Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

Tadeusz Gacia

Opracowanie stanowi poprzedzony wstępem przekład na język polski siedmiu wybranych utworów poetyckich Teodulfa z Orleanu - czterech utworów o charakterze panegirycznym, dekowanych osobom panującym i trzech o tematyce chrześcijańskiej. Utwory te wskazują, że Teodulf był poetą dworskim, a jednocześnie politykiem i propagatorem odrodzenia karolińskiego, był teologiem walczącym o prawdę dogmatyczną (Filioque), ale również liturgistą oraz mistykiem i poetą natury.  Przekładowi towarzyszą niezbędne, krótkie objaśnienia.

Gianmarco Spinaci, Lukas Klic, Giovanni Colavizza

This study evaluates the capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) in the task of single-label classification of Christian Iconography. The goal was to assess whether general-purpose VLMs (CLIP and SigLIP) and LLMs, such as GPT-4o and Gemini 2.5, can interpret the Iconography, typically addressed by supervised classifiers, and evaluate their performance. Two research questions guided the analysis: (RQ1) How do multimodal LLMs perform on image classification of Christian saints? And (RQ2), how does performance vary when enriching input with contextual information or few-shot exemplars? We conducted a benchmarking study using three datasets supporting Iconclass natively: ArtDL, ICONCLASS, and Wikidata, filtered to include the top 10 most frequent classes. Models were tested under three conditions: (1) classification using class labels, (2) classification with Iconclass descriptions, and (3) few-shot learning with five exemplars. Results were compared against ResNet50 baselines fine-tuned on the same datasets. The findings show that Gemini-2.5 Pro and GPT-4o outperformed the ResNet50 baselines. Accuracy dropped significantly on the Wikidata dataset, where Siglip reached the highest accuracy score, suggesting model sensitivity to image size and metadata alignment. Enriching prompts with class descriptions generally improved zero-shot performance, while few-shot learning produced lower results, with only occasional and minimal increments in accuracy. We conclude that general-purpose multimodal LLMs are capable of classification in visually complex cultural heritage domains. These results support the application of LLMs as metadata curation tools in digital humanities workflows, suggesting future research on prompt optimization and the expansion of the study to other classification strategies and models.

Clara María Ramos Taboada

The aim of this study is to explore the profile of a promoted individual from the capital of Baetica, the Colonia Patricia Corduba, within the context of a prosopography from below approach. Firstly, an examination of the individual's onomastic profile will be undertaken in greater detail. From a purely superficial perspective and solely based on his nomen, this individual has traditionally been considered as a freedman. Although I endorse this hypothesis, it is necessary to provide an explanation given that conventional views regarding one mere onomastic marker are insufficient. An exhaustive study will be conducted of his onomastic structure and its variation in the two inscriptions he dedicated in Corduba, in order to consistently support this servile origin. Subsequently, this study will address certain questions raised by his onomastics that lead to the possible identification of his social circle. In conclusion, I will conduct a review of his quest for social visibility within the context of freedman euergetism in Hispania.

Steven Muir

This preface engages with the concept of echo as a creative way of generating ideas on how to assess issues in the reception history of a scripture text -- here, Galatians 6:17.

Christian Quaia, Richard J Krauzlis

If neuroscientists were asked which brain area is responsible for object recognition in primates, most would probably answer infero-temporal (IT) cortex. While IT is likely responsible for fine discriminations, and it is accordingly dominated by foveal visual inputs, there is more to object recognition than fine discrimination. Importantly, foveation of an object of interest usually requires recognizing, with reasonable confidence, its presence in the periphery. Arguably, IT plays a secondary role in such peripheral recognition, and other visual areas might instead be more critical. To investigate how signals carried by early visual processing areas (such as LGN and V1) could be used for object recognition in the periphery, we focused here on the task of distinguishing faces from non-faces. We tested how sensitive various models were to nuisance parameters, such as changes in scale and orientation of the image, and the type of image background. We found that a model of V1 simple or complex cells could provide quite reliable information, resulting in performance better than 80% in realistic scenarios. An LGN model performed considerably worse. Because peripheral recognition is both crucial to enable fine recognition (by bringing an object of interest on the fovea), and probably sufficient to account for a considerable fraction of our daily recognition-guided behavior, we think that the current focus on area IT and foveal processing is too narrow. We propose that rather than a hierarchical system with IT-like properties as its primary aim, object recognition should be seen as a parallel process, with high-accuracy foveal modules operating in parallel with lower-accuracy and faster modules that can operate across the visual field.

