Hasil untuk "Discourse analysis"

Despoina Antonakaki, Sotiris Ioannidis

We analyze Iran-related discourse across two structurally different platforms: Telegram (7,567 messages from international news channels) and Reddit (23,909 posts and comments from Iran-focused and global communities). Using a single reproducible pipeline, we apply NMF topic modeling over TF--IDF features, VADER sentiment scoring, and a keyword-bundle escalation index capturing military, nuclear, and diplomatic narratives. To assess whether discourse dynamics track offline developments, we compare escalation time series with external protest and geopolitical event timelines using same-day and lagged correlation analysis. Same-day correlations are weak, but the strongest relationships occur at non-zero lags, consistent with anticipatory or reactive framing rather than instantaneous mirroring. Finally, using a separate real-time collection (February 2026), we observe synchronized increases in escalation-related narratives that coincide with documented geopolitical developments. Overall, the results show systematic cross-platform differences in narrative structure and tone, and provide quantitative evidence that online escalation signals can align with real-world developments with measurable temporal offsets.

Ankolika De, Gabriel Lima, Yixin Zou

This work examines how leading generative artificial intelligence companies construct and communicate the concept of "safety" through public-facing documents. Drawing on critical discourse analysis, we analyze a corpus of corporate safety-related statements to explicate how authority, responsibility, and legitimacy are discursively established. These discursive strategies consolidate legitimacy for corporate actors, normalize safety as an experimental and anticipatory practice, and push a perceived participatory agenda toward safe technologies. We argue that uncritical uptake of these discourses risks reproducing corporate priorities and constraining alternative approaches to governance and design. The contribution of this work is twofold: first, to situate safety as a sociotechnical discourse that warrants critical examination; second, to caution human-computer interaction scholars against legitimizing corporate framings, instead foregrounding accountability, equity, and justice. By interrogating safety discourses as artifacts of power, this paper advances a critical agenda for human-computer interaction scholarship on artificial intelligence.

Nikolić Zoran R., Spasojević Čedo

The thought of Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) in the history of political ideas is regarded as the beginning of modern political theory, which abandons the classical Socratic view of politics condensed in the virtue of citizens as the foundation of the polis (the state), as well as the medieval Christian worldview of Thomas Aquinas, where the state and politics are subordinated to religion and Christian morality. Politics becomes distinguished as public as opposed to private, and into political theory Machiavelli introduces the concepts of power, force, strength, and violence as legitimate political notions-a kind of Copernican turn away from the classical political theory of antiquity, where "trust in mute force, which the ancient Greeks considered a non-political instrument…" (Tadić, 1996: 56), now becomes axiomatic. In political reality, new rules apply-the virtuous citizen is replaced by homo politicus. Machiavelli, in the reality of politics, analyzes concrete political phenomena from the perspective of realism and the application of the empirical method. Among other things, Machiavelli says that "many have imagined republics and principalities that never actually existed" (Machiavelli, 2012: 65). Machiavelli's concept of the state and power is founded on the experience of the Florentine friar Savonarola and the famous dictum that unarmed prophets have failed: "It is necessary to know that there are two ways of fighting: by law and by force" (Machiavelli, 2012: 73). In The Prince, Machiavelli emphasizes that "there can be no good laws without a good army, and where there is a good army, there must be good laws" (Machiavelli, 2012: 53). In this paper we analyze the concept of a "good army" in Machiavelli as an unclear and disputable term. By applying methods of content and discourse analysis of Machiavelli's works, we will demonstrate his understanding of a good army within the framework of his theoretical innovation, his new method, through the research question of whether it means a well-armed army, a standing army of monarchical states (France, Spain), the adventurer companies, compagnie di ventura, hired by Italian city-states, or an army that, in the spirit of Augustine, wages war in good faith-or something else? Machiavelli criticizes mercenary warfare and introduces the notion of an armed people, a citizen militia, into his teaching. We will explain the concept of the armed people through his republicanism, his view of the people as the pillar of preserving the state, of the political community in freedom, and the category of friendship between ruler and people. In addition, the paper will address the reach of Machiavelli's idea of the "good army" in the political thought and practice of contemporary society, namely, how far his idea corresponds with the concept of total defense, which in various forms is practiced in a number of states around the world.

Kyla W. Taylor, Sorina E. Eftim, Christopher A. Sibrizzi et al.

