Hasil untuk "Ecology"

W. Boecklen, C. Yarnes, B. Cook et al.

C. Jonsson, L. T. Figueiredo, O. Vapalahti

J. Chave

J. Newton

A. M. Scriber, F. Slansky

A. Lugo, S. Snedaker

N. S. Talekar, A. Shelton

E. Shochat, P. Warren, S. Faeth et al.

M. Fenner

R. Poulin

T. Kozlowski, P. Kramer, S. Pallardy

Alyson Brown, A. Mclachlan

W. J. Matthews

J. Lussenhop, D. Coleman, D. Crossley

I. Hanski, Y. Cambefort

Erle C. Ellis

Humans, unlike any other multicellular species in Earth's history, have emerged as a global force that is transforming the ecology of an entire planet. It is no longer possible to understand, predict, or successfully manage ecological pattern, process, or change without understanding why and how humans reshape these over the long term. Here, a general causal theory is presented to explain why human societies gained the capacity to globally alter the patterns, processes, and dynamics of ecology and how these anthropogenic alterations unfold over time and space as societies themselves change over human generational time. Building on existing theories of ecosystem engineering, niche construction, inclusive inheritance, cultural evolution, ultrasociality, and social change, this theory of anthroecological change holds that sociocultural evolution of subsistence regimes based on ecosystem engineering, social specialization, and non-kin exchange, or “sociocultural niche construction,” is the main cause of both the long-term upscaling of human societies and their unprecedented transformation of the biosphere. Human sociocultural niche construction can explain, where classic ecological theory cannot, the sustained transformative effects of human societies on biogeography, ecological succession, ecosystem processes, and the ecological patterns and processes of landscapes, biomes, and the biosphere. Anthroecology theory generates empirically testable hypotheses on the forms and trajectories of long-term anthropogenic ecological change that have significant theoretical and practical implications across the subdisciplines of ecology and conservation. Though still at an early stage of development, anthroecology theory aligns with and integrates established theoretical frameworks including social–ecological systems, social metabolism, countryside biogeography, novel ecosystems, and anthromes. The “fluxes of nature” are fast becoming “cultures of nature.” To investigate, understand, and address the ultimate causes of anthropogenic ecological change, not just the consequences, human sociocultural processes must become as much a part of ecological theory and practice as biological and geophysical processes are now. Strategies for achieving this goal and for advancing ecological science and conservation in an increasingly anthropogenic biosphere are presented.

C. Wilmers, Barry A. Nickel, Caleb M. Bryce et al.

W. J. Kress, C. García‐Robledo, M. Uriarte et al.

Xin Luo, Ting Mao, Xi Wang et al.

Abstract Cholestasis, a bile flow disorder common to many liver diseases, currently lacks effective treatments. Emerging evidence links gut microbiota disturbances to cholestatic liver injury. Here, an antibiotic cocktail (ABX)-treated mouse model confirmed the indispensable role of the intestinal microbiota, with marked shifts including increased Alistipes putredinis (A. putredinis) and decreased Clostridium spp. (C. spp.). In vitro, ferulic acid and wogonin effectively modulated the gut flora, and in vivo they alleviated liver injury. Administration of A. putredinis exacerbated hepatic inflammation by disrupting intestinal barrier integrity and facilitating bacterial translocation, an effect reversed by ferulic acid. Conversely, treatment with C. spp. and wogonin enhanced bile salt hydrolase activity and bile acid excretion. Notably, combined treatment with ferulic acid and wogonin or C. spp. significantly ameliorated cholestatic liver injury. These findings underscore the critical role of gut microbiota in cholestasis and suggest therapeutic potential for microbiota-targeted and natural compound-based interventions.

Annalisa Caligiuri, Emile Emery, Leonardo Ferreira et al.

Ecological communities are composed of species interactions that respond to environmental fluctuations. Despite increasing evidence of temporal variation in these interactions, most theoretical frameworks remain rooted in static assumptions. Here, we develop and apply a time-varying network model to five long-term ecological datasets spanning diverse taxa and environments. Using a generalized Lotka-Volterra framework with environmental covariates, we quantify temporal rewiring of interspecific interactions, asymmetry patterns, and structural stability. Our results reveal contrasting dynamics across ecosystems: in datasets with rich temporal resolution, interaction networks exhibit marked rewiring and shifts in cooperation-competition ratios that correlate with environmental stress, consistent, though not always linearly, with the stress-gradient hypothesis. Conversely, in datasets with coarser temporal sampling, networks retain constant interaction sign structure and remain in cooperation-dominated regimes. These findings highlight the importance of temporal resolution and environmental context in shaping ecological coexistence.