Metod Jazbec, Alexander Timans, Tin Hadži Veljković et al.

Scaling machine learning models significantly improves their performance. However, such gains come at the cost of inference being slow and resource-intensive. Early-exit neural networks (EENNs) offer a promising solution: they accelerate inference by allowing intermediate layers to exit and produce a prediction early. Yet a fundamental issue with EENNs is how to determine when to exit without severely degrading performance. In other words, when is it 'safe' for an EENN to go 'fast'? To address this issue, we investigate how to adapt frameworks of risk control to EENNs. Risk control offers a distribution-free, post-hoc solution that tunes the EENN's exiting mechanism so that exits only occur when the output is of sufficient quality. We empirically validate our insights on a range of vision and language tasks, demonstrating that risk control can produce substantial computational savings, all the while preserving user-specified performance goals.

Adam Pawlak

Corocznie na łamach Vox Patrum jest publikowana bibliografia antyku chrześcijańskiego, która prezentuje dorobek polskich autorów z ubiegłego roku. Bibliografia jest uporządkowana według 13 kategorii tematycznych i według imion autorów antycznych, których dotyczą publikacje.

Cameron Cianci

The quantum-Extended Church-Turing thesis has been explored in many physical theories including general relativity but lacks exploration in quantum field theories such as quantum electrodynamics. Through construction of a computational model whose gate set mimics the interactions of QED, we demonstrate that one of the defining features of quantum field theory, particle creation and annihilation, is not likely to violate the quantum-Extended Church-Turing thesis. Through this computational model, it is shown that particle creation is likely only another form of quantum parallelism. However, whether or not the quantum-Extended Church-Turing thesis will hold for all computational devices in quantum field theories is still not known. For example, we briefly examine certain interactions in quantum electrodynamics which may create multi-qubit gates. These gates may have exponential complexity at the cost of being exponentially weak. This may in turn allow for computational advantage over traditional gate sets such as Clifford+T.

Paolo Bernuzzi, Christian Kühn

Bistability is a key property of many systems arising in the nonlinear sciences. For example, it appears in many partial differential equations (PDEs). For scalar bistable reaction-diffusions PDEs, the bistable case even has take on different names within communities such as Allee, Allen-Cahn, Chafee-Infante, Nagumo, Ginzburg-Landau, $Φ_4$, Schlögl, Stommel, just to name a few structurally similar bistable model names. One key mechanism, how bistability arises under parameter variation is a pitchfork bifurcation. In particular, taking the pitchfork bifurcation normal form for reaction-diffusion PDEs is yet another variant within the family of PDEs mentioned above. More generally, the study of this PDE class considering steady states and stability, related to bifurcations due to a parameter is well-understood for the deterministic case. For the stochastic PDE (SPDE) case, the situation is less well-understood and has been studied recently. In this paper we generalize and unify several recent results for SPDE bifurcations. Our generalisation is motivated directly by applications as we introduce in the equation a spatially heterogeneous term and relax the assumptions on the covariance operator that defines the noise. For this spatially heterogeneous SPDE, we prove a finite-time Lyapunov exponent bifurcation result. Furthermore, we extend the theory of early warning signs in our context and we explain, the role of universal exponents between covariance operator warning signs and the lack of finite-time Lyapunov uniformity. Our results are accompanied and cross-validated by numerical simulations.