We recently completed a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on fluoride exposure and neurodevelopment and cognition, resulting in two publications. The 2024 National Toxicology Program Monograph concluded—with moderate confidence—that higher fluoride exposure is associated with lower IQ in children. The 2025 meta-analysis, published in JAMA Pediatrics, quantitatively synthesized over 70 epidemiological studies and likewise reported an inverse association between fluoride exposure and children’s IQ. This inverse association persisted when analyses were restricted to the best evidence, the high-quality studies, and was consistent across subgroups defined by sex, age, country, outcome assessment method, timing of exposure, and exposure matrix (e.g., urine or drinking water). Notably, among the high-quality evidence, inverse associations were still observed at fluoride exposure levels below 1.5 mg/L, based on both urinary and drinking-water measurements. These publications have received considerable public and media attention, prompted healthy scientific discourse, and have been cited by public health decision-makers. Many scientific comments were carefully considered and resolved during development and peer review, which contributed to the rigor of the final documents. However, some recurrent critiques continue to be raised. This viewpoint provides a high-level summary of these key critiques and corresponding responses to help the public, media, and the scientific community better understand the strength and implications of the scientific evidence on fluoride exposures and neurodevelopment and cognition.

Namiyah Fitriani, Ikhwanul Habib, Rima Ayu Handayani et al.

The Qur'an, as the divine revelation to Prophet Muhammad, employs Arabic language, necessitating a deep understanding of Arabic linguistics, including semantics (ʿilm al-dalālah). This study explores the phenomenon of tadhadh (antonyms) in the Qur'an from a semantic perspective, aiming to identify and analyze antonymic word pairs and their implications in Qur'anic discourse. Using a qualitative approach with library research methods, the study examines Qur'anic verses, classical and modern linguistic sources, and scholarly works on Arabic semantics. The findings reveal five types of antonyms based on Al-Khammas’ classification: (1) absolute antonyms (taḍādd ḥādd), (2) graded antonyms (taḍādd mutadarrij), (3) converse antonyms (taḍādd ʿaks), (4) perpendicular antonyms (taḍādd ʿamūdī), and (5) straight-line antonyms (taḍādd imtidādī). Examples from various Qur'anic verses illustrate how these antonyms enhance rhetorical and theological depth. The study underscores the importance of semantic analysis in Qur'anic exegesis, contributing to broader linguistic and interpretive studies of the Qur'an.

Magdalena Grycan

The trajectory of girlhood encompasses various experiences, and these might include practicing sports. The examination of girlhood in relation to the participation in sports in literary discourse allows for a better understanding of what it has meant and currently means to be a girl. This article investigates the ways in which contemporary girl-centric French young adult (YA) novels represent practising sports as a girl in relation to gender inequality. Through close textual analysis of three recent YA novels – La fille d’avril by Annelise Heurtier, Championnes by Mathilde Tournier, and Le syndrome du spaghetti by Marie Vareille – and drawing upon the concept of gender-based socialisation as a discursive cultural and social practice with an impact on sports participation, I investigate the limitations the three teenage protagonists face and how they transgress the social and cultural norms imposed upon them by a patriarchal Western society. In all three novels, the protagonists are portrayed as heroines who experience gender inequality in different ways while practicing sports. Although only one novel has gender inequality and women’s rights as its main theme, all three can be read and interpreted through a feminist lens. By relating their experiences to numerous constructs associated with a patriarchal society at the level of social, cultural, and linguistic practices, the young protagonists – and young readers – are given the opportunity to challenge gendered norms and the monolithic order of a patriarchal society.

Wei Liu, Michael Strube

In linguistics, coherence can be achieved by different means, such as by maintaining reference to the same set of entities across sentences and by establishing discourse relations between them. However, most existing work on coherence modeling focuses exclusively on either entity features or discourse relation features, with little attention given to combining the two. In this study, we explore two methods for jointly modeling entities and discourse relations for coherence assessment. Experiments on three benchmark datasets show that integrating both types of features significantly enhances the performance of coherence models, highlighting the benefits of modeling both simultaneously for coherence evaluation.

Yingxue Fu

Question Under Discussion (QUD), which is originally a linguistic analytic framework, gains increasing attention in the community of natural language processing over the years. Various models have been proposed for implementing QUD for discourse processing. This survey summarizes these models, with a focus on application to written texts, and examines studies that explore the relationship between QUD and mainstream discourse frameworks, including RST, PDTB and SDRT. Some questions that may require further study are suggested.

