Hasil untuk "Drawing. Design. Illustration"

Juan David Salazar Rodriguez, Sam Conrad Joyce, Nachamma Sockalingam et al.

This study investigates the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the feedback mechanisms of the architectural design studio, shifting the focus from generative production to reflective pedagogy. Employing a mixed-methods approach with surveys and semi structured interviews with 22 architecture students at the Singapore University of Technology and De-sign, the research analyzes student perceptions across three distinct feed-back domains: self-reflection, peer critique, and professor-led reviews. The findings reveal that students engage with LLMs not as authoritative in-structors, but as collaborative "cognitive mirrors" that scaffold critical thinking. In self-directed learning, LLMs help structure thoughts and over-come the "blank page" problem, though they are limited by a lack of contex-tual nuance. In peer critiques, the technology serves as a neutral mediator, mitigating social anxiety and the "fear of offending". Furthermore, in high-stakes professor-led juries, students utilize LLMs primarily as post-critique synthesis engines to manage cognitive overload and translate ab-stract academic discourse into actionable design iterations.

Ebuka Emmanuel Ajaegbu, Simon-Jude Mmayie

Agency theory provides a critical framework for analysing the contractual relationship between principals, such as shareholders, and agents, including managers and executives. While agents are entrusted to act in the best interests of principals, conflicts frequently arise due to divergent objectives, information asymmetry, and differing risk appetites. These agency conflicts generate monitoring costs, reduce accountability, and threaten organisational performance. This paper adopts a conceptual research design, drawing on secondary sources including academic literature, regulatory frameworks, professional standards, and case studies from global and Nigerian contexts. Through a thematic analysis, it explores the evolution of agency theory, examines mechanisms traditionally used to mitigate principal–agent conflicts, and emphasises the unique role of internal audit as a governance safeguard. The findings highlight that internal audit reduces information asymmetry, lowers monitoring costs, and enhances transparency and accountability, thereby aligning managerial actions with shareholder interests. Case illustrations, such as Enron, WorldCom, and Cadbury Nigeria, demonstrate how weak internal audit functions exacerbate agency problems. The paper contributes by integrating internal audit directly into the agency theory framework and concludes with recommendations for strengthening audit independence, embedding risk management practices, and adapting audit functions to emerging governance challenges.

Chenyue Wang, A. Kroon, Judith Möller et al.

Johan Messchendorp, Mohammad Al-Turany, Volker Friese et al.

This Conceptual Design Report (CDR) presents the plans of the computing infrastructure for research at FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany. It presents the computing requirements of the various research groups, the policies for the computing and storage infrastructure, the foreseen FAIR computing model including the open data, software and services policies and architecture for the periods starting in 2028 with the "first science (plus)" phase to the modularized start version of FAIR. The overall ambition is to create a federated and centrally-orchestrated infrastructure serving the large diversity of the research lines present with sufficient scalability and flexibility to cope with future data challenges that will be present at FAIR.

Jiayu Li, Masood Mortazavi, Ning Yan et al.

The goal of inverse design in distributed circuits is to generate near-optimal designs that meet a desirable transfer function specification. Existing design exploration methods use some combination of strategies involving artificial grids, differentiable evaluation procedures, and specific template topologies. However, real-world design practices often require non-differentiable evaluation procedures, varying topologies, and near-continuous placement spaces. In this paper, we propose DCIDA, a design exploration framework that learns a near-optimal design sampling policy for a target transfer function. DCIDA decides all design factors in a compound single-step action by sampling from a set of jointly-trained conditional distributions generated by the policy. Utilizing an injective interdependent ``map", DCIDA transforms raw sampled design ``actions" into uniquely equivalent physical representations, enabling the framework to learn the conditional dependencies among joint ``raw'' design decisions. Our experiments demonstrate DCIDA's Transformer-based policy network achieves significant reductions in design error compared to state-of-the-art approaches, with significantly better fit in cases involving more complex transfer functions.

Anastasia Schauer, Habeeb Afolabi, Katherine Fu

In this study, professional engineers and designers (n = 30) participated in a 1-hour-long design activity in which they brainstormed a list of ideas for two design problems (a smart grill and a smart laundry machine), created a sketched concept for each design problem, filled out a survey about their perceptions of the market for the concept they developed, participated in a bias mitigation intervention and then repeated the pre-intervention steps. The design problems were intended to trigger availability bias based on the participants’ occupations (engineers and designers at a kitchen appliance company) as well as conflict between the gender of the participants and the gender-stereotyping of the household tasks fulfilled by the smart machines. Based on correlations in the market survey, the participants, who were mostly men, displayed availability bias toward the smart laundry machine design problem. A key marker of availability bias – an association between participants’ personal enjoyment of the product and the belief that the product would be commercially successful – was eliminated after the bias mitigation intervention. Qualitative analysis of participants’ reflections indicated that the intervention primarily assisted designers in making additional considerations for users, such as increasing accessibility and building awareness of excluded user groups.

