Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Danuta Szpilko, Agnieszka Rzepka, Elvira Nica et al.

The article aims to identify and assess the factors shaping the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe and their interrelationships. With respect to the objective, three research questions were formulated: (I) What are the factors supporting the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe?, (II) What are the limiting factors (barriers) to the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe?, (III) What are the main factors influencing the development of sustainable and smart cities in Europe? As part of the research process, the following methods were applied: horizon scanning, STEEPVL analysis, the Delphi method and structural analysis. The study involved 131 experts from 28 countries, whose articles on sustainable and smart cities development are indexed in the Web of Science database. The directions analysed include: smart governance and citizen participation; renewable energy microgrids with decentralised energy trading; delegating decisions to AI-based systems; and urban digital twins. The Delphi results unambiguously indicate three main enabling factors: access to external sources of finance; advanced digital infrastructure together with data integration; and a high level of cybersecurity and data protection. The principal barriers were identified as: a low level of integration across urban systems and a lack of data interoperability; limited fiscal capacity of local authorities; and institutional resistance to change and to the digital climate transition. The results of the structural analysis indicate that institutional governance, the maturity of data infrastructure and interoperability set the trajectory of change. The findings entail practical implications: institutional governance and regulatory transparency should be strengthened; diversified, multi-source funding should be ensured; interoperability should be prioritised; and AI and digital twins should then be scaled in step with capability development and a security-by-design approach.

Bartłomiej Lisicki, Iwona Franczak, Prity Sinha et al.

Energy poverty is a socio-economic topic that is not only related to the sustainability problem of natural resource extraction but also human activities. It reflects a situation in which households are unable to fully meet their energy needs. It mainly affects countries with a lower level of development, as well as those whose energy mix is largely based on non-renewable sources (such as coal). These undoubtedly include the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Investigations are still being conducted to explain the causes of the problem of energy poverty. The paper’s main aim is to assess the impact of selected macroeconomic factors on the level of energy poverty. A backward stepwise regression procedure was used to achieve this aim. Models have been developed for each of the three countries: the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia separately and for all of them together. These models are intended to identify the most prominent macroeconomic factors across all three countries. Results from all four models have highlighted two prominent variables which may impact the level of energy poverty in selected countries. They are following: electricity prices for household consumers with all taxes and net electricity imports. In three of the four developed models, they explained the level of energy poverty in a statistically significant manner. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the governments of these countries take action on these variables, which can help manage energy poverty. Their identification and subsequent impact may help to reduce this problem in the analysed post-coal economies. 

Joanna Ejdys, Danuta Szpilko

The article provided a classification of scientific research relating to European Green Deal (EGD) issues to assess their compatibility with areas identified in the EGD strategy document and identify emerging future research directions. A systematic literature review was based on bibliometric analysis and focused on articles in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The systematic literature review aimed to identify, integrate and evaluate research on the selected topic based on clearly defined criteria. Research query included (TITLE-ABS-KEY (“EU” OR europ*) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“green deal”) ) in the case of Scopus and TS = (“EU” OR europ*) AND “green deal”) in the case of Web of Science. In total, 641 publication records were qualified for analysis. The bibliometric analysis allowed identifying eight thematic clusters and linking them to the eight areas of the European Green Deal strategy. The bibliometric analysis enabled the identification of eight thematic areas of international research undertaken in relation to the European Green Deal. These cover a variety of topics from social sciences, engineering, agriculture,  sciences and natural sciences. Clusters included: Energy, circular economy, industry, building, mobility, food, biodiversity and pollution.

Anna Bernaciak, Dariusz Springer

Financial participation of the commune inhabitants in the implementation of their tasks in building technical infrastructure is not a clearly regulated issue. In local government practice, at least five basic solutions have been developed according to this type of participation. They have been presented based on targeted, critical literature reviews and legal texts and jurisprudence analysis. The article’s main aim is to indicate a set of tools by which the financial participation of residents in the construction of infrastructure can be implemented and to present their comparison and valorisation. Finally, it should be stated that the most complete level of social involvement is achievable due to applying participation under the provisions of the Inland Transport Infrastructure Financing Act and local initiative. These are tools that give citizens the broadest impact on implementing individual investments. According to the participation ladder, they can be considered tools for the co-production of public services and the highest level of social participation.