Krish Sharma, Niyar R Barman, Akshay Chaturvedi et al.

We look at reasoning on GSM8k, a dataset of short texts presenting primary school, math problems. We find, with Mirzadeh et al. (2024), that current LLM progress on the data set may not be explained by better reasoning but by exposure to a broader pretraining data distribution. We then introduce a novel information source for helping models with less data or inferior training reason better: discourse structure. We show that discourse structure improves performance for models like Llama2 13b by up to 160%. Even for models that have most likely memorized the data set, adding discourse structural information to the model still improves predictions and dramatically improves large model performance on out of distribution examples.

Ulla Hakala, Paula Sjöblom, Terhi Ainiala

The purpose of this multidisciplinary study is to investigate how municipalities position themselves in their slogans as unique places among competitors, namely other municipalities in their region or country. Empirically, discourse analysis was used to investigate the semantic features of municipal slogans in the context of place branding in Finland. The major findings demonstrate similarity in commonness rather than uniqueness: the slogans resembled each other thematically and did not distinctively differentiate places from one another. Academic research on slogans and their relation to linguistics and place branding is scarce. This study aims to narrow this gap. Nevertheless, further research is needed on slogans from different countries and languages. The study recommends that place managers should invest time and thought in the creation of slogans based on the factual attributes and values of the place as well as its strategies.

Yaya Deome Hamadjoda Lefe, Peter Asare-Nuamah, Aloysius Mom Njong et al.

Food security in developing regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa is a top priority in global development discourse, as evidenced in Sustainable Development Goal 2. Yet, high climate vulnerability poses serious challenges to food security in Africa even though the literature is inconclusive. Using data from 40 selected Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2000 to 2021, this paper investigates the extent to which climate variability affects food security in SSA. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to construct a food security index derived from its four dimensions (availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability). The proxies for climate variability included precipitation, temperature, and CO2 emissions. The Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) technique, which takes into account the cross-sectional dependency, serial correlation, and heteroscedasticity, was employed. The empirical results show that precipitation and CO2 emissions influence food security positively, while the association between temperature and food security is negative. Indeed, achieving food security in Africa requires robust and feasible policies capable of mitigating climate vulnerability and impacts on the continent.

Ambreen Tour Ben-Shmuel, Adam Hayes, Vanessa Drach

As financial advice migrates online, “finfluencers” are democratizing access to financial knowledge, challenging the historically male-dominated advisory landscape. This mixed-methods study explores how gender shapes the creation and consumption of finfluencer content. Qualitative analysis reveals gendered advice patterns: Men emphasize quantitative aspects, whereas women incorporate narratives and personal stories. Experimental surveys uncover subconscious same-gender preferences in advice receptivity, contrasting with stated desires for gender-neutral guidance. These implicit affinities persist even when advice content is anonymized and gender-balanced. Paradoxically, finfluencers introduce diverse voices and challenge traditional norms yet also subtly cater to gendered perspectives. The research highlights the complex role of gender in the digital financial advice market, where expanding inclusivity coexists with enduring biases. Findings offer insights for developing more equitable and empowering financial education in the digital age while revealing the subconscious factors shaping the emerging finfluencer discourse.