Roszi Naszariah Nasni Naseri, Geetha Muthusamy, W. K. Yahya et al.

Virtual art has emerged as a transformative force in the evolving landscape of digital retail, particularly within e-commerce platforms such as Shopee Malaysia. This review critically examines the role of virtual art encompassing digital illustrations, augmented visuals, motion graphics, and immersive design elements in promoting products by local entrepreneurs. It highlights how these creative tools enhance brand storytelling, strengthen consumer trust, and foster emotional engagement, especially for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) operating with limited marketing resources. Drawing upon interdisciplinary literature, the paper explores the ways in which Malaysian sellers utilize virtual aesthetics to embed cultural identity and product value in highly competitive digital marketplaces. In addition, it addresses the challenges faced by entrepreneurs, including limited design literacy, financial constraints, and low awareness of the strategic potential of visual content. The review concludes by identifying future opportunities for capacity building, platform support, and collaborative innovation to democratize the use of virtual art in local entrepreneurship.

S. Lee, Maho Kohga, Steve Landau et al.

People with visual impairments often struggle to create content that relies heavily on visual elements, particularly when conveying spatial and structural information. Existing accessible drawing tools, which construct images line by line, are suitable for simple tasks like math but not for more expressive artwork. On the other hand, emerging generative AI-based text-to-image tools can produce expressive illustrations from descriptions in natural language, but they lack precise control over image composition and properties. To address this gap, our work integrates generative AI with a constructive approach that provides users with enhanced control and editing capabilities. Our system, AltCanvas, features a tile-based interface enabling users to construct visual scenes incrementally, with each tile representing an object within the scene. Users can add, edit, move, and arrange objects while receiving speech and audio feedback. Once completed, the scene can be rendered as a color illustration or as a vector for tactile graphic generation. Involving 14 blind or low-vision users in design and evaluation, we found that participants effectively used the AltCanvas’s workflow to create illustrations.

Marcia Eugenio-Gozalbo, Inés Ortega-Cubero, Rafael Suárez-López

Teachers play an indispensable role in promoting citizens' plant awareness. To this end, they need adequate plant knowledge –including classification–, experience in out‐of‐classroom settings, and enthusiasm for plants. With the aim of improving pre‐service teachers' plant awareness, we designed and implemented a didactic sequence including several drawing exercises, prominently botanical illustration, which ran in parallel with a gardening program that provided an outdoor learning experience. Assessment was performed through mind maps and revealed improvements related to knowledge of plants, including morphological knowledge and appreciation of plants' beauty, which may positively influence their teaching practice in the future.

S. Lee, Maho Kohga, Steve Landau et al.

People with visual impairments often struggle to create content that relies heavily on visual elements, particularly when conveying spatial and structural information. Existing accessible drawing tools, which construct images line by line, are suitable for simple tasks like math but not for more expressive artwork. On the other hand, emerging generative AI-based text-to-image tools can produce expressive illustrations from descriptions in natural language, but they lack precise control over image composition and properties. To address this gap, our work integrates generative AI with a constructive approach that provides users with enhanced control and editing capabilities. Our system, AltCanvas, features a tile-based interface enabling users to construct visual scenes incrementally, with each tile representing an object within the scene. Users can add, edit, move, and arrange objects while receiving speech and audio feedback. Once completed, the scene can be rendered as a color illustration or as a vector for tactile graphic generation. Involving 14 blind or low-vision users in design and evaluation, we found that participants effectively used the AltCanvas workflow to create illustrations.

Ruisi Zhang, Rachel Selina Rajarathnam, David Z. Pan et al.

Physical design watermarking on contemporary integrated circuit (IC) layout encodes signatures without considering the dense connections and design constraints, which could lead to performance degradation on the watermarked products. This paper presents ICMarks, a quality-preserving and robust watermarking framework for modern IC physical design. ICMarks embeds unique watermark signatures during the physical design's placement stage, thereby authenticating the IC layout ownership. ICMarks's novelty lies in (i) strategically identifying a region of cells to watermark with minimal impact on the layout performance and (ii) a two-level watermarking framework for augmented robustness toward potential removal and forging attacks. Extensive evaluations on benchmarks of different design objectives and sizes validate that ICMarks incurs no wirelength and timing metrics degradation, while successfully proving ownership. Furthermore, we demonstrate ICMarks is robust against two major watermarking attack categories, namely, watermark removal and forging attacks; even if the adversaries have prior knowledge of the watermarking schemes, the signatures cannot be removed without significantly undermining the layout quality.

