Laurence J. McGinley

D. Ben-Amos, K. Goldstein

R. Abrahams