Hayley Truskewycz, Ruth Jeanes, Justen O’Connor

Introduction Sport is regularly used as a policy-led tool to facilitate outcomes aligned with resettlement and integration of refugees. However, the understanding of the role of sport in the resettlement of refugees is limited by a narrow focus on policy-led integration outcomes and player participation (Nunn et al., 2021). Moreover, refugee men prevail as the dominant participants, in not only sporting programs, but also within the research that informs the sport resettlement agenda (Ekholm et al., 2019). Therefore, the participation of refugee women in sport policy and programming is largely understood through refugee men's experiences, where the role of sport in resettlement and the daily lives of refugee women is less well understood. This research, guided by postcolonial feminism, examined how sport is deployed as a resettlement and integration policy tool for refugee backgrounded women living in Melbourne, Australia, and aimed to determine the relevance of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded women. Methods Bacchi (2009) framework for policy analysis examined three government sport policies texts that represented refugee integration as a ‘problem’ to be managed through sport. Interviews with policy actors and sport program providers investigated practices and discourses underpinning refugee women’s inclusion in sport programming. Ethnographic fieldwork conducted over a 12-month period with a culturally diverse community football club, explored the role of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded mothers and their children. Data was analysed using critical discourse analysis and thematic analysis. Results Factors at policy level, i.e. the tokenistic presence of women and girls in policy texts, and programming level, i.e. their inclusion into male dominated spaces shaped by neoliberal agendas, continue to resist refugee women’s participation in mainstream sport. Refugee women’s secondary presence in policy and programming was reinforced by temporary, sporadic and competitive funding opportunities that were heavily reliant on participation numbers and hegemonic masculinity, preserving the privilege of the status-quo. Integration in the policy texts was understood as belonging to the dominant Anglo-Australian culture, but belonging was contested, and the refugee mothers in this study understood belonging as being to their own cultures. Their sporting club was a space of belonging, stress relief, social connection, agency and cultural maintenance. The sport club was an important part of their lives as individuals, and was an important aspect of parenting and motherhood. Discussion/Conclusion Our study indicates that policy level and policy actors that promote the inclusion and integration of refugees through sport regularly marginalise refugee women and place them as tokenistic participants. Our findings suggest that ethno-specific, community driven sporting spaces are not oppositional, but play a complementary role in policy-led integration agendas. Sport can play an important role in resettlement among refugee backgrounded mothers and their families, where it offers a stable foundation from which other outcomes and benefits are able to facilitated. If sport has the capacity to facilitate positive social outcomes in line with settlement and integration, then greater efforts must be made to ensure women and girls are included and represented in the sport rhetoric (Ekholm et al., 2019). References Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: What’s the problem represented to be? Pearson. Ekholm, D., Dahlstedt, M., & Rönnbäck, J. (2019). Problematizing the absent girl: Sport as a means of emancipation and social inclusion. Sport in Society, 22(6), 1043-1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2018.1505870 Nunn, C., Spaaij, R., & Luguetti, C. (2021). Beyond integration: Football as a mobile, transnational sphere of belonging for refugee-background young people. Leisure Studies, 41(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1962393

Arman Irani, Ju Yeon Park, Kevin Esterling et al.

How can we capture the dynamics of deliberation in a debate? In an increasingly divided and misinformed world, understanding the relationship between who is arguing and what they are arguing about is becoming critical for fostering a meaningful exchange of ideas. Given the vast array of available platforms for people to express their viewpoints and deliberate on issues, how can we develop methods to accurately analyze these processes? Luckily, there is an abundance of debate data available, ranging from: (a) formal proceedings, such as committee hearings in legislatures, to (b) online discussion forums, such as Reddit. Here we introduce DALiSM, a data-driven argument-centric framework, to analyze discourse dynamics in diverse and multi-party spaces at scale. We develop methods to harness and extend the state-of-the-art in computational argumentation for: (a) identifying arguments from long-form raw texts, (b) calculating the intensity of deliberation, and (c) modeling the evolution of discourse over time. We deploy our framework as a comprehensive and interactive dashboard for dynamically viewing the outputs of DALiSM to clearly understand the nature of a discourse event. To showcase the importance and utility of DALiSM, we apply our framework to U.S. congressional committee hearings from 2005 to 2023 (109th to 117th Congresses), and to selected Reddit communities from 2008 to 2023. This case study reveals substantive insights into deliberative behavior in online and offline spaces.

Ana Carpio, Gema Duro

Free boundaries of biofilms advancing on surfaces evolve according to conservation laws coupled with systems of partial differential equations for velocities, pressures and chemicals affecting cell behavior. Thin film approximations lead to complicated quasi-stationary systems coupling stationary transport equations and compressible Stokes systems with convection-reaction-diffusion equations.We establish existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions of the different submodels involved and then obtain well posedness results for the full system. Our analysis relies on the construction of weak solutions for the steady transport equations under sign assumptions and the reformulation of the compressible Stokes problem as an elliptic system with enhanced regularity properties on the pressure. We need to consider velocity fields whose divergence and normal boundary components satisfy sign conditions, instead of vanishing as classical results require. Applications include the study of cells, biofilms and tissues, where one phase is a liquid solution, whereas the other one is assorted biomass.