Antonio Ruiz-Martínez, Linda Castañeda, Jesualdo T. Fernández Breis

Surveys in mobile learning developed so far have analysed in a global way the effects on the usage of mobile devices by means of general apps or apps already developed. However, more and more teachers are developing their own apps to address issues not covered by existing m-learning apps. In this article, by means of a systematic literature review that covers 62 publications placed in the hype of teacher-created m-learning apps (between 2012 and 2017, the early adopters) and the usage of 71 apps, we have analysed the use of specific m-learning apps. Our results show that apps have been used both out of the classroom to develop autonomous learning or field trips, and in the classroom, mainly, for collaborative activities. The experiences analysed only develop low level outcomes and the results obtained are positive improving learning, learning performance, and attitude. As a conclusion of this study is that the results obtained with specific developed apps are quite similar to previous general surveys and that the development of long-term experiences are required to determine the real effect of instructional designs based on mobile devices. These designs should also be oriented to evaluate high level skills and take advantage of mobile features of mobile devices to develop learning activities that be made anytime at anyplace and taking into account context and realistic situations. Furthermore, it is considered relevant the study of the role of educational mobile development frameworks in facilitating teachers the development of m-learning apps.

Elena Soto-Calvo, Fiona R. Simmons, Anne-Marie Adams et al.

This study examines the longitudinal relationships between home learning experiences and early number skills. The counting, number transcoding and calculation skills of 274 children were assessed in the penultimate term of preschool (Mage=4:0). Prior to these assessments, parents completed questionnaires that surveyed the frequency of the children's home learning experiences. Three types of experiences were indexed: code-focused home literacy experiences that focus on the phonological and orthographic features of language, meaning-focused home literacy experiences that focus on sharing the meaning of language and text, and home number experiences. The children's language abilities (phonological awareness and vocabulary) and nonverbal abilities (inhibitory control and nonverbal reasoning) were assessed in the final term of preschool (Mage=4:3). Their number skills were reassessed in the final term of the first year of primary school (Mage=5:3). Home letter-sound interaction experiences (interactive code-focused literacy experiences) had significant longitudinal relationships with counting and number transcoding that were independent of language and nonverbal abilities. The relationship between letter-sound interaction experiences and later counting was also independent of the autoregressive influence of baseline counting ability. We extend previous findings by demonstrating that interactive code-focused home literacy experiences in the preschool period predict growth in counting skills even when a broad range of language and cognitive abilities are controlled.

José Antonio Molina Gómez, Héctor Uroz Rodríguez, José Ángel Munera Martínez

En el presente artículo los autores estudian las tradiciones hagiográficas sobre los mártires del siglo III Vicente y Leto, quienes murieron en Libisosa (Lezuza, Albacete). El estudio se centra en la relación entre tradiciones martirológicas, la evidencia arqueológica y las tradiciones locales. Escritores modernos como Higuera y Requena podrían haber usado fuentes antiguas para (re)escribir la historia de Vicente y Leto. De acuerdo con la tradición local ambos fueron ejecutados en un lugar llamado hoy en día Vallejo de los Santos, en las inmediaciones de Lezuza, donde habría sido levantado un templo para rendirles culto.

Tomasz Skibiński

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja dynamiki rozwoju obrazu plemienia Gepidów w źródłach antycznych i wczesnośredniowiecznych. W analizie zostały wykorzystane źródła rzymskie i bizantyjskie z okresu III-VII w. Temat został zrealizowany w punktach omawiających trzy zasadnicze elementy ich postrzegania i prezentacji: cechy związane z prowadzonymi walkami (waleczność, okrucieństwo oraz posługiwanie się mieczem, jako szczególna taktyka walki); pokrewieństwo Gepidów z Gotami; ociężałość ich charakteru, powolność ruchów i pieszy styl walki (w odróżnieniu od walki konnej innych ludów). Artykuł przedstawia zarówno wymienione zasadnicze elementy obrazu plemienia, jaki i przemiany jego postrzegania oraz rozwój obrazu, który stopniowo wzbogacał się o nowe elementy czerpane z różnych tradycji.