Dimple Vijay Kochar, Hanrui Wang, Anantha Chandrakasan et al.

Traditional approaches for designing analog circuits are time-consuming and require significant human expertise. Existing automation efforts using methods like Bayesian Optimization (BO) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are sub-optimal and costly to generalize across different topologies and technology nodes. In our work, we introduce a novel approach, LEDRO, utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) in conjunction with optimization techniques to iteratively refine the design space for analog circuit sizing. LEDRO is highly generalizable compared to other RL and BO baselines, eliminating the need for design annotation or model training for different topologies or technology nodes. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of our proposed framework and baseline on 22 different Op-Amp topologies across four FinFET technology nodes. Results demonstrate the superior performance of LEDRO as it outperforms our best baseline by an average of 13% FoM improvement with 2.15x speed-up on low complexity Op-Amps and 48% FoM improvement with 1.7x speed-up on high complexity Op-Amps. This highlights LEDRO's effective performance, efficiency, and generalizability.

Luca Collini, Siddharth Garg, Ramesh Karri

High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools offer rapid hardware design from C code, but their compatibility is limited by code constructs. This paper investigates Large Language Models (LLMs) for refactoring C code into HLS-compatible formats. We present several case studies by using an LLM to rewrite C code for NIST 800-22 randomness tests, a QuickSort algorithm and AES-128 into HLS-synthesizable c. The LLM iteratively transforms the C code guided by user prompts, implementing functions like streaming data and hardware-specific signals. This evaluation demonstrates the LLM's potential to assist hardware design refactoring regular C code into HLS synthesizable C code.

Angela Niebles-Gutiérrez

El presente artículo explora algunos resultados de la interconexión agua- mujeres-afectividad, que valorizan y revitalizan saberes de mujeres indígenas y se extrapolan a un tejido pedagógico ecoafectivo en educación. La metodología se construye desde las sabidurías insurgentes propias de la investigación indígena y se desarrolla considerando un posicionamiento cualitativo con enfoque feminista2. Se apunta entonces a un conocimiento idiográfico, más que a uno global generalizante. Las participantes fueron 18 mujeres indígenas de los pueblos ẽbẽra eyapida de Chigorodó, Colombia y mapuche de la región de Los Ríos, Chile. Los resultados permiten ver que la voz que mana de las aguas trae otras formas de relacionamiento, que pueden acercarse a la educación para despertar otras estéticas, éticas, convivencias. Asimismo, se revela cómo el pluralismo epistémico en la formación pedagógica inicial podría facilitar estrategias para potenciar la mirada integrativa de los docentes noveles. 

Ван Жуньчжі, Ольга Ганоцька

Стаття присвячена вивченню перспектив розвитку дизайну артпакування та визначенню характерних особливостей зазначеного напрямку. Метою дослідження є аналіз сучасних тенденцій та перспектив розвитку дизайну артупаковки, визначення її ролі у формуванні споживчого попиту та оцінка впливу естетичних і функціональних аспектів на вибір споживача. Методи дослідження передбачають комплексний підхід, зокрема вивчення літературних джерел за темою і дослідження успішних прикладів артупаковки, виконаних студентами магістерської програми «Дизайн візуальних комунікацій» ХДАДМ. Спостереження і тестування прототипів сфокусовані на цілеспрямоване вивчення продукту в середовищі та при взаємодії з користувачем. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у всебічному аналізі сучасних тенденцій у дизайні артупаковки та виявленні нових підходів до її створення, які враховують дослідження ролі мультисенсорних елементів у формуванні позитивного споживчого досвіду; вивчення інноваційних екологічних матеріалів і технологій, що застосовуються у створенні артупаковки; аналіз впливу соціокультурних факторів на дизайн артупаковки та сприйняття її споживачами; вивчення нових технологій, що дозволяють зробити артупаковку інтерактивною для взаємодії зі споживачами. Висновки. У результаті дослідження було встановлено, що артупаковка відіграє важливу роль у формуванні бренду та підвищенні лояльності споживачів. Доходимо висновку, що гармонійне поєднання естетики та функціональності є ключовим фактором успіху артупаковки; використання інноваційних матеріалів і технологій сприяє створенню унікальних та екологічно чистих продуктів; залучення кількох сенсорних відчуттів підвищує емоційний зв'язок споживача з продуктом; дизайн, що враховує культурні особливості та цінності, краще сприймається споживачами та підсилює ідентифікацію з брендом; інтерактивні елементи підвищують зацікавленість та залученість споживачів, створюючи додаткову цінність продукту. Дослідження виявило перспективи для подальшого розвитку дизайну артупаковки, що базується на інноваційних та креативних підходах, які можуть значно підвищити конкурентоспроможність продукції на ринку.