Arman Irani, Michalis Faloutsos, Kevin Esterling

How can we model arguments and their dynamics in online forum discussions? The meteoric rise of online forums presents researchers across different disciplines with an unprecedented opportunity: we have access to texts containing discourse between groups of users generated in a voluntary and organic fashion. Most prior work so far has focused on classifying individual monological comments as either argumentative or not argumentative. However, few efforts quantify and describe the dialogical processes between users found in online forum discourse: the structure and content of interpersonal argumentation. Modeling dialogical discourse requires the ability to identify the presence of arguments, group them into clusters, and summarize the content and nature of clusters of arguments within a discussion thread in the forum. In this work, we develop ArguSense, a comprehensive and systematic framework for understanding arguments and debate in online forums. Our framework consists of methods for, among other things: (a) detecting argument topics in an unsupervised manner; (b) describing the structure of arguments within threads with powerful visualizations; and (c) quantifying the content and diversity of threads using argument similarity and clustering algorithms. We showcase our approach by analyzing the discussions of four communities on the Reddit platform over a span of 21 months. Specifically, we analyze the structure and content of threads related to GMOs in forums related to agriculture or farming to demonstrate the value of our framework.

Yuanyuan Lei, Ruihong Huang

Propaganda is a form of deceptive narratives that instigate or mislead the public, usually with a political purpose. In this paper, we aim to identify propaganda in political news at two fine-grained levels: sentence-level and token-level. We observe that propaganda content is more likely to be embedded in sentences that attribute causality or assert contrast to nearby sentences, as well as seen in opinionated evaluation, speculation and discussions of future expectation. Hence, we propose to incorporate both local and global discourse structures for propaganda discovery and construct two teacher models for identifying PDTB-style discourse relations between nearby sentences and common discourse roles of sentences in a news article respectively. We further devise two methods to incorporate the two types of discourse structures for propaganda identification by either using teacher predicted probabilities as additional features or soliciting guidance in a knowledge distillation framework. Experiments on the benchmark dataset demonstrate that leveraging guidance from discourse structures can significantly improve both precision and recall of propaganda content identification.

Ming Li, Ruihong Huang

Rhetorical Structure Theory based Discourse Parsing (RST-DP) explores how clauses, sentences, and large text spans compose a whole discourse and presents the rhetorical structure as a hierarchical tree. Existing RST parsing pipelines construct rhetorical structures without the knowledge of document-level content structures, which causes relatively low performance when predicting the discourse relations for large text spans. Recognizing the value of high-level content-related information in facilitating discourse relation recognition, we propose a novel pipeline for RST-DP that incorporates structure-aware news content sentence representations derived from the task of News Discourse Profiling. By incorporating only a few additional layers, this enhanced pipeline exhibits promising performance across various RST parsing metrics.

Rafael V. Shaidullin

The article analyzes certain moments of life and mentality peculiarities of two outstanding sons of the Tatar people – Gaziz Gubaydullin and Galimjan Ibragimov, who have taken an important place in world historiography with their talent, scientific, literary and journalistic activities. Along with the analysis of individual creative achievements of the individuals under study, the main emphasis in the work is on examining the series of events associated with the socio-political and ethno-cultural realities of the 1920s–1930s. Moreover, the defining characteristic of the activities of the described people is the problem of their relevance, since it is this factor that serves as an attractive moment for studying their lives. The presented episodes of private life in the biography of the declared individuals, favourable or tragic occasions become significant and of particular interest in the light of the characteristics of the national mentality specifics of the Tatar political discourse.

Gorka Koldobika Briones de Araluze, Natalia Cassinello Plaza

“Open banking,” as a concept, was initially developed by a UK regulation to foster competition in banking through sharing client data (with their consent) amongst competitors. Today, it is regulated in several most relevant banking jurisdictions. Despite its growing relevance, consensus about the definition of open banking is lacking. This study examines 282 articles on open banking using bibliometric clustering techniques. Moreover, within the 282 articles and applying discourse analysis, we analyze 47 idiosyncratic definitions of open banking to test an integral framework that supports our proposed definition of the concept. Our study contributes to the literature by providing a generalized multidisciplinary definition of open banking. It identifies four main drivers behind the concept: business model change, client data sharing, incorporation of technological companies (fintechs and others), and regulation. These four elements, which should be considered in new regulations in the globalized banking sector, foresee open banking as a critical enabler of a new strategic dynamic in banking.