Freddy Cachazo, Nick Early

In this paper we prove that points in the space $X(k,n)$ of configurations of $n$ points in $\mathbb{CP}^{k-1}$ which are fixed under a certain cyclic action are the solutions to the generalized scattering equations on planar kinematics (PK). In the first part, we give a constructive upper bound: we show that these solutions inject into certain aperiodic k-element subsets of $\{1,\ldots, n\}$, and consequently that their number is bounded above by the number of Lyndon words with k one's and n-k zeros. The proof uses a somewhat surprising connection between the superpotential of the mirror of $G(n-k,n)$ and the generalized CHY potential on $X(k,n)$. We also check the recent conjecture that generalized biadjoint amplitudes evaluate to $k$-dimensional Catalan numbers on PK for several examples including $k=3$ and $n\leq 40$ and $(k,n)=(6,13)$. We then reformulate the CEGM generalized biadjoint scalar amplitude directly as a Laplace transform-type integral over ${\rm Trop}^+ G(k,n)$ and we use it to evaluate the amplitude on PK with the purpose of exhibiting how GFD's glue together. We initiate the study of two minimal lattice polytopal neighborhoods of the planar kinematics point. One of these, the rank-graded root polytope $\mathcal{R}_{k,n}$, in the case $k=2$, is a projection of the standard type A root polytope. The other, denoted $Π_{k,n}$, in the case $k=2$, is a degeneration of the associahedron. We check up to and including $\mathcal{R}_{3,9}$ and $\mathcal{R}_{4,9}$ that the relative volume of $\mathcal{R}_{k,n}$ is the multi-dimensional Catalan number $C^{(k)}_{n-k}$, hinting towards the possibility of deeper geometric and combinatorial interpretations of $m^{(k)}(\mathbb{I}_n,\mathbb{I}_n)$ near the PK point.

Jeffrey J. Early, M. Pascale Lelong, K. Shafer Smith

The vertical modes of linearized equations of motion are widely used by the oceanographic community in numerous theoretical and observational contexts. However, the standard approach for solving the generalized eigenvalue problem using second-order finite difference matrices produces $O(1)$ errors for all but the few lowest modes, and increasing resolution quickly becomes too slow as the computational complexity of eigenvalue algorithms increase as $O(n^3)$. Existing methods are therefore inadequate for computing a full spectrum of internal waves, such as needed for initializing a numerical model with a full internal wave spectrum. Here we show that rewriting the eigenvalue problem in stretched coordinates and projecting onto Chebyshev polynomials results in substantially more accurate modes than finite-differencing at a fraction of the computational cost. We also compute the surface quasigeostrophic modes using the same methods. All spectral and finite difference algorithms are made available in a suite of Matlab classes that have been validated against known analytical solutions in constant and exponential stratification.

Maria Emilia Maietti, Samuele Maschio, Michael Rathjen

We present a Kleene realizability semantics for the intensional level of the Minimalist Foundation, for short mtt, extended with inductively generated formal topologies, Church's thesis and axiom of choice. This semantics is an extension of the one used to show consistency of the intensional level of the Minimalist Foundation with the axiom of choice and formal Church's thesis in previous work. A main novelty here is that such a semantics is formalized in a constructive theory represented by Aczel's constructive set theory CZF extended with the regular extension axiom.