Eugeniusz KOŚMICKI

The review of the book Weihenstephan Trial Garden In Bavaria

Anna K. Mazurek-Kusiak, Bogusław Sawicki

The purpose of this study is to determine the way of tourism management of the loess ravine “Korzeniowy Dół” in Kazimierz Dolny on the Vistula river, taking into account the principles of sustainable development. This report uses secondary results obtained from the City Hall of Kazimierz Dolny. These were electronic measurements of the tourist traffic on the Vistula Boulevard and the number of tickets sold to the Castle and the Tower as well as Góra Trzech Krzyży. In addition, diagnostic survey was conducted using the questionnaire and direct interview. “Korzeniowy Dół” is one of the products that create the image of Kazimierz Dolny as a tourist town and should be developed in such a way that erosion processes are maximally slowed down. This ravine should be completely closed for traffic.. The bottom of the ravine should be drained and water should be drained through a pipe to the ditch. The bottom of the ravine should remain a ground road used only for pedestrian traffic, as it is only possible way to this tourist and natural attraction preserve for other generations. Visiting the ravine should be paid, like the entrance to Góra Trzech Krzyży, which will contribute to the protection of attractions and will help raise funds for the expansion of accompanying tourist infrastructure. The originality of the work consists in indicating the way of commercialization of the loess ravine in Kazimierz Dolny.

Wojciech Kruszyński, Jacek Dawidowicz, Dariusz Andraka et al.

The paper presents the results of computer modelling of sanitary sewerage networks in selected towns of the Podlasie Voivodship.The calculation process of the design and operation of the sewerage network is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and it becomes necessary to use information technologies in the design process. Computer-aided design streamlines the entire process and enables a more accurate analysis of the work of the designed system. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in computer modelling. The concept of computer modelling is the construction and study of models that map reality or only a fragment of it. In practice, this is the main procedure used for research seeking to determine the behaviour of operational reality in given conditions. Computer models give the possibility to verify design assumptions and network operating conditions. Thanks to them, there is an opportunity to control real flows during operation. 

Krystyna Rauba, Agata Zimińska

Renewable energy sources play a key role. The Polish legal system takes into account public participation in the investment process. This also applies to the construction of a wind power plant. In Poland, there is still opposition from local communities to the choice of location and the implementation of an investment project involving the construction of a wind power plant. The aim of this article is to assess the public perception of the construction of a wind farm located in the municipality of Rajgród. The survey of the local community opinion was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire carried out through a direct interview. By using the conditional valuation method (CVM), which uses the ready-to-pay (WTP) techniques, residents’ preferences regarding participation in investment financing costs were also examined. Surveys carried out show that the inhabitants of the commune support renewable energy sources and some of the respondents are willing to partially subsidize them. The research has shown that there is a correlation between the age, education and income of the respondents and the amount of co-financing declared by them for the construction of a wind farm in the commune of Rajgród. The largest group of people willing to finance the investment were people in the age groups 26-40 and 41-65. The declared willingness to finance the investment was 1,86 EUR (10% of people) and 2,33 EUR (15% of people). These were people aged between 41-65 with their income of over 232,56 EUR. Only 2% of the respondents declared the amount of 1,16 EUR and they were people over 65 years of age with an average monthly income of about 116,28 EUR.

Stanisław Łuniewski

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Michael Flecker

The main purpose of this paper is to examine historically issues of territorial claims over the South China Sea. As it is known that at present there are at least six countries claiming part or all of South China Sea territory. In this case China is the most ambitious country to control all areas in the South China Sea. This has led to political and military tensions in the region. It is strange that the South China Sea waters has actually been a shipping thoroughfare for the last two millennia. Therefore, this historical study will contribute to an understanding of the issues that could provoke international conflict.

Łukasz Kolendo

The localization of wind energy objects in different parts of Poland has seen a signifi cant increase in interest from foreign and local investors. Among these areas, the Podlaskie province is characterised by advantageous wind conditions and a noticeable reservoir of areas predisposed to wind energy development. Predisposed areas may be considered as useful, nevertheless in the context of several conditions, some of these areas could be characterised by higher suitability for performing a certain role in space. The paper proposes an approach for regional-scale assessment of wind energy development potential considering wide range of conditions.

Jan Krupa, Oleksandr Młynar

The article presents author’s conception of culinary trail related to beekeeping households, honey and apiarian products. The trail named „Podkarpackі Honey Trail” contains 9 apiaries and 1 flagship store located in the area of Podkarpackіe voivodeship. In the description of the trail the attention was paid on the main events related to honey as well as on natural and cultural values located on the trail and in the area. The intention of developing the culinary trail referring to honey was to enable tourists and visitors getting to know the tradition of beekeeping, hіstory and cultural customs of Podkarpackіe Province.

Judit Vidal Bonavila

Aquest article té com a objectiu comprendre la importància que tingueren les almadraves a Catalunya, localitzar la zona en què es van desenvolupar i avaluar la seva rellevància social i econòmica.

Coia Escoda Múrria

Detlev Ellmers

John Kearon

Joan Alemany Llovera

Josep Sastre Solés

Enric Garcia Domingo