Carla Sedini, Silvia Peluzzi, Francesco Zurlo et al.

This study explores the local implications of increasing renewable energy production, with a focus on wind energy. Drawing on landscape knowledge and cultural significance, it employs the Territorial Capital concept to inform strategic design processes, considering factors such as local context and ongoing transformation dynamics. Landscape justice and energy democracy are highlighted as crucial concepts, alongside systemic perspectives, to address the research question: How can wind farm projects be innovated to enhance local acceptance? Through case study research involving fifty projects, various strategies are proposed to align wind farm installations with their surroundings’ cultural and sensory fabric, promoting community acceptance and sustainable energy practices.

İpek Yıldırım Coruk

Temel tasarım ilkeleri, ilk yıl stüdyolarında temel tasarım eğitimi kapsamında öğretilen konular arasındadır. Temel tasarım eğitimi ve içeriği, yapısı gereği öğrencinin daha önce almış olduğu eğitim sisteminden farklı boyutlar barındırmaktadır. Öğrenci için yeni bir dil, yeni bir literatür içermesi, çoğunlukla soyut eğitsel içeriklere sahip olması sebebiyle de zor kavranmaktadır. Öte yandan öğrenciler bu derste edindikleri bilgilerden ilerleyen yıllarda ve meslek hayatlarında ne şekilde faydalanabileceklerini sorgulamaktadır. Bu durumdan hareketle çalışmada amaç; modern mimari yapılar üzerinden temel tasarım ilkelerini analiz etmektir. Nitel araştırma metoduyla oluşturulan çalışmada veriler, belirlenen örneklerde bahsedilen ilkelerinin analiziyle elde edilmiştir. Bu örnekler temel tasarım ilkelerinin ortaya çıktığı Bauhaus Okulu’nun modern mimarlığın yayılmasındaki rolü de düşünülerek Bauhaus ve sonrası modern yapılar arasından seçilerek çalışmanın kapsamı oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, belirlenen örnekler üzerinden temel tasarım ilkelerinin somut kullanımları ve karşılıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece öğrencilerin temel tasarım ilkelerinden eğitimlerinin devam eden yıllarında ve meslek hayatlarında nerede ve nasıl faydalanacaklarına yönelik somut uygulamaları görmeleri sağlanmaktadır.  Ayrıca çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bu verilerden temel tasarım eğitimi ders içeriklerinde de faydalanılabilecek olması sebebiyle çalışmanın katkı sağlayıcı olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Rita Molinos

El sentido olvidado. Ensayos sobre el tacto. Maurette, P. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Mardulce, 2015, 270 páginas.

Yu Kun Zhang, I. Shin

The consumption of Chinese art stationery is shifting from product consumption to brand consumption. However, the brand publicity of Chinese watercolor paints is weak, so it is necessary to effectively communicate between brands and consumers through the development and design of packaging design. The purpose of the research is to strengthen the Chinese brand of watercolor paints through efficient packaging design, and improve the core competitiveness of Chinese brand watercolor paints in the premium consumer market. This study compares and analyzes the visual elements of packaging design in Chinese and international brands through literature research and empirical analysis, and provides effective recommendations. First of all, Chinese watercolor paint enterprises should utilize concise and clear letter logos to enhance the international visibility of the brand, while employing vibrant and dignified color schemes to capture consumer attention and emphasize the brand, thereby improving the efficiency of packaging design. Second, it is recommended to use product images as illustrations, which reduces consumers' choice anxiety when purchasing goods. Third, adopting a mid-range layout format with ample text information and strong readability can increase the likelihood of consumers quickly selecting their preferred products. The findings of this study can serve as foundational data for researching visual elements in watercolor paint packaging design targeting Chinese consumers. It is of great significance to promote the brand value of Chinese watercolor paints by drawing inspiration from the characteristics of overseas high-end watercolor paint packaging design.

Abdul Samad Aalkhalidi, M. Izani, A. Razak

Traditional presentation methods like sketching, 2D illustration, 3D images, animation and drawings in interior design program have been widely used for many decades. This study focuses on the potential application of emerging technology in the interior design program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We are interested in the potential of technology such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) to provide an innovative solution in interior design program. This research covers a study on the impact, reasons, applications, challenges and recommended solutions to deploy in interior design program. A short survey of interior design students in the UAE was used to gather student feedback on this technology. According to the feedback, this technology has a promising future, but most program did not incorporate it into their curriculum. Thus, it left students with no choice other than using the same methods for presenting their work. Challenges and solutions are included in this study. Finally, the paper predicts future potential of this emerging technology in interior design program.