Bogdan Czyżewski

The monasteries which were raised in the Church in first centuries demanded rules stating life of their members. The initatior and founder of these monasteries was saint Pashomius. It’s noteworthy to remind anonymous work which were made in nine century called The Regula Magistri. This extensive ancient opus containing collection of monastic rules written by author of unknown name, was created in about fifth century south of Rome. Nowadays, we assume that The Regula Magistri became a model for the rule of Saint Benedict. The Rule of the Master was written for the monastery where the leading role was up to Abbot. He was the one who was preaching, teaching and he, indeed, was a master for his dis­ciples. Several chapter of this monumetal work is dedicated to the rules and proce­dures of choosing the abbot. It also contains list of the most important tasks which belonged to his office – these are the subject of this study. What’s interesting is that, the new abbot was being elected by his predecessor when he sensed that he is going to die shortly or serious ill makes him incapable of continuing his tasks. Abbot was looking after his brothers and encouraged them to acquire virtues. This kind of challenge could seem useful, because it was the motivating factor to, fulfill God’s will with dignity and humble, and also to life by the abbey’s rules. On the other hand, it could also had been dramatic, because the ascetic way of life sometimes was understood only in human succes category. The candidate was introduced on his duty by local bishop in special liturgical rite. There were also rules dedicated to possibly removal of the abbot, who – when his predecessor still lived – seemed to be unhumble and improper man for this office. The Rule also contains special instruction for the situation, when abbot dies in sudden death and had not decided who would have been his successor. The author of the Master’s Rule also draws attention to the manner of teaching conducted by the Abbot. The most important was the testimony of life, fidelity to the binding rules, exercising in virtues and avoiding sins. The Rule of the Master teach the Abbot, that he should be humble, treat the brothers equally, be responsible for the others and for himself, and ask as all brother for the opiniong in issues relating to the monastery.

Józef Figiel

nie dotyczy

Christian L. Sahlholdt, Sofia Feltzing, Lennart Lindegren et al.

In the era of large-scale surveys of stars in the Milky Way, stellar ages are crucial for studying the evolution of the Galaxy. But determining ages of field stars is notoriously difficult; therefore, we attempt to determine benchmark ages for the extensively studied Gaia benchmark stars which can be used for validation purposes. By searching the literature for age estimates from different methods and deriving new ages based on Bayesian isochrone fitting, we are able to put reliable limits on the ages of 16 out of the 33 benchmark stars. The giants with well-defined ages are all young, and an expansion of the sample to include older giants with asteroseismic ages would be beneficial. Some of the stars have surface parameters inconsistent with isochrones younger than 16 Gyr. Including $α$-enhancement in the models when relevant resolves some of these cases, but others clearly highlight discrepancies between the models and observations. We test the impact of atomic diffusion on the age estimates by fitting to the actual surface metallicity of the models instead of the initial value and find that the effect is negligible except for a single turn-off star. Finally, we show that our ability to determine isochrone-based ages for large spectroscopic surveys largely mirrors our ability to determine ages for these benchmark stars, except for stars with $\log g \gtrsim 4.4$ dex since their location in the HR diagram is almost age insensitive. Hence, isochrone fitting does not constrain their ages given the typical uncertainties of spectroscopic stellar parameters.

Shiladitya DasSarma, Edward W. Schwieterman

We propose that retinal-based phototrophy arose early in the evolution of life on Earth, profoundly impacting the development of photosynthesis and creating implications for the search for life beyond our planet. While the early evolutionary history of phototrophy is largely in the realm of the unknown, the onset of oxygenic photosynthesis in primitive cyanobacteria significantly altered the Earth's atmosphere by contributing to the rise of oxygen ~2.3 billion years ago. However, photosynthetic chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll pigments lack appreciable absorption at wavelengths about 500-600 nm, an energy-rich region of the solar spectrum. By contrast, simpler retinal-based light-harvesting systems such as the haloarchaeal purple membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin show a strong well-defined peak of absorbance centered at 568 nm, which is complementary to that of chlorophyll pigments. We propose a scenario where simple retinal-based light-harvesting systems like that of the purple chromoprotein bacteriorhodopsin, originally discovered in halophilic Archaea, may have dominated prior to the development of photosynthesis. We explore this hypothesis, termed the 'Purple Earth,' and discuss how retinal photopigments may serve as remote biosignatures for exoplanet research.